棉花窄卷苞叶基因fg的精细定位

【目的】窄卷苞叶可以减少棉花苞叶碎屑的附着，有助于降低机采棉含杂率。对棉花窄卷苞叶基因fg进行精细定位，为该基因的图位克隆和育种利用提供参考。【方法】以陆地棉T582为母本，分别与父本陆地棉TM-1、海岛棉3-79杂交构建2个F2分离群体；其中群体1(T582×TM-1)包含370个单株，群体2(T582×3-79)包含2 667个单株。根据TM-1和3-79参考基因组数据，利用开发的插入缺失（insertion-deletion, Indel）标记对fg进行精细定位。利用棉花功能基因组学和多组学数据，对定位区间内的基因进行功能注释及表达模式分析。【结果】遗传分析结果表明，棉花窄卷苞叶由隐性单基因控制。在前人对fg基因初定位的基础上，进一步将窄卷苞叶基因fg定位在A03染色体分子标记M3与M4之间，区间大小为188 kb。预测定位区间内有14个注释的功能基因。其中，Gh＿A03G021700、Gh＿A03G021900、Gh＿A03G022600和Gh＿A03G022700基因在花萼、副萼中的表达量较高。【结论】棉花窄卷苞叶fg基因被精细定位在A03染色体188 kb区间内，并初步分析...     

甜玉米雄性不育突变体ms2020的表型分析和基因定位

为将雄性不育基因应用于甜玉米杂交制种中，达到降低劳动成本且保证种子纯度的目的。以来源于甜玉米自交系K78的雄性不育自发突变体male sterility 2020(ms2020)为材料，构建ms2020与甜玉米自交系M08的F₁及相应的F₂遗传群体，通过表型鉴定、遗传分析和基因定位研究ms2020甜玉米雄性不育突变体。表型鉴定结果表明：F₁群体均表现为雄性可育，F₂群体出现了育性分离。不育植株能够正常抽雄，但花药不开裂、散粉异常，花药变小且颜色淡黄；1%I₂-KI染色发现不育植株的花药内包含不能正常着色的败育花粉粒。遗传分析结果表明：育性正常植株与不育植株的比例符合3∶1,表明ms2020雄性不育突变体是由单基因控制的隐性突变体。利用BSA技术，初步将目的基因定位在7号染色体短臂上；随后利用初定位区间内的20对SSR标记对不育基因进行定位，将不育基因精细定位在标记S1和W10之间，物理距离为11.30 kb。该区间内包含Zm00001d018802和Zm00001d018803...     

谷子条纹叶突变体wsl2的鉴定及候选基因分析

谷子叶色突变体是探究叶绿体发育机制和C4光能利用率的理想材料之一。为了研究谷子叶色突变的分子机制,从谷子主推品种长农35号的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变库中筛选鉴定到一个苗期条纹叶突变体wsl2,通过表型鉴定、遗传背景检测和遗传分析,同时利用MutMap方法快速精细定位突变基因,并根据突变位点开发共分离分子标记等方面对该突变体进行研究。结果表明,wsl2在苗期表现为条纹叶表型,但从拔节期开始恢复为正常叶片表型;wsl2与野生型遗传背景相同且wsl2受一个隐性核基因控制;MutMap精细定位的关联区间内包含9个非同义突变基因,其中,Seita.9G561800是一个编码与叶绿体相关的PsbP蛋白基因,含有6个外显子和5个内含子,在第1外显子77 bp处发生G/T碱基突变,导致一个精氨酸(R)突变成亮氨酸(L)。根据突变碱基设计了dCAPS标记MRI498-1(Cac8Ⅰ)和共分离标记MRI501-3,进一步验证了wsl2突变体的候选基因突变位点。研究鉴定了一个新的条纹叶突变体wsl2,对PsbP基因光合作用反应机制的进一步研究奠定了理论基础,丰富了谷子叶色突变体资源,同时验证了MutMap方法克隆谷子突变基因的有效性。     

陆地棉光敏雄性不育基因ys-1的遗传分析与初步定位

【目的】精细定位和克隆陆地棉光敏雄性不育基因。【方法】从陆地棉中040029的航天诱变后代中选育出新型光敏雄性不育系中9106,以中9106与11个陆地棉材料配制杂交组合,初步分析了中9106的杂种优势。以中9106为母本与陆地棉乐土603构建遗传分离群体F1、F2,分析不育性状的遗传特征。利用集团分离分析法筛选简单序列重复(Simple sequence repeat,SSR),并在包含186个单株的中9106×乐土603 F2群体中用上述SSR初步定位不育基因。【结果】中9106为母本×陆地棉乐土603的F1单株育性均表现正常,而F2群体中的可育单株数∶不育单株数符合3∶1的分离比,推测中9106的不育性状受1对隐性核基因控制。利用集团分离分析法从16 544对SSR中筛选到18对与该不育基因连锁的标记。利用中9106×乐土603的F2群体和18对SSR标记,将不育基因定位于D12染色体,位于标记NAU3442与CGR6339之间,遗传距离均为0.2c M,将该不育基因命名为ys-1。【结论】本研究有助于ys-1的精细定位及其克隆。     

水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育恢复基因Rf3的定位

以珍汕97A/明恢63的F2群体为材料，应用SSR标记对水稻野败型恢复基因Rf3进行定位。该试验从F2分离群体中筛选出119个极端不育单株组成隐性基因定位群体。针对水稻第1染色体短臂Rf3所在染色体的可能区间，应用37个SSR标记检测亲本，从16个多态性标记中挑选出9个检测定位群体。结果表明物理位置连续排列的SSR标记RM10353、RM1195和RM3746各有8个单株与Rf3基因发生了单交换，且重组子数表现为最少，据此可将Rf3定位于这3个标记的两侧标记内。因此最终将Rf3定位在相距679.9 kb的SSR标记RM10338和RM10376之间。     

的定位

 以珍汕97A/明恢63的F2群体为材料，应用SSR标记对水稻野败型恢复基因Rf3进行定位。该试验从F2分离群体中筛选出119个极端不育单株组成隐性基因定位群体。针对水稻第1染色体短臂Rf3所在染色体的可能区间，应用37个SSR标记检测亲本，从16个多态性标记中挑选出9个检测定位群体。结果表明物理位置连续排列的SSR标记RM10353、RM1195和RM3746各有8个单株与Rf3基因发生了单交换，且重组子数表现为最少，据此可将Rf3定位于这3个标记的两侧标记内。因此最终将Rf3定位在相距679.9 kb的SSR标记RM10338和RM10376之间。     

甜瓜果皮颜色遗传分析及基因定位

为探究甜瓜皮色性状的遗传规律，定位目标性状关联的遗传位点，选用黄皮材料B432 和绿皮材料B168、B421 为亲本，构建6 世代遗传群体(P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1P1、BC1P2)，用于分析甜瓜皮色性状的遗传规律；同时，利用BSA-seq 和全基因组重测序技术，定位控制甜瓜皮色的基因。结果表明，甜瓜皮色由2对基因控制，其中绿色对白色具有显性上位性效应，白色对黄色为显性。同时，将皮色相关基因分别定位于4 号染色体和10 号染色体的0.02~5.7 Mb和0.08~9.5 Mb区间。试验初步定位了控制甜瓜皮色的基因，为后续进行基因精细定位提供依据，为开展甜瓜皮色的分子标记辅助选择奠定基础。     

水稻白化转绿基因Gra3的精细定位及遗传分析

本研究鉴定到一份水稻苗期白化转绿突变体,该突变体在幼苗的2叶到4叶期会出现叶片边缘白化,4叶期后转绿,对突变体和野生型农艺性状比较研究表明,前期白化不会对植株生长发育及产量等相关性状产生影响;同时,对两者叶绿体超微结构对比分析发现,突变体叶绿体发育在白化期受到一定程度的抑制。通过构建F2分离群体,调查了部分F2单株表型,结果表明白化型和野生型单株符合1:3的孟德尔单基因分离比,遂将该基因命名为Gra3;利用分离群体分析法(bulked segregant analysis,BSA)和隐性群体分析法(recessive-class analysis,RCA)最终将Gra3定位于RM14436和RM14450之间,对应日本晴基因组片段125 kb。该性状可作为一个形态学标记应用于水稻生产。     

甘蓝型油菜桔红花色基因Bnpc2紧密连锁标记的开发及其应用

培育出带有标记性状的甘蓝型油菜桔红花色恢复系,在杂交种制种过程中可以起到指示作用来去除恢复系杂株,从而提高杂交种纯度和产量。开发与甘蓝型油菜桔红花色基因紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于快速培育出甘蓝型油菜桔红花色恢复系。前期研究表明,甘蓝型油菜桔红花色性状受Bnpc1和Bnpc2两对隐性核基因控制,并将Bnpc1定位到151 kb的区间范围内。本研究以BC3分离群体(即与轮回亲本回交三代且经过等位性检验仅在Bnpc2位点处发生分离的群体)为材料,利用AFLP和SSR标记技术对基因Bnpc2进行了基因定位,获得18个与Bnpc2紧密连锁的分子标记,其中两侧最近的标记分别为4个共分离的SSR标记(BnA09-19, BnA09-22, BnA09-24, BnA09-25)和P11/MC02,它们与目的基因的遗传距离分别为0.12和1.74 cM,标记间的遗传距离为1.86 c M,因而甘蓝型油菜桔红花色基因Bnpc2被锁定在1.86 cM的区间范围内。同时,筛选得到1个与基因Bnpc2紧密连锁的共显性标记BnA09-22。利用与基因Bnpc1和Bnpc2紧密连锁的共显性标记进行分子标记辅助育种,选育出1个甘蓝型油菜桔红花色恢复品系4750R,并进行了三系配套,审定了甘蓝型油菜杂交种‘青杂15号’。     

青海大黄油菜Brsc1基因的精细定位及图谱整合

大黄油菜是源于青海湟源的地方品种,种皮颜色鲜黄,其大黄油菜的黄籽性状受1对隐性基因(Brsc1)控制,该基因被定位于白菜A9染色体上一段1.7 Mb的区间内。为了更好地利用这一黄籽资源,对Brsc1基因进一步精细定位。利用青海大黄油菜和褐籽白菜型油菜09A-126构建BC4及F2分离群体。利用白菜同源区段内已公布的SSR标记,同时利用该区段序列信息开发新的SSR引物,共获得6个与目标基因紧密连锁的标记(Br ID10711、Br A5~Br A9),其中Br A5与目标基因共分离,Br A9为一侧最近标记,它与目标基因之间的遗传图距为0.69 c M。至此,Brsc1基因进一步被限定于标记Y06和Br A9之间约1.2 Mb的区间内。利用本研究中获得的标记检测F2群体中3种类型单株,鉴定出一个共显性标记Br A8。将本研究中获得的SSR标记与前人研究结果进行整合,加密了Brsc1基因所在区间的标记密度。同时,特异片段与拟南芥基因组进行序列比对的结果表明,共有5个标记与拟南芥的第1染色体有较好的共线性关系,暗示Brsc1基因的同源基因可能位于拟南芥的第1染色体上。本研究中获得的标记将为Brsc1基因的克隆及利用Brsc1基因进行黄籽油菜的分子辅助育种提供有利条件。     

玉米穗行数主效位点qKRN5.04精细定位与遗传效应解析

穗行数是影响玉米产量的重要因素之一,其遗传机制解析和关键基因精细定位对开展分子育种具有重要的意义。本研究以穗行数仅有4行的"四路糯系选"和多穗行自交系"农531"(18~22行)为亲本,构建了高代回交群体和次级定位群体(四路糯选系为供体亲本,农531为轮回亲本)。通过对不同类型试验群体的多环境表型鉴定和基因型鉴定,利用完备区间作图法(ICIM)进行穗行数主效QTL定位分析,将穗行数主效位点q KRN5.04定位到第5染色体136.3~140.0 Mb的区间之内;遗传效应分析发现,该位点在不同环境条件下最大可解释的表型变异为21.76%,效应值为0.80~1.76行。通过次级分离群体重组事件分析可将其进一步定位到~300 kb区间内。本研究结果不仅为分子标记辅助选择提供了实用的In Del标记,而且为玉米穗行数主效位点q KRN5.04的图位克隆和候选基因挖掘奠定了重要的基础。     

Inheritance of rust resistance genes and molecular markers in microspore-derived populations of flax

The inheritance patterns of rust resistance genes and molecular markers in microspore‐derived populations of flax were investigated. Plants were produced from anther culture of F₁ plants from two crosses. Microspore‐derived plants in anther culture of flax were identified using molecular markers. Two rust resistance genes and three out of six molecular markers were inherited in expected Mendelian ratios in microspore‐derived populations. Distorted segregation for the other three molecular markers was shown to be the result of over‐representation of genomic fragments from the more responsive parent in the F₁ donor plant. The implication of this study in relation to androgenesis and flax breeding using anther culture is discussed.     

Chromosomal regions controlling anther culturability in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Diallel analysis has revealed that anther culturability in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a quantitative trait controlled by the nuclear genome. Mapping of anther culturability is important to increase the efficiency for green plant regeneration from microspores. In the previous study, we detected distorted segregation of RFLP markers in rice populations derived from the anther culture of an F₁ hybrid between a japonica cultivar ‘Nipponbare’ and an indica cultivar ‘Milyang 23’. To clarify the association between chromosomal regions showing distorted segregation and anther culturability, the anther culturability of doubled haploid lines derived from the same cross combination was examined, and the association between alleles of the RFLP markers, which exhibiting the most distorted segregation on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 10 and 11, and the anther culturability was evaluated. One region on chromosome 1 was found to control callus formation from microspores, and one region on chromosome 10 appeared to control the ratio of green to albino regenerated plants. In both regions, the Nipponbare allele had positive effects. Three regions on chromosomes 3, 7 and 11, however, showed no significant effect on anther culturability. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Molecular mapping of two recessive genes controlling resistance to bacterial leaf pustule disease in soybean (Glycine max)

Bacterial leaf pustule (BLP) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is a serious soybean disease. A BLP resistant genotype ‘TS-3’ was crossed with a BLP susceptible genotype ‘PK472’, and a segregating F₂ mapping population was developed for genetic analysis and mapping. The F₂ population segregation pattern in 15:1 susceptible/resistance ratio against Xag inoculum indicated that the resistance to BLP in ‘TS-3’ was governed by two recessive genes. A total of 12 SSR markers, five SSR markers located on chromosome 2 and seven SSR markers located on chromosome 6 were identified as linked to BLP resistance. One of the resistance loci (r1) was mapped with flanking SSR markers Sat_183 and BARCSOYSSR_02_1613 at a distance of 0.9 and 2.1 cM, respectively. Similarly, SSR markers BARCSOYSSR_06_0024 and BARCSOYSSR_06_0013 flanked the second locus (r2) at distances of 1.5 and 2.1 cM, respectively. The identified two recessive genes imparting resistance to BLP disease and the SSR markers tightly linked to these loci would serve as important genetic and molecular resources to develop BLP resistant genotypes in soybean.     

Fine mapping of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xantha</Emphasis> mutation in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

The recessive mutation of the XANTHA gene (XNT) transforms seedlings and plants into a yellow color, visually distinguishable from normal (green) rice. Thus, it has been introduced into male sterile lines as a distinct marker for rapidly testing and efficiently increasing varietal purity in seed and paddy production of hybrid rice. To identify closely linked markers and eventually isolate the XNT gene, two mapping populations were developed by crossing the xantha mutant line Huangyu B (indica) with two wild type japonica varieties; a total of 1,720 mutant type F₂ individuals were analyzed for fine mapping using polymorphic InDel markers and high dense microsatellite markers. The XNT gene was mapped on chromosome 11, within in a fragment of ~100 kb, where 13 genes are annotated. The NP_001067671.1 gene within the delimited region is likely to be a candidate XNT gene, since it encodes ATP-dependent chloroplast protease ATP-binding subunit clp A. However, no sequence differences were observed between the mutant and its parent. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that four chlorophyll deficient mutations that were previously mapped on the same chromosome are located outside the XNT region, indicating XNT is a new gene. The results provide useful DNA markers not only for marker assisted selection of the xantha trait but also its eventual cloning.     

Hybridization, Through Culture of Embryos and Immature Seeds, of a Range of Tomato Cultivars with a Tomato Somatic Hybrid [Lycopersicon esculentum (+) L. peruvianum]: Emergence of a Possible New Marker Gene for Tomato Breeding

Two hexaploid somatic hybrids [Sh; L. esculentum (+) L. Peruvianum] accessions 6 and 18 were back-crossed with two diploid L. Esculentum cultivars ‘Moneymaker’ (mm) and ‘pusa Ruby’ (pr). Twenty-two plants of the bc2 generation were produced by backcrossing 7 bcl plants (mm x sh, 6, 18) with five tomato cultivars. Fourteen of the bc2 plants were self-fertile, five produced anther cones with anthocyanin pigmentation not present in the parents. A bc3 generation was developed by crossing the four cultivars as female parent with three bc2 generation plants. The bc3 progeny derived from one pollen parent plant were produced without the need to culture immature seeds. They segregated with respect to pigmented anther cones and were self-fertile. The anther cone pigmentation of the pollen parent plant was associated with increased seed set, greater fruit size and an orange-red fruit colour. These features were transmitted to the fertile bc3 generation. Conversely, bc3 offspring involving the other two parent plants were only recovered by culture of immature seeds. The recovery of diploid plants in BCl and self-fertility in BC2 resulted in almost total recovery of the tomato cultivar characteristics (fruit size, colour and number of seeds) by BC3.     

栽培大豆×半野生大豆高密度遗传图谱构建及株高QTL定位

采用中SNP160K芯片对丰收24×通交83-611 F2群体252个植株及其亲本进行基因分型,构建了一张由5861个SNP标记组成的全长为3661.46 cM的高密度遗传连锁图谱。利用完备区间作图法(ICIM)定位到7个株高QTL,每个QTL可解释2.56%～10.41%的株高变异。qPH-6-1具有最高的表型变异贡献率和显性效应,可解释10.41%的株高变异,加性效应和显性效应分别为–1.72和18.94; qPH-18-1贡献率次之,可解释9.64%的株高变异,但具有最高的加性效应,达-12.42。在F2群体中筛选出11个qPH-6-1和qPH-18-1基因型为Q6Q6/Q18Q18的单株,平均株高167.00 cm;筛选出16个基因型为q6q6/q18q18的植株,平均株高为91.25 cm。在qPH-18-1定位区间内外增加23个SNP标记,将定位区间由766.97kb缩小至66.03kb,包含8个基因,结合基因注释和相对表达量差异分析,推测Glyma.18G279800和Glyma.18G280200可能与大豆的株高相关。本研究为大豆株型的改良提供了分子参考依据和遗传基础。     

Chromosomal regions associated with green plant regeneration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture

Genetic capacity for green plant regeneration in anther culture were mapped in a population comprising 50 doubled haploid lines from a cross between two wheat varieties ‘Ciano’ and ‘Walter’ with widely different capacity for green plant regeneration. Bulked segregant analysis with AFLP markers and composite interval mapping detected four QTLs for green plant percentage on chromosomes 2AL (QGpp.kvl-2A), 2BL (QGpp.kvl-2B.1 and QGpp.kvl-2B.2) and 5BL (QGpp.kvl-5B).The three QTLs detected on chromosome 2AL and 2BL all derived their alleles favouring green plant formation from the responsive parent ‘Ciano’.The remaining QTL on chromosome 5BL had the allele favouring green plants from the low responding parent ‘Walter’. In a multiple regression analysis the four QTLs could explain a total of 80% of the genotypic variation for green plant percentage. None of the chromosomal regions with QTLs for green plant percentage showed significant influence on either embryo formation or regeneration frequencies from the anther culture. The three major QTLs located on group two chromosomes were fixed in a second DH population derived from two parents ‘Ciano’ and ‘Benoist’,both with high capacity to produce green plants. A QTL explaining31.5% of the genetic variation for green plant formation were detected on chromosome 5BL in this cross as well. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fine mapping the QTL qFS‐chr.23, using a CSIL

In an earlier advanced‐backcross quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of an interspecific cross of Gossypium hirsutum cv. ‘Xinluzhong 36’(‘XLZH36’) and G. barbadense cv. ‘Xinhai 21’(‘XH21’), a QTL for fibre strength in the chromosome segment introgression line IL23‐09 was analysed. Single marker analysis revealed that the markers on chro.23 were associated with fibre strength. Using composite interval mapping with the F₂ population (1296 plants), a QTL for fibre strength was detected on chro. 23. The QTL explained 8.9% and 15.9% of phenotypic variances in the F₂ and F_2 : 3 generations, respectively. Substitution mapping suggested that the QTL was located at a physical distance of 23.4 kb between the markers BNL1414 and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus D09_43776813 C‐G. We designated this QTL as qFS‐chr.23 (quantitative trait locus for fibre strength on chro.23). This work provides a valuable genetic resource for the breeding of high fibre quality in cotton and will facilitate future efforts for map‐based cloning.