Fluorescence Spectra and Lifetime from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) is often used to reinforce the fluorescence of some materials,which need to know the fluorescence from SDS.A steady fluorescence spectrometer was used to analyze the SDS solution with different concentrations.The fluorescence spectra covers longer wavelength scope in ultraviolet light region.The position of the first fluorescence peak ranges from 290 nm to 300 nm with red shift with increase of concentration and fixes at 300 nm as reaching critical micelle concentration.Hereafter,bimodality appears at 300 nm and 330 nm.The first fluorescence peak should derive from the excited oxygen atom between carbon and sulfur.The excited oxygen atom,bonding with sulfur,should generate the peak at 330 nm is traversed.At the same time,fluorescence lifetime of various concentrations SDS.Fitting routine is applied to decay curve and calculates average fluorescence lifetime.The average fluorescence lifetime of SDS becomes long while concentration increasing,and the lifetime at 330 nm is longer than that at 300 nm.     

苹果果实早期发育期间乙烯释放率和过氧化物酶活性的变化

苹果(新红星和金矮生)果实生理落果的早期、后期乙烯释放率较低,其高峰期乙烯释放率较高.果实乙烯释放率与1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)含量因发育状况不同而不同.生理落果的早期,果实中的过氧化物酶活性较低,高峰期过氧化物酶活性迅速增大.果实不同部位的过氧化物酶(POD)活性及同工酶谱有明显差别.     

Additional spontaneous male-sterile mutant in Capsicum annuum L.

Summary A stable, male-sterile, recessive mutant has been found in Gambo pepper and appears useful for production of hybrid pepper varieties.     

The reduced height genes do not affect the root penetration ability in wheat

Root penetration (RP) ability into compacted soil is an important breeding target for drought avoidance by durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) in regions with compacted soils and water deficits. However, it is said generally that yield of the current cultivars introduced the reduced height gene (Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b) are more sensitive to drought stress than that of old landraces. This study investigated the effect of the Rht genes on RP ability using the seedlings of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Rht genes of LD222 durum wheat and April Bearded bread wheat, and 110 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of durum wheat derived from the cross between the tall landrace (Jennah Khetifa; Rht-B1a Rht-B1a) and semi-dwarf cultivar (Cham1; Rht-B1b Rht-B1b). One seedling of each genotype was grown in a pot (6 cm diameter, 15 cm height) with a disc of 3 mm thickness made from paraffin and Vaseline mixture (PV) in 10 cm depth, as a substitute for a compacted soil layer. The RP index [number of roots penetrating through the PV disc per plant (PVRN)/total number of seminal and crown roots per plant (TRN)] was measured at eight weeks after sowing and used as the indicator of RP ability of seedling. In NILs, the shoot length decreased significantly because of the introduction of either Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b dwarfing genes, but the RP index was similar to those of tall parents. In RILs, although the RP index and shoot length were higher in Jennah Khetifa than in Cham1, the relationship between RP index and shoot length was not significant (r = 0.156). Both results indicate that RP ability of wheat does not link to dwarfness regulated by Rht genes. We suppose therefore that it would be possible to develop a high yielding semi-dwarf cultivar with excellent RP ability.     

桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白对草莓幼苗防御酶酶活性的影响

激活蛋白是从多种病原真菌中分离出的一种蛋白激发子,为了解桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白对植物防御酶的诱导作用,本实验通过沸水浴、离心等方法,从桃褐腐病菌（Monilinia fructicola）菌丝体中分离出激活蛋白的粗提物,并喷雾到草莓幼苗的叶片上,测定了部分防御酶和病程相关蛋白的活性变化。结果表明：经桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白处理后,0-18h内草莓叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性呈曲线增高的趋势,18h达到最高值,最高值比对照增加40.7%; 0-6h内草莓叶片过氧化物酶(POD) 和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性均呈急剧增高的趋势,6h达到最高值,其中POD活性比对照增加126.2%,PPO活性比对照增加62.9%。经激活蛋白处理后草莓叶片的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶活性也有增高的趋势。     

HPLC-ELSD法检测大豆卵磷脂流动相的选择

采用高效液相色谱仪—蒸发光散色检测器(HPLC-ELSD)对超声波法和超临界法提取的大豆卵磷脂进行检测。采用瑞典Kromasil silica100-5色谱柱,异丙醇—正己烷—水为流动相,对流动相比例进行了优化。结果表明,检测超声波萃取卵磷脂样品流动相最佳配比为:V异丙醇∶V正己烷∶V水=54∶28∶10,在23 min内卵磷脂与样品中其他组分完全分离,峰型良好,检测超临界萃取卵磷脂样品流动相最佳配比为:V异丙醇∶V正己烷∶V水=53∶28∶10,在19 min内卵磷脂与样品中其他组分完全分离,峰型良好。     

THE STUDY OF DELAMINATION IN THE STRUCTURAL STEELS

The influence of temperature and stress state on delamination in the pipe-line steel has been studied by tensile tests at different temperature and stress states. It is found that the' delamination always takes place along the centerline segregation band in pipe-line steel produced by continuous casting and then controlled rolling. At room temperature, the delamination appears to be caused by micrbvoid nucleation and coalecence. And the delamination appears to be caused by the cleavage cracking along (100) plane at low temperatur.e. The best way to eliminate the delamination is to reduce the degree of centerline segregation.     

赤霉素对杂交水稻生育后期剑叶中活性氧清除剂的影响

杂交水稻早衰组合威优49（V49）和后健组合威优35（V35）于始穗和齐穗时分别喷施赤霉素（GA3）后，其剑叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化物酶（POX）活性增高，早衰组合V49增加更为明显。两组合剑叶中叶绿素含量均有所降低，早衰组合降低的幅度小于后健组合。GA3处理后两组合上述指标的差异在齐穗以后更加显著。GA3使两     

Biochemical characterization of white onion landraces (Allium cepa L.) through HPLC analysis of endosperm seed proteins

Water-, salt-, alcohol- and alkali-soluble seed storage proteins, extracted from 21 cipolla bianca di Pompei landraces (Allium cepa L.), were analyzed by anionic exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (AE-HPLC). Chromatographic elution profiles (time range 0–40 min) at 280 nm of water-soluble seed proteins evidenced the presence of 21 peaks, which allowed all the landraces studied to be distinguished from each other. The differences detected were both qualitative (presence/absence of one or more peaks) and quantitative; the water-soluble proteins were useful in differentiating landraces and cultivars while the other seed protein fractions only showed a weak polymorphism. The cluster analysis, based on HPLC data, showed that the landraces clustered with a genetic similarity degree ranging between 69% and 94%. The possibility of discriminating among closely related onion landraces during the course of breeding programmes could allow the identification of biochemical markers linked to useful agronomical traits. As observed by chromatographic analysis, the globulin composition of onion water-soluble seed protein appears to be independent of environmental growth conditions. The biochemical characterization of the available typical onion germplasm may contribute to obtain a community recognition and denomination, such as Denomination of Protected Origin (D.O.P.), Indication of Protected Origin (I.G.P.) or Specificity Attestation (A.S.). The biochemical method here developed resulted of high resolution, cost-effective and time-saving for characterization and genetic purity assessment of the landraces studied.     

THE PROGRESS OF SPECTROELLTPSOMETRIC INVESTIGATION FOR ANALYZING ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS

This paper describes the initial idea of building up a new approach of spectroscopic ellipsometry for studying electrochemieal reaction from some of the author's experimental results on ellipsometry. The results which have proved the possibility of this idea is also presented. The study on an odic oxidation of iron and the oxidation and reduction processes of polyaililine film by ellipsometry with different wavelength show that the ellipsometric spectroscopy might be a new method for analyzing electrochemical reactions.     

Genetics of fertility restoration of ‘Wild Abortive’ cytoplasmic male sterility in rice,Oryza sativa L.

Summary Genetics of fertility restoration in six varieties and breeding lines of rice was studied in Wild Abortive cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system using cytoplasmic male sterile lines V 20 A and IR 54752 A. Fertility evaluation of the plants in F₂ and testcross populations of the crosses of V 20 A with PR 103, PR 106 and PAU 502-94-1, and IR 54752 A with PAU 1124-36-1 and PAU 1126-1-1 revealed that fertility restoration in PR 103, PR 106, PAU 502-94-1, PAU 1124-36-1 and PAU 1126-1-1 was controlled by two independently segregating dominant genes. The two genes appeared to have additive effects; one of them being stronger than the other in imparting fertility restoration. Data on spikelet fertility of the plants in F₂ and testcross populations of V 20 A/UPR 82-1-1 cross showed that fertility restoration in UPR 82-1-1 was controlled by two independently segregating dominant genes which exhibited recessive epistatic interaction.

---

     

小麦返白系返白阶段叶绿体膜光谱特性及色素蛋白质复合体的变化

小麦返白系在返白过程中,叶绿素含量逐渐降低,叶绿体类囊体膜吸收光谱、荧光激发和发射光谱（常温）逐渐减弱,全白叶片降到最低,但未见峰数目及位置的明显改变;电泳分析表明,类囊体膜色素蛋白复合体各组分含量均逐渐减少,全白叶中几乎消失,但经考马斯亮蓝Ｒ２５０染色发现,除ＣＰＩａ、ＣＰＩ的多肽缺失外,其余各组分的多肽带均可见,只是含量也随之减少。复绿过程中,以上各项分析均逐渐恢复,并达到其祖先矮变１号的水平。     

小麦温光发育模型的研究

1981～1984年,选用代表不同生态类型的25个小麦品种,在大田进行分期播种.通过分析温光等主要生态因子与小麦生长发育的关系,建立了各品种主要发育阶段的温光模型:播种至出苗为G=104.4751/(T-1.1032),出苗至二棱、出苗至拔节为V=a+bG+cP_(t1),二棱至抽穗、拔节至抽穗为V=a+bT+cL.文中认为,播种至出苗的日数(G)既能反映当时的温度条件,又可表示萌发时的“田间春化效应”;温光积(Ptl)则给“温度与光照之间存在明显的互补作用”找到了量的表达基础;因此,建模时采用这两个变量,是很有意义的.     

C18色谱柱的高效液相色谱法分析植物多环芳烃环境毒素

【本研究拟建立一套快速、准确且能应用于常规实验室检测植物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法。采用常规C18色谱柱代替PAHs专用色谱柱,并通过单因素和正交实验对色谱条件进行优化。采用检测波长300 nm、柱温30℃、进量样20 μL、流速0.7 mL/min、乙腈作流动B相以0~3 min (50%A+50%B)、3~30 min (100%B)梯度洗脱程序,各多环芳径的峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数≥0.9990,相对标准偏差均≤2%。本研究建立的以C18色谱柱代替PAHs专用色谱柱检测方法,不仅能快速、准确的检测植物中PAH,而且降低了检测设备成本。     

Blue light alters infection by Penicillium digitatum in tangerines

The effect of blue light exposure on Penicillium digitatum infection of tangerines during postharvest storage was investigated. In citrus, P. digitatum is one of the most important fungi causing diseases that result in postharvest loss. There is increasing interest in development of environmentally sustainable and consumer-friendly strategies of decay control. Strategies based on a plant's immunity can minimize pathogen infection of fruit. Light signalling affects plant-pathogen interactions and blue light may modulate phospholipase activation, a key step in plant immune responses. Exposure of fruit to 410-540 nm blue light at a fluency of 40 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ reduced infection by P. digitatum and induced phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) gene expression. Inhibition of PLA₂ activity allowed infection, whereas inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD) expression by 580-670 nm red light at the same fluency was correlated with infection. These data strongly suggest that induction of lipid signalling by light reduces fungal colonization by P. digitatum in citrus fruit.     

62株草菇遗传多样性分析

为了借助分子标记手段对草菇菌株进行鉴别，利用7个RAPD、ISSR，对62个草菇菌株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增，对草菇菌株的遗传差异进行分析。结果表明，7个引物共扩增出46条清晰的DNA片段，其大小介于250-2000bp，其中多态性片段43条，平均多态性位点百分率为93.5%。DNA指纹图谱分析结果表明，所有的供试菌株间的DNA指纹均存在差异性，各菌株间的遗传相似系数在0.63~0.97之间。聚类分析结果表明，62个草菇菌株在遗传相似系数为0.80处可以分成25个群组 草菇V0062、V0079和V0004与其它菌株之间的遗传距离最远。菌株V0084和V0085相似系数为0，需要借助其它方法进行进一步的鉴定。     

不同施氮量对套作大豆根系形态与生理特性的影响

在小麦/玉米/大豆套作模式中,利用挖掘法研究了施氮量在不同生育时期对套作大豆（贡选1号）一些根系形态与生理特性的影响。结果表明,在V3~R5时期,根干重、根瘤数、一级侧根长、伤流量均以低氮（纯氮45、90 kg hm^-2）处理最优;在R7时期,高氮（纯氮180、225 kg hm^-2）处理能够延缓大豆根系衰老,根干重、伤流量与施氮量呈正相关。根冠比与施氮量在V3~R5时期呈二次曲线关系,在生育末期呈直线递增关系。伤流量冠比(y)与三节期后天数(x)呈极显著负指数函数关系y=ae^-bx。伤流液氮素内含物中NO₃^-高于NH₄⁺,并随着施氮量增加而增加。在套作大豆整个生育时期中根系活力呈单峰曲线,低氮处理的套作大豆根系活力明显增强,高氮处理促使根系活力的峰值推迟至R3出现,并在生育末期（R7）保持高水平（＞116.00 μg g^-1 FW h^-1）。     

Introgression of Dasypyrum villosum chromatin into common wheat improves grain protein quality

Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy (DV) is adiploid (2n = 14, VV genomes), allogamous grass of theMediterranean region. It may be hybridized with wheatand is thus a gene resource for wheat improvement. Westudied grain protein concentration andSDS-sedimentation (SED) as indicators of end-usequality. The latter is a good predictor of glutenstrength. A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE were used to identifymonomeric and polymeric seed storage proteins,respectively, to relate proteins of DV to those foundin Chinese Spring (CS), Triticum aestivum L.,wheat. Two full-sib lines of DV had high grain protein(19.3 and 20.3%), but one had very low mean SED (69mm) and one had very high (118 mm) based on onegreenhouse and one field test. CS had very low grainprotein (12.0%) and weak gluten (33 mm). Single-DVchromosome addition and substitution lines and twoDV-wheat recombinant lines all had higher grainprotein than CS (range 13.9 to 16.7%). SED valuesshowed a different pattern. CS=4V and CS=6V hadlow SED, 63 and 44 mm, similar to CS, whereas CS=1Vand full sib DV 200 had very strong gluten, 118 mm, asdid substitution lines CS1V (1A) and CS1V (1B), 125and 131 mm, respectively. One hybrid-derived line withDV-wheat 1V recombinant chromosome had SED of 99 mmand one line with a 6V added chromosome had SED of 64mm. The large positive effects of quality in the wheathaving DV chromosome 1V are believed to be due to DValleles at the Glu-V1 and Gli-V1/Glu-V3loci. DV chromosomes 4V and 6V did not contribute toimproved quality probably due to Gli-V2 and Gli-V3 which, as the orthologous loci in wheat, donot enhance wheat quality. Based on the positiveeffects of alleles on DV chromosome 1V in a breadwheat background, we conclude that D. villosumis a source of allelic diversity that can beconsidered for improving end-use quality in breadwheat.     

Response of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to Fruiting Branch Removal

Cotton response to fruiting branch removal (FBR) is critical information in estimating plant recovery potential and making management decisions after hail storms or other physical damages. Fruiting branches were removed at first bloom (R8), 2.5‐cm boll (R12) and peak bloom (R16) growth stages. Five FBR treatments were conducted at each of the above three growth stages: 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %. At harvest, five plants were randomly chosen from each plot and branches separated into three groups: vegetative, lower and upper fruiting branches. Lower fruiting branches were from the nodes where FBR treatments were conducted, whereas upper fruiting branches were the new branches developed after FBR. Seed cotton weight, open boll number and node number in each group were recorded. Fruiting branch removal increased boll number, boll size and boll/node on the upper fruiting branches, which compensated yield loss on lower fruiting branches. Generally, FBR at the first bloom reduced cotton yield more than it did at the 2.5‐cm boll and peak bloom growth stages when FBR percentage was lower than 75 %. The removal of all 16 fruiting branches at peak bloom reduced cotton yield by 16.8 %, indicating remarkable compensation ability by cotton plants in climates with a long growing season.     

不同风速对温室厚皮甜瓜容器苗性状的影响

为了明确增加温室空气流动来培育厚皮甜瓜壮苗的实际效果和适宜的风速。本研究以不补风（V0）为对照,比较了风速分别为V1(0.1m/s)、V2(0.5m/s)、V3(0.9m/s)的机械补风处理对“伊丽莎白”厚皮甜瓜容器苗一些性状的影响。结果表明：补风处理后,茎粗、叶片厚度、全株干质量、子叶的叶绿素b含量增加,株高减小,其中后4个指标随着风速的增加变化越明显;与V0处理相比,V2和V3处理后,壮苗指数明显增大,其中V3处理后,根冠比明显增大,但真叶光合速率和叶绿素含量下降,而V2处理后,真叶数、根粗度增加,真叶光合速率和叶绿素含量上升。可见,增加空气流动明显提高了厚皮甜瓜容器苗质量,其中,0.5m/s的风速适宜在生产上使用。