4种锦鸡儿属(Caragana)植物抗旱性研究

为了给乌兰布和地区造林植物种的选择、植物配置以及植被建设方面提供更充足的理论依据,本试验在田间持续干旱条件下,研究4种锦鸡儿属植物柠条锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿、狭叶锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿对干旱胁迫的生理响应,并用隶属函数法进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明,4种锦鸡儿属植物幼苗叶片含水量和束缚水/自由水含量比值随着土壤含水量的减少而增加,方差分析表明,中间锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿差异不显著,与柠条锦鸡儿、荒漠锦鸡儿比有显著性差异,且柠条锦鸡儿的叶片含水量和束缚水/自由水含量比值最高;随着土壤干旱程度加剧,4种植物叶片水分亏缺、细胞膜透性都呈增加趋势,而离体叶片失水速率变化趋势基本相似,均表现为前期(0~9 h)失水快,后期(9~24 h)失水慢。根据抗旱隶属值,4种锦鸡儿属植物的抗旱性由大到小的顺序为：柠条锦鸡儿>中间锦鸡儿>狭叶锦鸡儿>荒漠锦鸡儿。     

火龙果花中总黄酮的提取与含量测定

以火龙果花为试材,在单因素试验结果的基础上,通过正交试验对火龙果花中黄酮类化合物的提取条件进行优化。结果表明,火龙果花中总黄酮类化合物提取分离最佳条件为：料液比1∶30(g/mL),乙醇浓度70%(V/V),提取温度60 ℃,提取时间1 h,该条件下提取的火龙果花中总黄酮以芦丁为标准品,采用AlCl3显色-分光光度法测得总黄酮含量为2.787 mg/g,样品平均回收率为97.61%,RSD值为2.33%(n=5)。     

小叶锦鸡儿根不同极性组分的抗氧化活性研究

为研究小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.)根不同极性组分的抗氧化活性,按极性梯度对粗提物进行液-液萃取获得4个组分,测定了不同极性组分总黄酮含量和各项抗氧化能力指标,并研究了各组分总黄酮含量和抗氧化能力的相关性。结果表明:小叶锦鸡儿根部粗提物和不同极性组分在不同抗氧化体系中均表现出不同程度的抗氧化活性;粗提物、正己烷层、二氯甲烷层、乙酸乙酯层和水层对DPPH.清除能力的EC50分别为0.68,6.12,0.23,0.07,2.23 mg/mL;不同极性组分羟自由基清除能力与其总黄酮含量呈显著相关性,而DPPH.和超氧阴离子清除能力及总抗氧化能力与其总黄酮含量未表现出显著相关性。结果证明,小叶锦鸡儿根部不同极性组分具有较强的抗氧化活性,是良好的天然抗氧化剂。     

小叶锦鸡儿总黄酮的提取方法比较与定性检验

利用乙醇提取法、热水提取法和碱提酸沉法,对小叶锦鸡儿不同部位的总黄酮提取进行比较。结果表明,利用体积分数70%的乙醇提取是一种比较好的提取方法。以乙醇作溶剂来提取小叶锦鸡儿不同部位的总黄酮,其中花中黄酮得率最高,达到2.16%,叶中次之,茎皮部最低。对小叶锦鸡儿黄酮类化合物作的定性检验结果表明,小叶锦鸡儿叶和花中可能含有黄酮类、黄酮醇类、异黄酮类、查耳酮和二氢黄酮类,茎皮部可能含有黄酮类、黄酮醇类、异黄酮类和查耳酮。     

干旱荒漠区18种锦鸡儿属植物物候特征研究

旨在丰富锦鸡儿属植物的物候资料。以民勤荒漠区18种锦鸡儿植物3年的物候观测为资料,运用聚类分析方法对萌动期、展叶期、开花期和果熟期4个主要物候期进行物候型分析。物候型归并为5个物候类型,第一层：秦晋锦鸡儿、南口锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿、垫状锦鸡儿、邦卡锦鸡儿、川西锦鸡儿。第二层：狭叶锦鸡儿、灰毛小叶锦鸡儿、树锦鸡儿、粉刺锦鸡儿、刺叶锦鸡儿。第三层：中间锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿、荒漠锦鸡儿、甘蒙锦鸡儿。第四层：红花锦鸡儿、黄刺条。第五层：绢毛锦鸡儿。聚合的物候类型基本上遵从植物的生态型特征,较系统聚类法直接用样本聚合的类型更加科学合理。     

多功能野生物种--金雀花繁苗及丰产栽培技术

金雀花又名金孔雀、金鹊花,属豆科蝶形花亚科锦鸡儿属(Caragana chinensis Turcz.ex Maxim)。广泛分布(野生)于云南省的保山、大理、红河、丽江、曲靖、昆明、楚雄等地州(市)海拔1500～2000m区域,以及四川、重庆、广西、江西等省(市、区)。当地居民多以采其花作蔬菜食用。可烹制许多种类菜肴,风味独特,色味俱佳。是较好的药用食品。金雀     

播期和播量对荞麦产量及主要品质的影响

为探明适合山西地区种植荞麦的高产优质栽培技术,以晋荞6号(苦荞)和晋荞1号(甜荞)为材料,采用3个播期(主区)和3个播量(裂区)的二因素裂区试验,研究不同播期和播量对荞麦产量,蛋白质、淀粉及总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明,播期对晋荞6号的产量、蛋白质含量和总黄酮含量及晋荞1号的产量和淀粉含量有不同程度的影响;播量对两个品种的产量、蛋白质含量和淀粉含量及晋荞6号的总黄酮含量有不同程度的影响。随着播期的延迟,两个品种的产量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,蛋白质和总黄酮含量均呈下降的趋势;随着播量的增加,两个品种的蛋白质含量及晋荞6号的产量和总黄酮含量呈下降趋势,晋荞1号产量先上升后下降。6月4日播种、22.5kg/hm~2播量的晋荞6号产量(3 498.60kg/hm~2)表现最好,但5月28日播种、22.5kg/hm~2播量的蛋白质(11.94%)和总黄酮含量(1.83%)表现最佳。6月4日播种、45kg/hm~2播量的晋荞1号产量(1 705.80kg/hm~2)表现最好,但5月28日播种、37.5kg/hm~2播量的蛋白质含量(11.86%)表现最佳。相关性分析结果表明,晋荞6号的产量与其蛋白质、淀粉含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),晋荞1号的产量与其蛋白质含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。     

黄花菜·萱草·大花萱草

<正>黄花菜、萱草、大花萱草都是百合科萱草属植物。这一属植物世界约有15～18种,我国产11种,在民间统称为萱草。黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina)又名金针菜。花黄色,芳香。花蕾长8～16厘米,加工后作蔬菜用。用于经济栽培的黄花菜还包括小黄花菜(H.minor)、北黄花菜(H.flava)等。萱草(H.fulva)花橘红色,不香。花蕾长7～12厘米,有重瓣花的变种(var.kwanso),是我国庭院种植的传统花卉(图1)。     

芥菜型油菜BjuB.KAN4基因调控类黄酮的途径

MYB类转录因子KAN4有调控植物原花青素合成的功能。为了探究芥菜型油菜中MYB转录因子KAN4对原花青素合成的调控机理,本研究以芥菜型油菜紫叶芥为实验材料,克隆了一个BjuB.KAN4基因,编码266个氨基酸,BjuB.KAN4蛋白包含一段高度保守的MYB-like DNA结合结构域,属于1R-MYB转录因子家族成员。基因表达分析表明, BjuB.KAN4在根中表达量显著高于叶和茎中, GUS组织化学染色分析试验推测,该基因可能在根茎叶的维管组织中表达。利用毛状根体系过表达BjuB.KAN4发现,类黄酮合成途径的部分关键酶基因Bju.CHS和Bju.DFR等的表达量在紫叶芥和四川黄籽的转基因根系中均显著增加,紫叶芥转基因根系中总黄酮含量为2.798 mg g~(-1),是对照组的1.3倍,四川黄籽中总黄酮含量为2.567 mg g~(-1),是对照组的1.2倍。在拟南芥中异源表达BjuB.KAN4发现,转基因植株总黄酮含量为0.237mgg~(-1),是野生型的1.5倍,原花青素含量为0.363mgg~(-1),较野生型含量下降。本研究表明,BjuB.KAN4基因参与调控芥菜型油菜类黄酮合成,为研究芸薹属植物原花青素合成的调控机理提供了参考。     

三种“金雀儿”

在植物中有不少同名异物的种类，如锦鸡儿、染料木、金雀花都因花朵像展翅欲飞的鸟雀，而有金雀花或“金雀儿”的别名。虽然它们都属豆科植物，但却不同属，其形态、习性都有着很大的差异，是三种完全不同的植物。     

The Relationship Between Sugar-Nitrogen Ratio and Reproductive Organs Abscission in Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.)

The changes of soluble sugar and total nitrogen content of vegetative organs in faba bean, sugar-nitrogen ratio, abscission of reproductive organs and the relationship between sugar-nitrogen ratio and abscission probability were studied using the faba bean cultivar Xichang Dabai . Plants were field grown in 1986, 1988 and 1990. The lands were separated into high yield land, middling yield land and low yield land according to grain yield at maturing stage. The soluble sugar content in vegetative organs (leaf + stem) was greatest from branching to floral initiation stages and pod-set to filling grain stages, and distinctly decreased at the onset of bloom and maturing stages. The total N content was greatest at branching stage, and gradually decreased with growth. In general, the sugar and total N contents in high yield lands were greatest, followed by that in middling yield and low yield lands. The sugar-nitrogen ratio varied depending on the soluble sugar content.
Average yield on high yield lands, middling yield land and low yield land across 3 years were 5048.77 kg/ha, 3744.01 kg/ha and 2378.22 kg/ha, respectively. The total reproductive organs abscission exceeded 90 % of total flower buds. Abscission probability averaged across 3 yield lands and 3 years were 21.6 %, 84.0 % and 32.8 % in flower buds, flowers, and pods, respectively. Node 7–12 of canopy produced more flowers, and fewer flowers and pods were produced in the upper and lower regions. Photosynthate supply has been implicated in control of abscission. Faba bean reproductive organs abscission probability increased with the sugar-nitrogen ratio of vegetative organs decreasing. It seemed that the soluble sugar content influenced significantly the shedding rate during flowering and pod-growing stages.     

不同类型杜仲雄花茶活性成分的含量测定

采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮、绿原酸及京尼平苷含量,探讨不同原料生产的杜仲雄花茶活性成分含量差异。结果表明,杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮、绿原酸及京尼平苷含量分别为1.89%～6.22%、0.06%～2.81%、0.06%～2.09%;不同类型杜仲雄花茶中各类活性成分含量有所差异,以花朵为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮含量和绿原酸含量均为最高,以花蕊为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶中京尼平苷含量最高,发酵杜仲雄花茶中各类活性成分含量均偏低。本研究可为开发不同保健功能杜仲雄花茶提供理论依据,有利于进一步推动杜仲雄花资源的开发利用。     

Drought Resistance of Twelve Desert Shrubs at Seedling Stage of Ulan Buh Desert Ecosystem

[Objective] To establish drought resistance evaluation index system of desert shrubs,and provide scientific support for selecting quality tree species.[Method] Taking 2-year-old seedlings of 12 desert shrubs in Ulan Buh Desert ecosystem as the test materials,7 water physiological indexes were tested,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to explore drought resistance of the shrubs.[Results](a) Water potential of Ephedra distachya Linn.,Nitraia tangutorum Bobr.,Caragana korshinski Kom.was lower than that of the other 9 species;bound water content(V_a) and bound water/free water ratio(V_a/V_s) of Zygophyl um xanthoxylon Maxim.was 64.20% and 3.3,higher than the others';transpiration rate of Atraphaxis bracteata A.Los.,Nitraia tangutorum Bobr.and Tamarix elongata Ldb.was significantly lower than the others';constant weight time of Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Ephedra distachya Linn.was the longest(144 h);residual moisture content of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Maxim.was the highest(44.80%).(b) Water potential,bound water/free water(V_a/V_s),residual moisture content,bound water,constant weight time,and transpiration rate had great impact on drought resistance of plant,and the accumulative variance contribution rate achieved 87.59%.[Conclusion] According to the drought resistance,the 12 species were classified into 3 categories,namely shrubs with strong drought resistance(Ephedra distachya Linn.),shrubs with moderate drought resistance(Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge,Nitraia tangutorum Bobr.,and Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim.);shrubs with poor drought resistance(Hedysarunn scoparium Fisch,Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz.,Tamarix elongata Ldb.,Caragana korshinskii Kom.,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Maxim.,Atraphaxis bracteata A.Los.,Cal igonum mongolicum Mattei.,and Caragana microphylla Lam.).     

移栽Bt棉的生长发育及其碳氮代谢研究

2002-2003年在江苏高肥力棉田,移栽条件下对9个Bt基因棉花品种(系)的生长发育特点及其碳氮代谢特征进行了研究。结果表明,中棉所29等3个杂交种在整个生长期表现为棉株高增长快,叶面积增长量大,现蕾和成铃强度大,生殖器官干物重也高,叶片全氮、可溶性糖含量高,NR、GPT、Rubisco、Sucroase活性高,表现为生长发育两旺,常规Bt棉GK19和新棉33B盛花前株高、叶面积生长快,现蕾强度大,叶片全氮含量高、NR、GPT活性高,表现为前期生长旺盛;新洋822和苏抗103结铃盛期后叶面积生长快,现蕾和成铃强度大,碳氮代谢强,表现为后期生育旺盛;sGK321和鲁棉研16整个生育期氮代谢强度大,但可溶性糖含量低、Rubisco、Sucroase等活性小,营养生长快,生殖生长弱,表现为营养生长过旺。     

苦荞麦黄酮含量萃取工艺的研究

为了研究其总黄酮的提取工艺,以苦荞麦不同器官为原料,采用高压提取、超声波萃取、高压提取+超声波萃取混合萃取苦荞麦黄酮含量。结果表明：高压15 min,测定黄酮含量：叶片5.46%、茎秆1.27%、根系0.54%;超声波萃取为60 min,测定黄酮含量：叶片5.72%、茎秆1.71%、根系0.84%;实施高压 + 超声波混合提取,以高压10 min + 超声波30 min,提取的黄酮含量最高：其叶片黄酮含量的平均值为6.34%,比相同条件的高压提取(5.07%)增加1.27%,比相同条件的超声波萃取(5.53%)增加0.81%。高压10 min+超声波30 min的回收率最高,为96.7%。     

微波辅助提取黄柏总黄酮的条件研究

在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验,确定了微波辅助萃取黄柏总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:固液比为1.0∶30(g∶mL),溶剂乙醇的体积分数为60%,微波功率为500W,辐射时间为4min,在此条件下黄柏中的总黄酮提取率可达3.03%。     

Comparative study on vegetative,reproductive and qualitative traits of seven diploid and tetraploid watermelon lines

Seven tetraploid watermelon lines developed by colchicine treatments were compared with their diploid counterpart for plant, flower, fruit, seed and qualitative characteristics. Tetraploid genotypes attained statistically higher vine thickness (8.04 mm), leaf area (298.9 cm²) and chlorophyll content (55.6) while internode length and chlorophyll fluorescence was similar to their corresponding diploid. Both pistillate and staminate flower organs (pedicel, anther, ovary, stigma, petals) were larger in tetraploid plants; however, the percent increase in flower components varied across the tetraploid lines. Fruit weight and total sugar content (^∘Brix) in both ploidy fruits was similar. Rind thickness in fruits varied significantly and averaged 12.7 and 17.2 mm in diploid and tetraploid fruits, respectively. Tetraploid genotypes showed sterility, yielded lower number of seed per fruit (37.9), and tetraploid seed was larger and thicker than diploid seed. Overall β-carotene (0.89), lycopene (1.16), fructose (5.43%) and glucose (2.38%) contents were higher in tetraploid than diploid fruits.     

中国仁用杏栽培生理研究进展

仁用杏有很强的抗逆性,是我国非常有发展前途的特色经济林木,尤其适宜我国自然条件恶劣的“三北”地区发展。目前,与仁用杏栽培生产密切相关的生理机制研究虽然取得了一定的进展,但仍处于起步阶段,需进一步深入探讨。本文综述分析了我国仁用杏的花器官败育、营养元素利用、抗旱及抗寒生理等方面研究进展,以期为我国仁用杏生产和研究工作的顺利开展提供参考。