矮败小麦连锁特性的遗传转移

以中国春小麦和中国春ｐｈｌｂ突变体为轮回父本，分别与我国特有遗传种质矮败小麦杂交并连续回交５次，实现了矮败小麦连锁特性向中国春小麦和中国春ｐｈｌｂ突变体的遗传转移；育成了同时含有Ｋｒ、Ｍｓ２、Ｒｈｔ１０基因的矮败中国春小麦和将基因Ｍｓ２、Ｒｈｔ１０、ｋｒ、ｐｈｌｂ集合于一体的矮败中国春ｐｈｌｂ突变体。组合矮败／ＣＳ＾４／／黑麦、矮败／ｐｈｌｂ＾４／／黑麦的杂交结实率分别为６４．１％和６７．８％。经     

杂交水稻新组合试验简报

为筛选出适应性广、抗逆性强、品质优、产量高的杂交水稻新组合，以促进杂交水稻的发展，特进行本试验。１　材料与方法１．１　供试品种（１）汕优多系１号（作对照）　　（２）Ｋ优４号（３）菲优多第１号（４）特优５９（５）Ｋ优５号（６）金优４６以上６个品种均由遵义市种子公司提供１．２　试验方法１．２．１　试验设计采用随机区组排列，３次重复，小区面积１０ｍ２，每个小区栽８行（４个宽窄行），退穴栽３０穴，重复间间隔３３ｃｍ，四周保护行与小区间距离为３３ｃｍ，栽插方式为宽窄行，宽行３３ｃｍ，窄行１６．７ｃｍ，株距…     

长江流域早籼新品种丰产稳产性和适应性分析

根据１９９８年南方稻区长江流域早籼品种区域试验的资料，运用ＡＭＭＩ模型分析了新育成的早籼新品种的丰产性，稳产性及其适应性。结果表明，早中熟组有６个品种产量超过了对照浙８５２，增产幅度达１．８％￣１７．２％；中迟熟组品种产量均低于对照威优４０２，但有５个品种产量超过对照浙７３３，增产幅度达２．１％￣９．７％，品种Ｆ１３１Ｓ／Ｒ４０２和ＣＫ１浙８５２的稳定性相对较好。中组１号，Ｋ优４０４，嘉早９３５和     

不同年代棉花品种产量构成、纤维品质及其系谱分析

对５０年来我国自育的有代表性的棉花品种２０份进行了比较研究，结果表明，棉花单产呈递增趋势，９０年代棉花品种比５０年代品种皮棉增产１７．７３％，平均每年增产皮棉３．３８４ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２，产量增加主要是衣分和单株结铃数增加所致，衣分呈递增趋势，年均递增０．１００２个百分点；单株结铃数增加１．６个。新品种的子指变小，衣指变大；棉花衣分与皮棉产量呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７００３＊＊），衣分对棉花产量贡献最大（ Ｐ３ｙ＝０．５８１０），单株铃数次之（Ｐ１ｙ＝０．２８５８），铃重最低（Ｐ２ｙ＝０．１３２６）。棉花纤维品质逐步得到改良，绒长变长，纤维强度变大；棉花遗传基础狭窄。     

花信灵在杂交水稻制种上的应用效果

配制杂交水稻Ⅱ优多系１号，母本花期应用硼砂，“花信灵”单施或混合施用，分别能提早母花时４０分钟、９０分钟、１２０分钟；提高颖花开颖率０．９７％、６．０９％、６．１６％；提高午前花频率２７．３９％、２９．６９％、３２．４６％；提高柱头外露率５．５０％、９．８２％、１０．６６％；提高结实率４．３７％、７．９９％、１０．９１％；增产６．９０％、１５．３０％、１７．３２％。尤以“花信灵”单用或与硼砂混合施     

对瑟伯氏棉和武安中棉的利用研究

１９７９～１９９５年期间，用瑟伯氏棉（Ｇ．ｔｈｕｒｂｅｒｉＴｏｄ）．武安中棉（Ｇ．ａｒｂｏｒｅｕｍＬ）与陆地棉栽培种进行种间杂文和复文，从其后代材料中，选育出６个丰产、优质、抗病新品系和５类３６份具有不同优良特性的新种质材料。（１）在分（４４．０％～４７．２％）种质。（２）纤维（３３．８０～４０．１０ｍｍ）种质。（３）纤维（强力４．５０～７．４６ｇ，细度６０１０～７７８０ｍ·ｇ￣（－１））种质。（４）纤维（主体长度２９．６６～４０．１０ｍｍ，红度５８２０～６２９０ｍ·ｇ￣（－１），强力４．００～５．３１ｍ·ｇ￣（－１））种质，（５）枯萎病指０．２１％～９．８９％，黄萎病指９．８０％～１９．８３％种质。这些新品系及新种质丰富了棉花种质资源的遗传基础，是培育高产优质多抗棉花新品种的宝贵材料。     

国外小麦种质资源在江苏淮北地区的利用

江苏淮北地区自５０年代初先后从３０多个国家引进１５００多个小麦品种。除少数几个直接利用外，间接利用有显著成效的计１０多个。共育成含早洋麦、早熟１号、欧柔、阿夫、Ｓ．ｔ．２７６４／５２５、叶考拉、Ｕ．Ｐ．３０１、山前麦、高加索、牛朱特等血统的品种３５个，占同期育成推广品种的９５％以上。对丰富育种遗传基础、促进良种更新换代和大幅度提高小麦产量起了重要作用。     

贵农系列小麦新品种的选育

８０年代后期,我们先后育成了贵农１０号,贵农１１号（原名贵丰一号）,贵农１２号等三个小麦新品种。三个品种中均有综抗矮２号,绵阳１１号,苏麦３号,Ａ５５２,Ｍａｒｉｓ ＴｅｍＰｌａｒ等亲本血缘。贵农系列小麦品种均属弱冬性,多穗型品种,每公顷有效穗可达１．５￣１．７万穗,穗粒数４０￣５０料,千粒重４０￣４５ｇ,公顷产达６３００￣７６５０ｋｇ,株高８０￣９０ｃｍ中早熟,穗长方型、长芒、红粒。抗旱,抗寒性强;高抗白粉病、条地为霉病。杆锈病均免疫,籽粒粗蛋白质含量１５．６％￣１７．９％,赖氨酸含量０．４０％￣０．４４％;湿面筋含量２６．５％￣２９．３％;适宜贵州高寒山区及周边省市高寒山区种植推广。自１９８７￣１９９９年,在个品种在省内外累计示范推广面积达１０６．６７万公顷。属贵州省两次大的小麦更新品种。累计增产小麦达３７     

水稻品系11509等广亲和性的鉴定研究

用７个水稻品系分别与籼、粳测验品种测交，配组合６０个。结果表明：“１１５０９”与籼型测验品种的杂种Ｆ＿１结实率均值为７７．０％，与粳型测验品种的杂种Ｆ＿１结实率均值为７４．６％，其结实率不受品种的影响，具有广谱广亲和性。     

培养基成分对红树莓不定芽分化的影响

培养基成分对红树莓不定芽分化会产生直接影响。试验结果表明：ＢＡ与ＩＢＡ配合使用诱导不定芽分化的效果优于ＫＴ与ＩＢＡ的配合使用和ＢＡ与ＩＡＡ和ＮＡＡ的配合使用。在１／２ＭＳ大量元素＋ＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ分化培养基中，不定芽分化率大于８０％；当ＢＡ增加到２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，不定芽的分化率最高（９５．６％）；３０－５０ｇ／Ｌ的蔗糖以及ＮＨ４ＮＯ３与ＫＮＯ３的适当比例有助于红树莓不定芽的     

Transfer of the recessive crossability allele kr1 from Chinese Spring into the winter wheat variety Martonvásári 9

Summary The recessive of crossability allele kr1 was transferred from the spring wheat variety Chinese Spring (CS) into the winter wheat variety Martonvásári 9 (Mv9) by backcrossing the Mv9 × CS hybrids with Mv9. The Mv9 variety possesses dominant Kr1 alleles and is heterogeneous at the kr2 locus, so that some individual plants carry recessive kr2 alleles. The selection of plants possessing the recessive kr alleles from the (Mv9 × CS)Mv9 BC₁ generation was carried out according to the seed set achieved when pollinated with rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Mercator). The partial dominance of the Kr alleles made it possible to differentiate between plants heterozygous at the Kr1 locus and Kr1Kr1 homozygous dominant plants. Two selfed consecutive progenies were tested by pollination with rye to select the homozygous recessive kr1kr1kr2kr2 plants and to check the result of the selection after each backcross.As a result of three backcrosses with Mv9 and two selfings after each backcross the selected progenies had 61.6% seed set with rye tested on sixty individual plants. These data confirm that after the third backcross the selected Mv9 kr1 line carries necessive crossability alleles Kr1 and Kr2, but the genotype is 93.75% Mv9.     

Crossability of some bread wheat landraces and improved cultivars from western Himalayas with rye

Summary Crossability of 62 bread wheat accessions (14 landraces from Himachal Pradesh and 48 others) was examined with rye. The 3 rye cultivars did not differ in their relative crossability with 4 of the wheat accessions studied. On the other hand, the wheat cultivars differed greatly among themselves in their crossability with rye. Most of the wheat cultivars showed poor (<10%) crossability. Two of the 14 landraces from Himachal Pradesh were found to be free from the crossability inhibitors as they showed very high (>50%) crossability, whereas none of the other 48 cultivars studied was so.     

Crossability percentages of bread wheat collections from Tibet,China with rye

Summary The crossability percentages of 282 accessions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected in Tibet, China with rye (Secale cereale L.) have been tested. Five collections have a similar to and 277 accessions have a lower crossability percentage than Chinese Spring or are non-crossable with rye. The accessions with high crossability percentage occur along the highway near Lhasa. No landraces with higher crossability than Chinese Spring and rare landraces with similar crossability to Chinese Spring indicated that the landraces in Tibet region are different from those in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Henan provinces in the distribution frequency of high crossability, and there is no distribution of recessive kr4 alleles.     

The crossability percentages of 96 bread wheat landraces and cultivars from Japan with rye

Summary Crossability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Japan with rye (Secale cereale L.) was investigated by controlled pollination. No normal seeds were produced, but numbers of shrivelled and small seeds with embryos were used to estimate crossability amongst the 96 accessions, viz: 0–10% (29), 10–30% (23), 30–50% (11), 50–90% (33). The investigation for the pedigrees of varieties with more than 50% crossability percentages showed that the kr alleles of some accessions derived from common ancestors.     

Crossability percentages of bread wheat landraces from Shaanxi and Henan provinces,China with rye

Summary The crossability percentages of 118 landraces of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Shaanxi and Henan provinces, China with rye (Secale cereale L.) have been tested. 14 landraces possess a higher crossability percentage than Chinese Spring, 30 landraces have a similar to and 74 landraces have a lower crossability percentage than Chinese Spring or are non-crossable with rye. Most landraces with high crossability percentage occur in south part of Shaanxi, and the west and southwest of Henan, their geographical distribution in these regions fits up with that in the Sichuan province.     

The site of action of crossability genes (Kr 1, Kr 2) between Triticum and Secale. II. Proportion of pistils containing pollen tubes and effects of alternate pollination on seed set

Summary Different wheat genotypes (T. aestivum) were crossed with rye to ascertain the site or sites of manifestation of the crossability genes, Kr ₁ and Kr ₂. By using fluorescence microscopy, it was found that the order of increasing proportion of wheat micropyles containing pollen tubes is strongly correlated with the levels of crossability with rye. High crossable genotypes have more micropyles containing pollen tubes than those of the low crossable ones. Most of the inhibition or retardation of pollen tubes occurred between the style base and top of the embryo sac, expecially with the low crossable genotypes where both Kr-genes are present. The results also indicate that Kr ₁ is a greater inhibitor than Kr ₂. Seed set is also highly correlated with the number or proportion of micropyles having pollen tubes. Alternate pollinations seem to support the view that rye pollen tubes do not reach the micropyles of the low crossable genotypes, and hence when repollinated with wheat selfed seeds are produced.     

The site of action of the crossability genes (Kr 1, Kr 2) between Triticum and Secale. I. Pollen germination,pollen tube growth,and number of pollen tubes

Summary Seven genotypes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed with rye (Secale cereale L.) in order to find the site or sites of action of the crossability genes, Kr ₁ and Kr ₂, of wheat. The data obtained, by fluorescence microscopy, were compared to the controls (wheat x wheat). The results indicate that the crossability genes have little effect on pollen germination and on the time taken for the pollen tubes to reach the microphyle, irrespective of their crossabilities with rye. The number of pollen tubes reaching the microphyle is, however, affected by the Kr-genes, as high crossable genotypes have more pollen tubes than the low crossable ones. There was a high correlation between the mean number of pollen tubes at the micropyle with seed set, which also reflects the crossability. The Kr-genes seem to manifest themselves in the retardation and inhibition of pollen tube growth between the style base and the top of the embryo sac, where the effect is most distinct in the low crossable genotypes.     

Genetic control of crossability of triticale with rye

Limited genetic knowledge is available regarding crossability between hexaploid triticale (2n= 6x= 42, 21″, AABBRR, amphiploid Triticum turgidum L.‐Secale cereale L.) and rye (2n= 14, 7″, RR). Our objectives were to determine (1) the crossability between triticales and rye and (2) the inheritance of crossability between F₂ progeny from intertriticale crosses and rye. First, ‘8F/Corgo’, a hexaploid triticale, was crossed as a female with two landrace ryes, ‘Gimonde’ and, ‘Vila Pouca’ and two derived north European cultivars, ‘Pluto’ and ‘Breno’. These crosses produced 21.7, 20.9, 5.9, and 5.6%, seed‐set or crossability, respectively, showing that the landrace ryes produced higher seed‐set than the cultivars. Second, ‘Gimonde’ rye was crossed as a male with four triticales for 3 years. The control cross, ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat × rye, produced 80‐90% seed‐set. Of the four triticales, ‘Beagle’ produced 35.7‐56.8% seed‐set. The other three triticales produced less than 20% seed‐set, showing that the triticales differ in crossability with ‘Gimonde’ rye. Third, six FiS from intertriticale crosses (‘8F/Corgo’בBeagle’, ‘Beagle’בCachirulo’, ‘Lasko’בBeagle’, ‘8F/Corgo’בCachirulo’, ‘Lasko’בCachirulo’, ‘Lasko’ב8F/Corgo’) were crossed to ‘Gimonde’ rye. Results indicated that lower crossability trait was partially dominant in the two F₁S from crosses involving ‘Beagle’(high crossability) with‘8F/Corgo’ and ‘Cachirulo’(low crossability) and completely dominant in the ‘Beagle’בLasko’ cross, as it happens in wheat. Fourth, segregants in four F₂ populations (‘Lasko’בBeagle’, ‘8F/Corgo’בBeagle’, ‘Lasko’ב8F/Corgo’, and‘8F/Corgo’בCachirulo’) were crossed with rye. Segregation for crossability was observed, although distinct segregation classes were blurred by environmental and perhaps other factors, such as self‐incompatibility alleles in rye. Segregation patterns showed that ‘Beagle’, with high crossability to rye, carries either Kr1 or Kr2. The three triticales with low crossability with rye were most likely homozygous for Kr1 and Kr2. Therefore, it is likely that the Kr loci from A and B genomes acting in wheat also play a role in triticale × rye crosses.     

Crossability of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats with ryes for primary triticale production

Summary Crossability of wheat and rye was investigated during thirteen crop cycles in two contrasting locations to 1) evaluate tetraploid and hexaploid wheat parents in crosses with rye, 2) identify genotypes with high crossability and 3) assess the impact of environment on seed development. The majority of the tetraploid wheats crossed with rye had seed set around 20%, but very low embryo viability. Several wheat genotypes with seed set above 50% were identified. The hexaploid wheats crossed with rye showed poor seed set, but plant recovery was relatively high. The majority of the hexaploid wheats with highest seed set (20–30%) were from China. The results suggest differences in crossability between the rye populations, and wheat species by rye interactions. The crossability of the tetraploid and hexaploid wheats was affected by climate in the two locations.     

Crossability percentages of bread wheat landraces from Sichuan Province,China with rye

Summary The crossabilities of 177 landraces of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Sichuan Basin and its adjacent mountain ranges with rye (Secale cereale L.) have been tested. 16 landraces possess a higher crossability than Chinese Spring, 34 landraces have a similar and 127 landraces have a lower crossability than Chinese Spring or are non-crossable with rye. Most landraces with high crossability occur in Qinling Mountain and Dabashan Mountain Ranges in north of Sichuan and the valleys of Minjiang River, Fujiang River and Jialinjiang River in Sichuan Basin.