共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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非生物胁迫对芍药属植物生长发育影响的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
芍药属植物在园林绿化等方面应用前景良好,但其在生长发育过程中不可避免地会遭遇各种各样的逆境胁迫,适度的胁迫可以促进植物生长,但过度的胁迫不仅能够抑制芍药属植物生长,导致植物根、茎、叶等在形态上发育不良,还会使植物内部有机物质、无机离子、酶等含量发生变化,甚至造成芍药属植物的死亡。本综述从非生物胁迫中的温度胁迫、光照胁迫、水分胁迫、盐碱胁迫以及重金属胁迫等方面入手,对非生物胁迫对芍药属植物形态和生理影响的研究现状进行了综述,旨在帮助人们了解芍药属植物的抗逆生理机制,并且为芍药属植物的研究和推广创造有利条件。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌是一类普遍的内生菌根真菌,能够与大多数陆生植物的根系形成共生菌根。大量的研究表明,AM真菌能够通过诱导植物体产生一些防御性蛋白,并且提高植物叶片及根系的抗氧化酶活力来增强植物的抗逆性、抗病性,与此同时也能促进植株生长,调节菌根根际土壤的理化环境和营养环境。为了系统了解AM真菌在农业生产上提高植物抗病性、抗逆性和促进植物生长发育的机制,本文归纳了近年来国内外关于AM真菌与植物共生能够促使植物产生防御性蛋白[如可溶性蛋白、病程相关蛋白(Pathogenesis related protein,PR-蛋白)]的机理及其提高防御酶活性等的最新研究进展,并分别概述了在生物胁迫、非生物胁迫和自然生长三种环境下,植物体的相关防御性蛋白和防御性酶活力受AM真菌的影响状况。最后指出AM真菌-根系共生蛋白在农业生产应用中的发展前景并对其进行了展望。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌是一类普遍的内生菌根真菌,能够与大多数陆生植物的根系形成共生菌根。为了系统了解AM真菌在农业生产上提高植物抗病性、抗逆性和促进植物生长发育的机制,本研究归纳了近年来国内外关于AM真菌与植物共生能够促使植物产生防御性蛋白[如可溶性蛋白、病程相关蛋白(Pathogenesis related protein,PR-蛋白)]的机理及其提高防御酶活性等的最新研究进展,并分别概述了在生物胁迫、非生物胁迫和自然生长3种环境下,植物体的相关防御性蛋白和防御性酶活力受AM真菌的影响状况。最后指出AM真菌-根系共生蛋白在农业生产应用中的发展前景并对其进行了展望。 相似文献
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非生物胁迫严重影响了百合的生产、生长发育过程,百合有应对高温、寒冷、干旱、高盐或激素ABA等非生物胁迫的能力,百合可以通过胁迫信号感知、信号激活、信号转录和转导,并通过一系列相应胁迫的基因的表达以及生理反应来响应非生物胁迫。百合对非生物胁迫的响应过程比较复杂,响应过程分为胁迫信号的接受与感受,信号的转导,转录调控基因的表达。本研究分别从转录组测序和蛋白质组学方面,对百合响应非生物胁迫的基因表达机理及百合在非生物胁迫分子机制成果进展进行总结阐述,并讨论了培育抗逆性强的百合品种的前景,为百合分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
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脱落酸(ABA)生物学作用研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
脱落酸(ABA)是目前公认的五大植物激素之一,本文主要综述了ABA在植物生长发育、非生物胁迫和生物胁迫中的多重作用,如在植物生长发育中ABA促进器官脱落、种子成熟和休眠,调节气孔,抑制种子萌发、生长和加速衰老,调节种子胚的发育及开花;在非生物胁迫中ABA可以促进植物对非生物胁迫的耐性,因此,ABA也称为应激激素或胁迫激素;在生物胁迫中ABA随着病原菌种类和入侵方式的不同起正调控或者负调控的作用。最后笔者对ABA在生物胁迫中的作用进行了展望,如其参与植物防御的动力学研究、作用方式及与其它激素信号的互作等有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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三烯脂肪酸在高等植物逆境胁迫应答中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三烯脂肪酸(trienoic fatty acids,TAs)是高等植物细胞膜脂中主要的不饱和脂肪酸。三烯脂肪酸不仅是膜的组成成分,而且可以调节植物对温度、盐、干旱等非生物胁迫以及病害等生物胁迫的适应性。本文介绍了高等植物三烯脂肪酸及其相应的脂肪酸去饱和酶,重点综述了三烯脂肪酸在各种逆境胁迫应答中的作用。在低温、盐、干旱等非生物逆境胁迫下,植物体中三烯脂肪酸的含量增加,以维持膜的流动性和稳定性,降低逆境对膜结构和功能的损害,从而增强植物的抗逆性。在病虫害等生物逆境胁迫下,三烯脂肪酸可能做为合成茉莉酸或其它oxylipins的前体参与植物对生物胁迫应答的防卫反应,也可能独立引发植物体产生系统获得性抗性。 相似文献
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R. J. Baker 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):67-72
The objective of breeding for stress tolerance is to improve productivity for a target level of stress. If tolerance is viewed as resistance to change in productivity with increasing stress, productivity under stress depends not only on stress tolerance, but also on maximum productivity. Index selection theory indicates that selection in non-stress environments will be more effective than direct selection for productivity under stress whenever the correlation between the two types of environments exceeds the heritability of productivity under stress. With high genetic correlation, selection should be conducted within a level of stress that maximizes heritability. In cases where heritability under non-stress is much higher than under stress, an index combining data from stress and non-stress environments is expected to be more efficient than selection based on evaluation only within stress environments.Secondary traits will be useful in breeding for productivity under stress whenever they have high heritability and high genetic correlation with productivity under stress. For some abiotic stresses and many biotic stresses, heritability will be highest in the presence of stress and indirect or index selection will be of limited value. 相似文献
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Summary The wheat area in developing countries, including China, is around 100 million ha. To address the needs of these very diverse wheat growing areas, CIMMYT has defined 12 wheat mega-environments (ME). A ME is defined as broad, not necessarily continuous often transcontinental area with similar biotic and abiotic stresses, cropping systems and consumer preferences. The factors describing each ME are presented.CIMMYT's breeding methodology is centered around the development of widely adapted germplasm with high and stable yield across a wide range of environments. Segregating populations are alternating screened in two diverse environments in Mexico. One key requirement is that all germplasm is tested under near optimum conditions for its yield potential. The second one is multi-locational testing of advanced lines at sites that represent a given ME (key locations) and careful screening of germplasm for tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses specific to that environment. This methodology has permitted the pyramiding of a large number of multiple resistance genes for use against a wide spectrum of diseases and tolerance to abiotic stresses within each ME. In addition, the widespread testing of lines allows the identification of traits which are beneficial in several environments. Data from international nurseries are used to further delineate environments within an ME. This approach has proven to be successful since around 70% of the spring wheat area in developing countries (excluding China) is planted to varieties derived directly or indirectly from CIMMYT germplasm. The performance of the bread wheat cultivar Pastor in international trials is given as an example for a wide adaptation. 相似文献
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作为固着生物,外界生物胁迫和非生物胁迫极大地影响植物的正常生长发育。可逆的蛋白磷酸化作为真核生物体内最普遍的翻译后修饰之一,在植物抵御外界胁迫过程中起着最主要的作用。本综述重点总结了近年来植物在低温、盐渍和干旱等胁迫响应中的蛋白磷酸化研究进展,分析与讨论了其中重要的激酶和磷酸酶的作用,并对此方面的研究热点做了展望。深入了解蛋白磷酸化修饰在植物应对非生物胁迫信号通路中的重要作用及意义,有助于耐胁迫作物的选育。 相似文献
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成熟和衰老是果实生长发育中的重要过程,直接影响果实贮藏性能及采后品质。植物在生长发育过程中,会经常受到各种生物胁迫和非生物胁迫,严重影响作物产量和采后贮藏品质。NAC是植物特有的重要转录因子家族之一,在植物生长发育和胁迫应答等过程中发挥着重要的调节功能。本文综述植物NAC转录因子的结构特点、表达调控及其在生长发育和胁迫应答中的研究现状,展望NAC转录因子的应用前景及今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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Biotechnology approaches to overcome biotic and abiotic stress constraints in legumes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miguel A. Dita Nicolas Rispail Elena Prats Diego Rubiales Karam B. Singh 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):1-24
Summary Biotic and abiotic stresses cause significant yield losses in legumes and can significantly affect their productivity. Biotechnology
tools such as marker-assisted breeding, tissue culture, in vitro mutagenesis and genetic transformation can contribute to solve or reduce some of these constraints. However, only limited
success has been achieved so far. The emergence of “omic” technologies and the establishment of model legume plants such as
Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus are promising strategies for understanding the molecular genetic basis of stress resistance, which is an important bottleneck
for molecular breeding. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the expression of stress-related genes is a fundamental
issue in plant biology and will be necessary for the genetic improvement of legumes. In this review, we describe the current
status of biotechnology approaches in relation to biotic and abiotic stresses in legumes and how these useful tools could
be used to improve resistance to important constraints affecting legume crops. 相似文献
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我国干旱地区多,蔬菜用水量大,水资源紧缺。渗透胁迫是影响作物生长、发育和产量的最重要的非生物胁迫之一。植物的抗渗透胁迫性是受多基因控制的复杂性状。研究植物抗逆机理,将植物抗渗透胁迫相关基因导入蔬菜,可为培育蔬菜节水抗旱新品种奠定必须的材料基础,对缓解水资源危机具有重要的意义。本文从植物体对渗透胁迫信号的感知、转导以及渗透胁迫对植物生理和代谢的影响两方面简要总结了植物抗渗透胁迫作用的分子和生理机制,重点介绍了蔬菜抗渗透胁迫基因工程的新进展,并对通过基因工程手段提高蔬菜抗渗透胁迫能力需要进一步关注的问题进行了探讨,对其前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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MYB转录因子是在真核生物细胞内广泛存在的一类转录因子蛋白,在植物的生长发育、代谢调节、抗病抗逆、以及激素介导的信号路径等方面都发挥着重要的作用。本研究从海岛棉品种海7124中克隆得到一个MYB转录因子基因,根据序列同源性和进化分析,将其命名为GbMYB60。该基因序列长990 bp,编码一个36.9 kD的R2R3类MYB转录因子蛋白。GbMYB60蛋白被特异地定位于植物细胞核。GbMYB60基因的表达水平较低,在真叶中优势表达,根系中表达量最低。该基因受甘露醇、NaCl、低温、高温等非生物逆境,以及脱落酸、乙烯利、茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸等植物激素的诱导上调表达。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术在海岛棉中干涉GbMYB60发现,降低GbMYB60基因的表达水平,使棉花幼苗对高盐胁迫的耐受性降低;但GbMYB60干涉的植株在甘露醇溶液的处理下与对照植株并无显著的抗性差异。 相似文献