共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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本文对国内外作物品质性状遗传规律的研究进展进行综述,并对今后作物主要品质性状的遗传研究和育种利用进行了展望. 相似文献
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稻米品质遗传研究进展与改良策略探讨 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17
在系统总结前人稻米品质遗传研究成就的基础上,简要分析了品质改良所面临的主要问题。在北方粳稻品质改良中,应放弃过分强调低直链淀粉含量、软胶稠度的目标,把选育直链淀粉含量中等、胶稠度中、碱消值高作为品质改良的目标;北方粳米应把适当降低蛋白质含量、提高粗脂肪含量作为全面改善稻米品质的重要手段;在早籼稻品质改良中主要的目标并不是一味的降低直链淀粉含量,育种家应把重点放在提高胶稠度和碱消值上,应重视适当降低蛋白质含量、提高粗脂肪含量在改善早籼稻品质的重要作用。 相似文献
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棉子品质性状的遗传研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本研究采用6个陆地棉亲本的Griffing双列杂交设计模式Ⅱ对5个棉子品质性状进行了Hayman双列遗传模型分析.结果表明,种子蛋白质和油分百分含量、种子蛋白质和油分指数及仁指都适合“加性—显性”模型.种子蛋白质百分含量和指数以显性效应为主且表现超显性;种子油分百分含量和指数以加性效性应为主且表现部分显性;仁指加性和显性效应都较重要,接近完全显性.在所研究的亲本中,不同性状的显、隐性基因频率,正负效应基因的比例,显、隐性基因的方向及狭义遗传力等都明显不同. 相似文献
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采用数量性状的加性-显性遗传模型和统计分析方法,对陆地棉30个杂交亲本及其部分F1的纤维长度、整齐度、马克隆值、强度等纤维品质性状进行分析,估算各项遗传方差分量、参试亲本的加性效应值以及组合的显性效应值。结果表明,纤维长度、整齐率、强度受显性与加性遗传效应共同控制,其中以加性效应为主,而马克隆值主要受基因的显性效应控制。各主要纤维品质性状遗传率均较小,选择时宜在中晚期世代。 A5、A9、A17、A20、A28和A30等亲本可以作为杂交后代提高纤维品质性状的首选亲本材料加以利用。 相似文献
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红麻遗传连锁图谱的构建和性状的基因定位,可促进红麻的分子辅助育种研究的发展。本研究以埃及的阿联红麻与福建农林大学育成的高产优质抗病新品种福红992杂交,F1和F2自交衍生162个F2:3家系为材料,在笔者已完成的红麻遗传连锁图谱构建的工作基础上,对红麻的叶柄色、叶形、花冠大小、花冠形状、后期茎色5个质量性状进行基因定位。用Mapmaker/Exp 3.0软件进行连锁分析,结果表明,后期茎色基因与叶柄色基因连锁,存在紧密的连锁关系,其遗传距离为2.8 cM,定位于第5条连锁群;花冠大小与花冠形状这2个基因之间也存在一定的连锁关系,其遗传距离为14.7 cM,定位于第6条连锁群,叶型与花冠大小和花冠形状的遗传距离分别为38.2 cM 与23.5 cM,虽然都定位于第6条连锁群,但是否存在连锁关系有待进一步研究。所获结果在红麻遗传学和育种学上有一定的现实意义和分子辅助育种实用价值。 相似文献
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《作物杂志》2025,41(1)
为拓宽国内小麦种质资源的遗传背景;提供优异亲本材料;以141份国内外小麦种质资源为试验材料;通过变异分析、遗传多样性分析、聚类分析和灰色关联分析等对15个主要性状进行综合评价。结果表明;农艺性状的变异系数(CV)为6.87%~48.18%;其中穗颈长CV最大;总小穗数最小;6个品质性状的CV为2.55%~ 23.90%;其中沉降值的CV最大;淀粉最小;遗传多样性指数(H')为1.08~2.09;水分最低;株高最高。聚类分析将141份小麦种质资源分为6个类群;各类群间均具有显著优异的性状。对141份种质资源进行特异性分析可知;中国和墨西哥的材料在7个主要育种性状间无显著差异;其他地区材料相对偏高;美国、欧洲和澳大利亚种质的穗粒数相对较少;美国材料的千粒重最低;其次为加拿大和欧洲材料;加拿大的材料湿面筋含量最高。灰色关联度分析结果表明;CM98、CM26、CM84、CM99和CM24等18个种质资源的综合性状优良;可作为小麦品种农艺和品质性状改良以及新品种选育的优良亲本。 相似文献
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Using CROPGRO-Chickpea model (revised version), we investigated the impacts of climate change on the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at selected sites in South Asia (Hisar, Indore and Nandhyal in India and Zaloke in Myanmar) and East Africa (Debre Zeit in Ethiopia, Kabete in Kenya and Ukiriguru in Tanzania). We also investigated the potential benefits of incorporating drought and heat tolerance traits in chickpea using the chickpea model and the virtual cultivars approach. As compared to the baseline climate, the climate change by 2050 (including CO2) increased the yield of chickpea by 17% both at Hisar and Indore, 18% at Zaloke, 25% at Debre Zeit and 18% at Kabete; whereas the yields decreased by 16% at Nandhyal and 7% at Ukiriguru. The yield benefit due to increased CO2 by 2050 ranged from 7 to 20% across sites as compared to the yields under current atmospheric CO2 concentration; while the changes in temperature and rainfall had either positive or negative impact on yield at the sites. Yield potential traits (maximum leaf photosynthesis rate, partitioning of daily growth to pods and seed-filling duration each increased by 10%) increased the yield of virtual cultivars up to 12%. Yield benefit due to drought tolerance across sites was up to 22% under both baseline and climate change scenarios. Heat tolerance increased the yield of chickpea up to 9% at Hisar and Indore under baseline climate, and up to 13% at Hisar, Indore, Nandhyal and Ukiriguru under climate change. At other sites (Zaloke, Debre Zeit and Kabete) the incorporation of heat tolerance under climate change had no beneficial effect on yield. Considering varied crop responses to each plant trait across sites, this study was useful in prioritizing the plant traits for location-specific breeding of chickpea cultivars for higher yields under climate change at the selected sites in South Asia and East Africa. 相似文献
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吉林省近年来绿豆品种遗传改良过程中主要农艺性状的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以吉林省1986 ~2011年育成的23个绿豆品种为试验材料,研究了绿豆产量及与产量相关农艺性状的变化.结果表明,吉林省绿豆产量在1986 ~ 2011年间的品种改良过程中提高了22.99%,单株荚数、单荚粒数和单株产量都显著增加,说明随着育成年代的推进,新育成绿豆品种的库容在扩大.单株荚数、单荚粒数、单株产量、荚长与产量呈显著正相关,其中单株荚数与产量呈极显著正相关,表明单株荚数是决定产量的主要因素.叶片长与叶片宽随育成年代的推移变化不显著,但叶片宽与产量呈显著正相关.株高、主茎节数和分枝数随育成年代的推移而显著降低,其中主茎节数呈极显著相关,且株高和主茎节数与产量呈显著负相关,分枝数与产量呈不显著正相关.表明吉林省绿豆高产育种目标应放在增“源”扩“库”上,在适当增加百粒重的基础上,选择荚多、荚长的新品种. 相似文献
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Breeding has greatly increased yields of many crops, but the contributions of particular morphological, phenological and physiological traits to these higher yields are rarely well understood. In the past 50 years, California processing tomato yields per hectare have more than doubled. This study evaluated a group of important processing tomato cultivars released over the past 80 years in California. The objective was to assess how a suite of traits might be associated with genetic improvement for yield gains. A wide array of morphological, physiological and phenological traits and relevant environmental variables was evaluated in the field for a discrete set of eight cultivars originating from a common ancestor. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze the set of 95 variables to understand how cultivars became adapted to a more mechanized agronomic management while also producing higher yields. No single trait seems to have driven yield increases. Instead, distinct assemblies of traits characterize the processing tomato cultivars in different eras. For instance, certain phenological traits (early flowering and concentrated fruit set) were associated with a set of morphological traits (smaller canopies and low vegetative biomass), along with gains in physiological traits (biomass N concentration and photosynthetic rates) in modern varieties. These results provide a platform to examine new suites of traits that could be relevant for future breeding and crop improvement. 相似文献