共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Variation in root architecture is essential for the adaptation of plants to target environments. A non‐destructive gel‐based mini‐rhizotron system was used for root architecture trait phenotyping. This system has facilitated the visualization of root architectural traits in large genotype collection of rapeseed including 94 double haploid (DH) lines from “Express617” x “V8” and 439 inbred lines (ASSYST diversity set). A high‐density Express617‐V8 linkage map was used for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identification in DH population based on standard composite interval mapping. 6K SNPs were analysed for association mapping of root traits in ASSYST diversity set. A large variation, broad segregation and medium–low heritability of root architectural traits, primary root length and growth rate, lateral root number, lateral root length and lateral root density, were observed. In the double haploid population, 11 QTL regions, and in the diversity set, 38 significant marker–trait associations were detected. Significant marker–trait associations proved that these are quantitatively inherited traits controlled by multiple genes which revealed to proceed for genetic improvement and selection of rapeseed lines with improved root system. 相似文献
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Optimizing root systems is one crucial point in drought tolerance breeding of plants. Introducing root-related traits to breeding programmes is time-consuming and laborious. Most of the commonly used methods are not suitable to be applied in a larger amount of plants. Here we present a study applying a DNA-based root phenotyping method (root DNA density; RDD) for phenotyping the root system of maize. Twenty-one maize inbred lines were investigated in a rain-out shelter experiment and 19 maize inbred lines in a greenhouse experiment under well-watered and drought conditions. Beside other commonly used root traits, agronomic traits of the plants were recorded and compared to RDD. Within root traits, RDD showed high significant genotypic variation and the highest repeatabilities of up to 72.4%. In contrast to most agronomic traits, repeatabilities increased under drought conditions. Values showed also good correlations between rain-out shelter and greenhouse trial, indicating the potential of this method for obtaining comparable results across different environments. 相似文献
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Cho Miltin Mboh Amit Kumar Srivastava Thomas Gaiser Frank Ewert 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(2):109-128
Although the root length density (RLD) of crops depends on their root system architecture (RSA), the root growth modules of many 1D field crop models often ignored the RSA in the simulation of the RLD. In this study, two model set‐up scenarios were used to simulate the RLD, above‐ground biomass (AGB) and grain yield (GY) of water‐stressed spring wheat in Germany, aiming to investigate the impact of improved RLD on AGB and GY predictions. In scenario 1, SlimRoot, a root growth sub‐model that does not consider the RSA of the crop, was coupled to a Lintul5‐SlimNitrogen‐SoilCN‐Hillflow1D crop model combination. In scenario 2, SlimRoot was replaced with the Somma sub‐model which considered the RSA for simulating RLD. The simulated RLD, AGB and GY were compared with observations. Scenario 2 predicted the RLD, AGB and GY with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.43 cm/cm3, 0.59 t/ha and 1.03 t/ha, respectively, against 1.03 cm/cm3, 1.20 t/ha and 2.64 t/ha for scenario 1. The lower RMSE under scenario 2 shows that, even under water‐stress conditions, predictions of GY and AGB can be improved by considering the RSA of the crop for simulating the RLD. 相似文献
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As sessile organisms, plants rely on their roots for anchorage and uptake of water and nutrients. Plant root is an organ showing extensive morphological and metabolic plasticity in response to diverse environmental stimuli including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition/stresses. N and P are two essential macronutrients serving as not only cell structural components but also local and systemic signals triggering root acclimatory responses. Here, we mainly focused on the current advances on root responses to N and P nutrition/stresses regarding transporters as well as long-distance mobile proteins and peptides, which largely represent local and systemic regulators, respectively. Moreover, we exemplified some of the potential pitfalls in experimental design, which has been routinely adopted for decades. These commonly accepted methods may help researchers gain fundamental mechanistic insights into plant intrinsic responses, yet the output might lack strong relevance to the real situation in the context of natural and agricultural ecosystems. On this basis, we further discuss the established—and yet to be validated—improvements in experimental design, aiming at interpreting the data obtained under laboratory conditions in a more practical view. 相似文献
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Huairen Zhang Derong Hao Hélder Manuel Sitoe Zhitong Yin Zhenbin Hu Guozheng Zhang Deyue Yu 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(5):564-572
Plant architecture and yield components are critical for the determination of seed yield in soybean. In this study, we performed genetic association analysis to dissect the relationships between plant architecture and yield component traits. Two hundred and nineteen accessions were employed, and eight agronomic traits were evaluated in six environments. Our results revealed strong positive correlations of plant architecture traits with yield components and the significant association of 4 SNPs with plant architecture traits and of 7 SNPs with yield component traits in two or more environments. Eight SNPs were co‐associated with two traits. Based on the phenotypic effects of the alleles of the detected SNPs, the best alleles were mined for twenty‐three distinct SNPs. Fifteen typical carrier materials harbouring the best allele effects were also mined. Twenty parental combinations were proposed by pyramiding possible alleles per SNP in one individual (excluding possible epistatic effects). These proposed combinations with the best alleles and carrier materials will aid in the improvement of targeted traits and marker‐assisted selection (MAS) efficiency in soybean breeding. 相似文献
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根系是吸收水分和养分的主要器官, 根系的生长状态会直接影响棉花对营养物质的吸收利用、对非生物胁迫的抵御能力以及产量。本研究选取220份陆地棉栽培种组成的自然群体和以鄂棉22为母本、3-79为父本获得的325份材料的海陆导入系群体为试验材料, 对自然群体和导入系群体的根系4个主要表型性状(主根长、根鲜重、根干重和侧根夹角)进行采集, 并结合基因组重测序对自然群体的4个根系性状进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明, 自然群体材料的4个根系性状均符合正态分布, 导入系群体材料的4个根系性状呈偏正态分布, 导入系群体根系各指标的平均值均高于自然群体; 220份陆地棉重测序数据分析后共获得2,714,140个SNP; 主成分分析表明, 根鲜重和主根长可作为棉花根系分型的2个主要指标, 通过这2个指标可将棉花根系分为9种类型。群体结构分析表明, 自然群体可分为5个亚群。全基因组关联分析(GWAS)表明, 自然群体中通过根鲜重和根干重同时关联到2个位点。本研究结果为进一步研究根系构型及其遗传机理提供理论基础, 也对棉花抵御非生物胁迫的育种工作有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Hao Wang Liyan Liang Shuo Liu Tingting An Yan Fang Bingcheng Xu Suiqi Zhang Xiping Deng Jairo A. Palta Kadambot H. M. Siddique Yinglong Chen 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):711-721
Maize (Zea mays L.) is susceptible to salinity but shows genotypic variation for salt tolerance. How maize genotypes with contrasting root morphological traits respond to salt stress remains unclear. This study assessed genotypic variation in salinity tolerance of 20 maize genotypes with contrasting root systems exposed to NaCl for 10 days (0, 50 mM or 100 mM NaCl, added in four increments every other day from 14 days after transplanting, DAT) in a semi-hydroponic phenotyping system in a temperature-controlled greenhouse. Considerable variation was observed for each of the 12 measured shoot and root traits among the 20 genotypes under NaCl treatments. Salt stress significantly decreased biomass production by up to 54% in shoots and 37% in roots compared with the non-saline control. The 20 genotypes were classified as salt-tolerant (8 genotypes), moderately tolerant (5) and salt-sensitive (7) genotypes based on the mean shoot dry weight ratio (the ratio of shoot dry weight at 100 mM NaCl and non-saline control) ± one standard error. The more salt-tolerant genotypes (such as Jindan52) had less reductions in growth, and lower shoot Na+ contents and higher shoot K+/Na+ ratios under salt stress. The declared salt tolerance was positively correlated with shoot height, shoot dry weight and primary root depth, and negatively correlated with shoot Na+ content at 100 mM NaCl. Primary root depth is critical for identifying salt responsiveness in maize plants and could be suggested as a selection criterion for screening salt tolerance of maize during early growth. The selected salt-tolerant genotypes have potentials for cultivation in saline soils and for developing high-yielding salt-tolerant maize hybrids in future breeding programmes. 相似文献
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[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of spatial soil moisture stress on cotton root growth, and to analyze the corresponding changes in cotton root architecture. [Method] To produce soil moisture spatial stress, cotton spacing was set at 30 cm. The cotton was all irrigated on one side of the pole (the side sampling point). By excavating the cotton root, analysis of the main root bifurcation, which was cultivated away from the irrigation point, could be undertaken. [Result] The analyses of the cotton A (the nearest plant to the irrigation location) root system showed that soil moisture near the irrigation point was distributed uniformly. The root system architecture of the cotton cultivated near the irrigation point mostly presented a symmetrical \"umbrella\" pattern; the difference in root diameter between the main and lateral roots was 5–6 mm, and the average angle between them was 70°–80°, which decreased with the increase in cotton growth stage. Soil moisture spatial stress influenced the cotton plant C, which was cultivated away from the irrigation point, such that the root system architecture was asymmetrical. The roots of cotton plant C grew towards the high soil moisture zone; 48.15% of the lateral roots became thicker, which acted as a bifurcated main root. The difference in diameter between the bifurcated roots was 1–4 mm, and the average angle of the bifurcated roots along the vertical direction was between 20°–37°, which increased with the increase in cotton growth stage. [Conclusion] The results provide important information on the physiological responses of the cotton root system to the soil moisture environment. 相似文献
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M. R. Abenavoli M. Leone F. Sunseri M. Bacchi A. Sorgonà 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(1):1-12
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is cultivated throughout Latin America and Africa, and for the European community, in Italy and Spain, areas are mainly subjected to drought stress which is predict to worsen by regional climatic models. The aims of this work were to identify the drought‐tolerant and drought‐sensitive bean landraces using drought tolerance and phenotypic plasticity indexes and to dissect the root morphological and 2D‐architecture traits related to drought tolerance. Thirty‐one landraces from diverse gene pools and areas of the Calabria region (South Italy), with different habits and morphological traits, were screened for drought tolerance in a hydroponic system. Root phenotyping was conducted by image analysis. Drought tolerance screening identified two landraces as drought tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Under drought stress, the drought‐tolerant landrace exhibited several interesting root traits such as a higher root length, surface area and, above all, the fineness of the whole root systems and, with emphasis, of the higher order roots. Drought stress induced plastic root responses in both bean landraces but with contrasting patterns. The drought‐tolerant landrace exhibited a dimorphic‐rooted strategy, which could be included in future utility for bean breeding programmes in drought‐prone environments. 相似文献
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Takanari Tanabata Kunihiro Kodama Takuyu Hashiguchi Daisuke Inomata Hidenori Tanaka Sachiko Isobe 《Breeding Science》2022,72(1):85
Plant phenotyping technology has been actively developed in recent years, but the introduction of these technologies into the field of agronomic research has not progressed as expected, in part due to the need for flexibility and low cost. “DIY” (Do It Yourself) methodologies are an efficient way to overcome such obstacles. Devices with modular functionality are critical to DIY experimentation, allowing researchers flexibility of design. In this study, we developed a plant conveyance system using a commercial AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) as a case study of DIY plant phenotyping. The convey module consists of two devices, a running device and a plant-handling device. The running device was developed based on a commercial AGV Kit. The plant-handling device, plant stands, and pot attachments were originally designed and fabricated by us and our associates. Software was also developed for connecting the devices and operating the system. The run route was set with magnetic tape, which can be easily changed or rerouted. Our plant delivery system was developed with low cost and having high flexibility, as a unit that can contribute to others’ DIY’ plant research efforts as well as our own. It is expected that the developed devices will contribute to diverse phenotype observations of plants in the greenhouse as well as to other important functions in plant breeding and agricultural production. 相似文献
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膜下滴灌水氮对棉花根系构型的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
通过分层挖掘法,研究了膜下滴灌棉花根系构型对水氮的响应。结果表明：灌水量增加,根干重增加,根长、根表面积降低。表土层根干重、根长下降,深土层增加,各土层根表面积下降。高氮对根系具有明显的抑制作用,各土层根干重、根长、根表面积下降。水氮交互对根干重、平均根长、亚表土层根干重、表土层和深土层根长、根表面积影响明显。灌水300 mm,根干重及根干重在亚土层中的分布以276kg·hm-2最高。施氮对平均根长密度的影响差异不明显。低氮和高氮促进深土层根长、根表面积增加。灌水600 mm,深土层根长以276kg·hm-2最高,各土层根表面积随供氮水平的增加下降。水分是影响皮棉产量的主要因子,水分胁迫降低了氮肥的增产效应,氮肥促进了灌水的增产效果,但过多的氮肥供应降低增产效果。 相似文献
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Fumio Okura 《Breeding Science》2022,72(1):31
This paper reviews the past and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) modeling and reconstruction of plants and trees. These topics have been studied in multiple research fields, including computer vision, graphics, plant phenotyping, and forestry. This paper, therefore, provides a cross-cutting review. Representations of plant shape and structure are first summarized, where every method for plant modeling and reconstruction is based on a shape/structure representation. The methods were then categorized into 1) creating non-existent plants (modeling) and 2) creating models from real-world plants (reconstruction). This paper also discusses the limitations of current methods and possible future directions. 相似文献
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Ken Kuroki Kai Yan Hiroyoshi Iwata Kentaro K. Shimizu Toshiaki Tameshige Shuhei Nasuda Wei Guo 《Breeding Science》2022,72(1):66
Phenotyping is a critical process in plant breeding, especially when there is an increasing demand for streamlining a selection process in a breeding program. Since manual phenotyping has limited efficiency, high-throughput phenotyping methods are recently popularized owing to progress in sensor and image processing technologies. However, in a size-limited breeding field, which is common in Japan and other Asian countries, it is challenging to introduce large machinery in the field or fly unmanned aerial vehicles over the field. In this study, we developed a ground-based high-throughput field phenotyping rover that could be easily introduced to a field regardless of the scale and location of the field even without special facilities. We also made the field rover open-source hardware, making its system available to public for easy modification, so that anyone can build one for their own use at a low cost. The trial run of the field rover revealed that it allowed the collection of detailed remote-sensing images of plants and quantitative analyses based on the images. The results suggest that the field rover developed in this study could allow efficient phenotyping of plants especially in a small breeding field. 相似文献
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The root system is an essential organ for taking up water and nutrients and anchoring shoots to the ground. On the other hand, the root system has rarely been regarded as breeding target, possibly because it is more laborious and time-consuming to evaluate roots (which require excavation) in a large number of plants than aboveground tissues. The root growth angle (RGA), which determines the direction of root elongation in the soil, affects the area in which roots capture water and nutrients. In this review, we describe the significance of RGA as a potential trait to improve crop production, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms that regulate RGA. We discuss the prospects for breeding to improve RGA based on current knowledge of quantitative trait loci for RGA in rice. 相似文献
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Oilseed rape was grown under irrigated conditions at equal plant density per unit area in PVC cylinders of 1 m length with different diameter (0.11, 0.16 and 0.20m). The influence of soil volume, expressed as cylinder diameter, was found not to be significant on root dry weight, root length, root surface area or the shoot: root ratio. However, a significant influence was found on shoot and seed dry weights. It was concluded that cylinders with a length of 1 m and a diameter of a minimum of 0.11 m are appropriate for the study of container-grown root systems. 相似文献
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探讨大豆根系形态构型指标在低磷胁迫下的适应性反应,研究根系形态构型指标与磷效率的关系。本试验选用3个“磷低效”大豆基因型D3、D17和D18及“磷高效”大豆基因型D34、D37和D38,采用田间试验,设高、低磷两个处理,对大豆基因型磷效率与根形态构型指标的关系进行了研究。结果表明,在高磷处理下,供试大豆根系各形态构型指标和根干生物量均无显著差异,在低磷处理下,各基因型间差异达到显著水平。相关分析表明,根长、根表面积和根生物量与地上部干生物量达到显著或极显著正相关,根直径与磷效率相关系数未达到显著水平。低磷胁迫时,根长、根表面积与根生物量影响植物的磷效率,而根直径对磷效率的影响较小。因此可以把根长、根表面积作为大豆磷效率筛选的重要指标,把根生物量作为辅助筛选指标。 相似文献
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Chao Mi Yanning Zhao Qian Wang Chao Sun Yusong Zhang Chao Zhou Youmin Liu Zigang Liu Liangbin Lin 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(5):650-667
Winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) can well-adapt to environmental conditions such as barrenness, water deficit and low temperature in arid and semi-arid planting regions and is the preferred rapeseed type. In this study, we analysed changes of root system morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormone contents and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) under control (CK), slight water deficit (SWD, 50–55% of maximum field water capacity), moderate water deficit (MWD, 40–45% of maximum field water capacity) and high water deficit (HWD, 30–35% of maximum field water capacity) conditions. Winter rapeseed experienced taproot elongation, decreased taproot diameter and increased lateral root number, under water deficit stress. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause membrane system peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity increases to remove ROS. Changes in jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), cytokinin (CTK), auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) levels promote the absorption of water and minerals by driving changes in the root system architecture to resist water deficit stress. A proteomic analysis has shown that DEPs are involved in energy metabolism, antioxidation response, osmotic regulation, hormone signal transduction, protein metabolism and the stress response, and these proteins are located in the peroxisome, chloroplast, mitochondrion, cell wall, vacuole, cytoplasm, extracellular space and cell membrane. In this study, multiple DEPs (malate dehydrogenase cytoplasmic 1 OS, 14-3-3-like protein GF14 Psi, GA 3-beta-dioxygenase, glutathione reductase and jasmonate-inducible protein) were involved in the root system architecture, revealing the complexity of the root response to water deficit. Significant/extremely significant synergistic relationships were observed between antioxidant enzyme activity and endogenous hormone contents. In conclusion, ROS, endogenous hormones and stress-related proteins work synergistically to control the root system architecture of winter rapeseed roots in response to water deficit stress. 相似文献
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