Analytical Solution of Clamped Rectangular Thick Plate by Finite Integral Transform Method

简要介绍了国内外已筛选出的荔枝采后病害拮抗微生物的种类及其生物防治途径,并对拮抗菌的抑菌机理研究现状进行综述。同时,对我国果蔬采后病害拮抗微生物的商品化应用及今后该领域的发展方向也进行了阐述。     

荔枝采后病害的生物防治研究进展

简要介绍了国内外已筛选出的荔枝采后病害拮抗微生物的种类及其生物防治途径,并对拮抗菌的抑菌机理研究情况进行综述。同时,对我国荔枝采后病害生物防治的现状与存在的问题及今后该领域的发展方向也进行了阐述。     

果蔬菜后病害生物防治的研究进展

简要介绍了国内外已筛选出的荔枝采后病害拮抗微生物的种类及其生物防治途径,并对拮抗茵的抑茵机理研究现状进行综述.同时,对我国果蔬采后病害拮抗微生物的商品化应用及今后该领域的发展方向也进行了阐述.     

内生细菌TY-6对樱桃采后灰霉病菌的抑菌效果和定殖特性研究

为明确内生细菌对樱桃采后灰霉病菌的抑菌活性和定殖特性,本研究采用研磨法对樱桃果实内生细菌进行分离,并采用平板对峙法、针刺接种法、利福平抗性标记法和分子生物学手段对其离体抑菌活性、活体伤口定殖特性和系统发育树进行研究。结果表明,樱桃内生细菌TY-6对灰霉病菌具有良好抑菌活性,离体和活体抑菌效果分别为89.08%和79.18%,且在20℃和0℃下均可在樱桃果实伤口处稳定定殖,形成保护,稳定定殖后伤口处菌株数量分别为2.22×105CFU/g和1.15×105CFU/g;拮抗细菌TY-6经16S rRNA序列鉴定为Bacillus tequilensis。因此,拮抗细菌TY-6对樱桃采后灰霉病的防治具有良好的效果,可为樱桃采后病害微生物防治提供参考依据。     

冬枣采后病害生物防治用拮抗酵母菌的筛选

从冬枣、冬枣叶片表面及冬枣伤口处分离到412株酵母菌,通过平板对峙法和活体筛选法筛选到1株酵母菌(菌株编号J),鉴定为美极梅奇酵母菌,该酵母菌在冬枣表面有很强的定殖能力,对冬枣采后贮藏中的主要致病菌(链格孢菌和橘青霉)表现出明显的拮抗效果,并能降低冬枣贮藏过程中的自然腐烂率,保持良好的贮藏品质。因此,美极梅奇酵母菌适合作为冬枣采后病害的生物防治用菌种资源。     

生物防治在果蔬采后病害上的应用

概述了利用拮抗菌、诱导抗病性、天然抗病物质以及抗病基因工程等生物防治途径在果蔬采后病害控制上的应用现状及进展,为研究无公害的果蔬采后保鲜技术提供新思路。     

微生物菌剂拌土对盐碱地玉米茎基腐病的预防及促生效果

为了研制促进宁夏银北地区盐碱地玉米生长和预防茎基腐病的微生物菌剂。选取耐盐碱微生物为试验材料,采用平板拮抗法筛选镰刀菌等多种病原菌的拮抗菌、检测产酶能力及相容性,利用微生物菌剂田间拌土法测试对玉米茎基腐病的防病及促生效果。从177株喜盐和嗜碱菌中筛选出4株拮抗菌,产酶能力较强,B-2和N-16鉴定为索诺拉沙漠芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sonorensis)、N-17为短小芽胞杆菌 (B. pumilus)、B-26是副地衣芽胞杆菌(B. paralicheniformis);4株菌不互相抑制,以混合粉剂、土壤调节剂、微量元素和载体为主要成分的2种微生物菌剂JF和YF,拌土处理对宁夏玉米茎基腐病的预防效果在60%以上,具有明显的促生和增产效果。微生物菌剂JF和YF拌土可以促进宁夏银北地区盐碱地玉米生长和有效预防玉米茎基腐病,对于盐碱地资源的有效利用具有重要意义。     

柑橘绿霉病菌拮抗放线菌MY-5的筛选与鉴定

从广东省各地区水果园和蔬菜地采集土壤23份,采用稀释平板法分离获得放线菌212株。以柑橘绿霉病菌为目标菌,采用抑菌带测定法,筛选获得9株具有拮抗活性的菌株,其中菌株MY-5拮抗活性最强,抑菌带宽达18.67mm,同时对其它13种果蔬采后病害也有较强的拮抗作用。通过对菌株MY-5形态观察、培养特征、生理生化反应和16SrDNA鉴定,该菌株为链霉菌属吸水类群（Streptomyces hygroscopicus）。     

《保鲜与加工》杂志广告刊登办法

田世平，博士生导师，国家杰出青年基金获得者，并入选中国科学院“百人计划”。现任中国科学院植物研究所“果实采后生理病理学研究”领域首席研究员。主要从事果蔬产品采后生理病理学研究，包括采后果实在不同环境条件胁迫下的生理失调（褐变和冷害）和调控机制研究；控制果实采后病害的生物技术及机理研究；果实抗病性诱导及机理研究以及拮抗菌细胞凋亡及调控机制研究。     

1株生防枯草芽孢杆菌作为活体菌剂在小麦种子贮藏中的应用研究

生物防治是植物病害防治的重要手段之一,为了研究生物防治措施在小麦种子贮藏中的应用,试验以生防枯草芽孢杆菌JGA2(-5)27-2为研究对象,对其作为活体菌剂在小麦种子贮藏中的应用进行了初探。生防枯草芽孢杆菌JGA2(-5)27-2能产生植物激素细胞分裂素,并具有较广的真菌病害抗菌谱。小麦发芽试验表明,其作为活体菌剂处理小麦后发芽率提高了10.0%。模拟小麦种子吸湿回潮受真菌侵染的试验显示,活体菌剂处理过的小麦种子受侵染的程度低于对照。试验证明：利用生防菌株JGA2(-5)27-2作为活体菌剂在小麦种子贮藏中的应用具有一定的应用价值。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌防治果蔬采后病害研究进展

综述了解淀粉芽孢杆菌在果蔬采后病害防治上的应用及研究进展,归纳了解淀粉芽孢杆菌的筛选途径和研究现状,总结了解淀粉芽孢杆菌的控病作用机制和提高解淀粉芽孢杆菌作用效果的方法;指出解淀粉芽孢杆菌用于果蔬保鲜存在的诸如防效不稳定和商业化困难等问题,并提出与低量化学药剂混用和运用分子生物学手段研究抑菌机理等建议;最后,认为以解淀粉芽孢杆菌为主要成分的生物农药具有广阔的应用前景。     

芽孢杆菌在植物真菌病害防治中的应用

芽孢杆菌是一类革兰氏阳性菌,对多种植物的病原菌有拮抗作用,其生长迅速、抗逆性强、对环境友好,是国内外应用最广泛的生防菌之一。本文综述了目前国内外利用芽孢杆菌进行植物真菌病害防治的主要进展、防病机制及其应用情况,并对当前研究与应用中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

生防菌防治果蔬采后病害的研究进展

从生防菌抗逆性强、能够定殖于果实表面等特点,以及预防果蔬采收前后病害潜伏侵染途径等方面,阐述了多菌种联用、与化学杀菌剂联用、利用添加剂增强防效、与其它措施结合使用、构建基因工程菌等果蔬采后病害防治研究进展及相关应用概况。     

虾青素生物功能的研究进展

虾青素是一种红色类胡萝卜素,具有极强的抗氧化活性,它能够有效地清除体内的自由基和活性氧,在疾病预防和治疗中起着重要作用。就虾青素在心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、慢性炎症疾病、癌症、肝损伤、肥胖、糖尿病、皮肤疾病、眼科疾病、运动损伤、免疫力等方面的功能作用进行了概述。     

Control of blue mold of apple by combining controlled atmosphere,an antagonist mixture,and sodium bicarbonate

‘Golden Delicious’ apples were wound-inoculated with Penicillium expansum and treated with various combinations of sodium bicarbonate and two antagonists (Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Cryptococcus laurentii), and then stored in air or controlled atmosphere (CA = 1.4 kPa O₂ and 3 kPa CO₂) for 2 or 4 months at 1 °C. The antagonists survived and their populations increased during both air and CA storage. The antagonists alone reduced blue mold but were more effective when combined. Sodium bicarbonate tended to reduce lesion size when used with these antagonist, either when they were used alone or combined. Storage under CA conditions also increased the effectiveness of both antagonist, when used alone or in combination. The only treatment that completely eliminated P. expansum-incited decay was the combination of the two antagonists and sodium bicarbonate on fruit stored under CA conditions. The proper combination of alternative control measures can provide commercially acceptable long-term control of fruit decay and could help reduce our dependency on fungicides.     

Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in the yeast antagonist–fruit interaction: A new role for reactive oxygen species in postharvest biocontrol?

The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant defense responses against certain pathogens is well documented. There is some evidence that microbial biocontrol agents also induce a transient production of ROS in a host plant which triggers local and systemic defense responses to pathogens. The ability of biocontrol agents used to control postharvest diseases to induce defense-related oxidative responses in fruits, however, has not been explored. Here we show that the yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate greater levels of super oxide anion (O₂⁻) on intact fruit surfaces (poor in nutrients) then those applied on a nutrient-poor agar medium. Even though yeast antagonists show a high level of O₂⁻ on nutrient-rich media, when applied on fruits around wounds (areas abundant in nutrients) accumulation of O₂⁻, as detected by nitro blue tetrazolium staining, occurred much more rapidly on the latter. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H₂O₂ accumulation in host tissue. In citrus fruit, the level of H₂O₂ around inoculated wounds increased by 4-fold compared to controls (wounds inoculated with water) as early as 18 h after inoculation. Yeast continued to stimulate H₂O₂ production in citrus fruit up to 66 h after inoculation and H₂O₂ levels were still 3-fold above the control. Living yeast cells were detected in fruit wounds at this time point indicating the ability of M. fructicola to tolerate host ROS, which has been reported to be an intrinsic characteristic of efficient yeast antagonists. Similar increase in H₂O₂ accumulation around yeast-inoculated wounds was observed in apple fruit exocarp. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases.     

促黄体激素释放激素及其受体的研究进展

此文对促黄体激素释放激素及其受体的结构、分布、功能以及研究现状进行了阐述,归纳了促黄体激素释放激素的主要功能。促黄体激素释放激素的结构和分布特点对于进一步研究促黄体激素释放激素及其类似物抑制肿瘤、导向传递药物治疗癌症方面有重要的意义。     

Studies on Cotton Breeding Resistant to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt Diseases

Both Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are important soil-borne diseases,which can not be effectively controlled by chemical fungicides.The two diseases,especially Verticillium wilt,have spread all over the cotton belt,and obstructed the progress of cotton production in China in recent years.It has been proven that breeding and growing resistant cultivars is one of the most economical and effective measures to control these diseases.The program of breeding cotton for resistance to wilt diseases has been continuously studied in Industrial Crops Research Institute,Sighuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ICRI-SAAS) for more than 50 years.     

Treatment Experience on Simultaneous Sickness of Spleen and Lung and Methods of Treating the Spleen for Lung Diseases and Treating the Lung for Spleen Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Spleen and lung are closely related physiologically as they are of mother-and-child relationship and can influence each other in pathology. According to this,Chinese medicine puts forward " nurture earth( spleen) to grow gold( lung) ",referring to the method of treating the spleen for lung diseases and treating the lung for spleen diseases,and great effects have been achieved.     

基于U-Net的玉米叶部病斑分割算法

本文旨在提出一种基于U-Net算法模型的玉米病程分级方法,实现对玉米常见4类叶部病害程度的快速、准确、客观分级。该方法以两组U-Net模型并行运算实现对玉米叶部病斑图像的语义分割任务。经测试图像分割试验中病斑分割MIoU值达到93.63%,叶片分割MIoU值达到96.33%,且运算速度均在1秒内完成。试验结果表明,该研究以手机拍照等方式采集数据源,不依赖专业仪器设备即可实现玉米病害快速分级,可取代以往以人工目测进行的病害识别方式,提高了病害分级的准确性和客观性。该模型与物联网设备结合运用,可实现玉米病害预警、降低病害影响、增产增收科技惠农的目标。