水稻细胞质雄性不育育性回复株的基因型鉴定

通过对在套袋繁殖产生的滇Ⅰ型不育系合系42A群体中发现的可育株、及其与不育系杂交产生的F1和可育株自交S1代的育性和核恢复基因位点分析,发现不育系合系42A中出现的大约0.11%可育株包括两种类型。一类细胞质正常可育,核无恢复基因,基因型为N（rf/rf）,类似保持系,认为是保持系混杂所致。另一类可育株的细胞质雄性不育,核有恢复基因,其恢复基因位于水稻Rf-1基因区域,基因型为S（Rf/rf）。这类可育株不可能来自异品种或保持系串粉,可能是细胞核携带的育性相关基因发生育性自然回复突变导致。本研究将这类可育株简称为“育性回复株”。     

甘蓝型油菜显性核不育三系材料遗传规律及其稳定性验证

甘蓝型油菜显性核不育两型系分为杂合两型系和纯合两型系,两型系内兄妹交后代育性保持１：１分离,双隐性保持系（临保系）,可使纯合两型系内不育株后代达到全不育,而用于制种,同时从杂交种后代的育性分离比例可以验证恢复系的基因型。     

小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因的遗传分析

选用K型不育系豫麦3号、S43及其相应的保持系,与恢复系豫麦2号和豫麦49组配了不育系//保持系/恢复系、不育系//不育系/恢复系和不育系/恢复系//保持系三种回交群体,对小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因进行了遗传分析。结果表明,不同恢复力的恢复系携带的恢复基因对数不同,恢复力较强的豫麦2号携带2对主效基因,恢复力较低的豫麦49仅携带1对主效基因。此外,还有微效基因对育性恢复起作用,这种基因不仅存在于恢复系中,也存在于不育系（保持系）中。在K型细胞质背景下,不携带恢复基因的雄配子的传递率很低,而雌配子传递正常。     

甘蓝型油菜半矮秆细胞质雄性不育系9162A的选育及应用

利用育性稳定的细胞质不育系9171A的保持系为母本,与半矮秆品系3862Sd进行杂交,其F1再与该保持系回交,将半矮秆基因导入可育胞质保持系中,育成株高为135cm左右的半矮秆保持系,再利用半矮秆保持系与不育系连续回交,于2018年育成不育性稳定的半矮秆细胞质不育系9162A。利用半矮秆细胞质不育系9162A与正常高秆恢配制的新组合株高均为155cm左右,具有半矮秆、抗倒伏、适宜机械化收割的特点。     

双低甘蓝型杂交油菜青杂5号的特征特性及栽培技术

青海省农林科学院春油菜研究所从引进双低春油菜品种马努中选株与波里马细胞质雄性不育系331A测交,并用亲本与完全不育的后代连续回交4代,获得稳定的PolimaC-MS105A和保持系105B;同时用带有不育胞质的恢复系作母本和双低保持系杂交,对杂交后代进行分离选择,最后选育出农艺性状较好的恢复系1831R;不育系105A和恢复系1831R配制出杂交组合305。2003～2005年该组合参加国家春油菜区域试验和生产试验,表现高产、优质、抗逆性强。2006年9月14日通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,定名青杂5号。1特征特性1.1植株性状该品种为甘蓝型春性不育三系…     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育材料118 A的遗传与应用研究

经遗传研究表明：核不育系118A的不育性受两对隐性重叠不育基因和一对隐性上位互作基因控制，不育基因与117AB、S45AB的不育基因为非等位基因，当两对基因隐性纯合，另一对上位互作基因为显性（RfRf或Rfrf）时，植株表现不育（aabbRfRf或aabbRfrf），其相应临保系的基因型为3对隐性纯合体（aabbrfrf）。纯合两型系内不育株与可育株（AabbRfRf或aaBbRfRf）杂交，F1为1：1的育性分离，系内可育株自交为3：1的育性分离。利用纯合两型系AabbRfRf或aaBbRfRf中不育株和可育株成对兄妹交可生产纯合两型系和不育系118A，不育系和临保系杂交生产全不育系118CA（aabbRfrf），全不育系与恢复系（AA-或-BB）杂交生产杂交种。     

甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系ZWAB的选育及其临时保持系和恢复系的筛选

利用甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育杂交组合川油14中发现的不育株作母本、引进英国品种Bristal作父本杂交,F1代与中油821进行复合杂交,于后代中连续选择不育株与可育株兄妹交,获得稳定的两型系ZWAB.通过对其广泛测交,筛选出能完全保持其不育性的临时保持系和完全恢复的恢复系.临保不育系和恢复系配制的杂交种具有较强的杂种优势,有着良好的利用前景.     

甘蓝型油菜凸耳隐性细胞核雄性不育系的转育及育性表现

以自育的甘蓝型油菜双低细胞核隐性核不育材料98-116 A为母本与甘蓝型油菜凸耳双低品系T2632为杂交父本进行杂交转育,在F1可育株自交的同时进行去雄与杂交父本进行正反交,在杂交后代中选取生长健壮具有凸耳性状的可育株自交,并调查自交后代中的育性分离比例,自交4个世代后进行兄妹交,即获得双低的凸耳甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核雄性不育系,该不育系的不育株率远高于98-116 A,其不育株率达到90%以上,而且其育性遗传恢复机理也发生了改变.该不育系在油菜隐性核不育两系杂优育种的研究与利用中具有重大的研究价值和应用前景.     

水稻新质源(CMS-FA)雄性不育恢复基因的遗传

发掘水稻新型雄性不育细胞质源CMS-FA,育成系列优质米不育系和系列新质源恢复系,在组配成强优势杂交稻组合的基础上,研究新质源雄性不育恢复系的恢复基因遗传.采用新质源(CMS-FA)不育系金农1A与恢复系金恢3号杂交获得杂交F1和F2代种子.用F1分别与不育系或保持系回交,获得(不育系//不育系/恢复系和不育系/恢复系//保持系)2个测交群体.同时种植P1、P2、P3、F1、F2、B1F1和B2F1等群体,考察花粉染色率、套袋结实率和自然结实率,卡平方测验遗传分离适合度.结果表明,不育系与恢复系杂交F1代正常可育,育性恢复(可育)基因为显性遗传.F2代分离出可育:不育适合3:1,育性恢复(可育)基因为1对显性基因控制.B1F1和B2F1代2个测交群体的可育:不育都适合1:1分离规律,验证了F2代育性恢复(可育)单基因的遗传模式.暂时确定新质源(CMS-FA)核质互作三系的基因型为不育系S(SS)、保持系F(SS)和恢复系S(FF).     

玉米雄性不育系和恢复系的选育与利用的研究

作者从国外引进的玉米杂交种中获得雄性不育株,育成了不育性稳定的优良雄性不育系及其保持系和恢复系,并利用它们配制成强优势杂交组合,比现有推广种增产显著。在本试验的玉米测交材料中约有60%具有纯合或杂合恢复基因,约40%具有纯合不育基因,因此利用这些材料很容易培育成优良雄性不育系和恢复系。这些不育系育性的表现受胞     

Characterization for agronomic use of cytoplasmic male-sterility in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) introduced from H. resinosus Small

A backcrossing programme was carried out both to assess the stability of a cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS) source from Helianthus resinosus, designated RES1, and to incorporate it into inbred sunflower lines (HA89, RHA271, RHA801). All the progenies, grown in different environments, were completely male‐sterile. This suggests that the expression of this cytoplasm is stable. Female‐fertility of lines HA89, RHA271 and RHA801 carrying CMS RES1 were compared with those of the corresponding fertile inbred lines. There were no differences in the number of seeds per head. This indicates that female‐fertility is not affected by RES1 cytoplasm. Cytological studies showed that meiosis proceeds normally until the tetrad stage; consequently, the absence of pollen is caused by alterations that take place during postmeiotic stages. With the aim of identifying male‐fertility restorer genotypes, crosses were made between HA89 (CMS RES1) plants and different annual diploid and perennial hexaploid Helianthus species. All the diploid germplasm evaluated behaved as a CMS RES1 maintainer. However, the hexaploid species, H. resinosus, H. x laetiflorus, H. pauciflorus and H. tuberosus, restored pollen fertility in CMS RES1 plants.     

Development of the components of a cytoplasmic male sterility hybrid system in rye through anther culture

Anther culture was applied as a method to develop the essential components of a cytoplasmic male sterility hybrid system in rye (Secale cereale L.). These components are the male sterile seed parent (A line), its isogenic maintainer counterpart (B line) and the restorer pollen parent (R line). Australian rye cultivars were crossed reciprocally to the cultivar ‘Luchs’ which carries the Pampa male sterile cytoplasm (cms-P). Anthers of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm (primary cross) and their reciprocals in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) were cultured in a modified C17 medium. Male sterile and male fertile doubled haploids were obtained from the anther culture of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm. Testcrosses indicated that the male sterile doubled haploids were A lines and the male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers). The anther culture of genotypes in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) gave all male fertile doubled haploids. Testcrosses indicated that the male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers) in the normal cytoplasm. The expected maintainer B lines were not identified because of the limited number of doubled haploids obtained from the anther culture of reciprocal crosses. Experimental single cross hybrids between male sterile and restorer male fertile doubled haploids showed high levels of heterosis. The results of this study have significant economic implications especially in the production of hybrids in several species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inheritance of male sterility mutations induced in haploid sorghum tissue culture

Summary A high frequency of male sterile mutants regeneration was shown in callus cultures derived from leaves and panicles of haploid sorghum (Ms_c1, A1 cytoplasm) and a spontaneous autodiploid obtained from this haploid. The cultures derived from the embryos of this autodiploid yielded significantly fewer mutants. Absolutely or partially male sterile mutants appeared among the regenerants or in the progeny of fertile regenerants. In the self-fertilized progenies of partially male sterile mutants and in the hybrids of sterile mutants with autodiploid line (i.e. under one and the same nuclear genome) male sterility mutations were inherited as cytoplasmic. Non-Mendelian segregation of sterile, partially male sterile and fertile plants was observed in these progenies. Partially male sterile plants were characterized by somatic segregation of male sterility genetic factors. In test-crosses with some CMS A1 fertility restorers, mutations were manifested as nuclear recessive while with others as nuclear dominant. These differences are supposed to be the result of interaction of fertility restorer genes of these testers with the novel cytoplasm. Male sterility mutations accompanied with female sterility were inherited as nuclear recessives.Abbreviations f fertile - ps partially male sterile - s male sterile plants     

Identification and Inheritance of Fertility Restorer Genes for 'tour' CMS in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Eighteen genotypes of Brassica napus were crossed to a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of B. napus BO 15 carrying B. tournefortii cytoplasm (‘tour’ cytoplasm). Fourteen genotypes were found to be stable maintainers of the ‘tour’ CMS. Of the remaining four genotypes, GSL-1 and ‘Asahi-natane’ were found to be heterozygous and ‘Mangun’ and ‘Yudal’ were homozygous for the restorer gene. Analysis of the F₁ and F₂ progenies of (CMS) BO 15 בMangun’ and (CMS) BO 15 בYudal’ showed that fertility restoration is controlled by a single dominant gene. The availability of a number of stable maintainer lines and the simple inheritance pattern of fertility restorer gene makes ‘tour’ CMS a useful system for hybrid seed production in rapeseed.     

水稻体细胞无性系雄性不育突变

对5个类型的水稻不育系进行了幼穗培养, 在红源A、 包源A和W6154s中, 共获得了10例雄 性不育变异株, 水稻花粉败育可分为无花粉、 典败、 圆败和染败四种类型。 发现了不育 花粉败育类型之间可以相互转换现象。 对雄性不育变异株用一批现有CMS不育系的保持系和恢复系进行测交和回交, 有的变异株其 恢保关系发生了变化,     

Enarthrocarpus lyratus-based cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restorer system in Brassica rapa

Substituting the nuclear genome of Brassica rapa into the cytoplasmic background of Enarthrocarpus lyratus through backcross substitution helped in developing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Alloplasmic male sterile plants had pale green leaves, small flowers with narrow petals and rudimentary anthers. Female fertility, low initially, improved considerably with advanced backcross generations. Male sterility expression was stable throughout the growing season. Except for EC 339014, all B. rapa accessions (38) evaluated were partial maintainers of the male sterility. Introgression of gene(s) for fertility restoration from the cytoplasm donor species was facilitated by homoeologous pairing between B. rapa and E. lyratus genomes, as was apparent from the very frequent occurrence of a trivalent in the monosomic addition plants (2n = 10 II + 1 I). Backcrossing of fertile monosomic addition plants with B. rapa led to the recovery of male fertile plants possessing the stable euploid chromosome number (2n = 20). These plants restored male fertility in crosses with different (lyr) CMS B. rapa genotypes, confirming the introgression of fertility restorer gene(s) from E. lyratus, the cytoplasm donor species.     

Chromosomal location of fertility restoring genes for ‘wild abortive’ cytoplasmic male sterility using primary trisomics in rice

Summary Identification and location of fertility restoring genes facilitates their deployment in a hybrid breeding program involving cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system. The study aimed to locate fertility restorer genes of CMSWA system on specific chromosomes of rice using primary trisomics of IR36 (restorer), CMS (IR58025A) and maintainer (IR58025B) lines. Primary trisomic series (Triplo 1 to 12) was crossed as maternal parent with the maintainer line IR58025B. The selected trisomic and disomic F₁ plants were testcrossed as male parents with the CMS line IR58025A. Plants in testcross families derived from disomic F₁ plants (Group I crosses) were all diploid; however, in the testcross families derived from trisomic F₁ plants (Group II crosses), some trisomic plants were observed. Diploid plants in all testcross families were analyzed for pollen fertility using 1% IKI stain. All testeross families from Group I crosses segregated in the ratio of 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+partially sterile: 1 sterile plants indicating that fertility restoration was controlled by two independent dominant genes: one of the genes was stronger than the other. Testcross families from Group II crosses segregated in 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+ partially sterile: 1 sterile plants in crosses involving Triplo 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12, but families involving triplo 7 and triplo 10 showed significantly higher X² values, indicating that the two fertility restorer genes were located on chromosome 7 and 10. Stronger restorer gene (Rf-WA-1) was located on chromosome 7 and weaker restorer gene (Rf-WA-2) was located on chromosome 10. These findings should facilitate tagging of these genes with molecular markers with the ultimate aim to practice marker-aided selection for fertility restoration ability.     

Assessment of purity of rice CMS lines using cpDNA marker

AFLP technique was used to analyse the polymorphism between rice cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line Jin2A and its maintainer Jin2B. A stable differential band was discovered, and sequence analysis showed that Jin2A contained a more tandem repeat of 6 base pairs (AGAAAA) than Jin2B. Further studies confirmed that the diversity came from cpDNA and occurred at three kinds of abortive cytoplasmic genotypes. Accordingly, specific primers were designed and utilized to assess the purity of rice CMS lines during multiplication with pollen fertility and seed setting rates of bagged panicles as control. The result indicated that this cpDNA locus could be utilized to precisely distinguish maintainer plants from rice CMS lines. PCR analysis was consistent with that from Grow-out test in CMS line seed purity assessment during multiplication, despite it was helpless in distinguishing F₁ hybrids from CMS lines due to similar cytoplasms. Because of fewer hybrid and more maintainer off-plants, this cpDNA locus was still appropriate for seed purity assessment of rice CMS line during multiplication. This is first report that a marker on cpDNA could be utilized to assess the genetic purity of rice CMS lines with three abortive cytoplasmic genotypes.     

Development of a DNA marker for distinguishing CMS lines from fertile lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The main objective of the present study was to identify mitochondrial DNA based marker, which can distinguish male sterile and fertile counterparts of the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines used in production of rice hybrids. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis in CMS lines: IR58025A & IR62829A and their respective maintainers: IR58025B & IR62829B identified a polymorphic DNA fragment of about 510 bp size that was present in both CMS (A) and absent in their maintainer (B) lines. Sequencing followed by database analysis of the polymorphic fragment indicated about 97% similarity with mitochondrial NADH gene subunits of rice, maize and wheat. Based on the variable sequence regions, a site specific primer pair (BF-STS-401) was designed. PCR analysis showed that BF-STS-401 could amplify a strong band of 464 bp size in CMS and a faint band of the same size in maintainer line. To act as a positive control and avoid possible errors in PCR, BF-STS-401 was multiplexed with a new primer pair (BF-STS-402), derived from mitochondrial atp9 subunit of rice, producing monomorphic amplification indiscriminately in both CMS and maintainer lines. Both the primer pairs in combination clearly differentiated CMS lines from their corresponding maintainer lines. This primer combination was validated in a set of diverse genotypes consisting of different sources of CMS lines, restorer lines, hybrids, varieties and mixed samples from private seed companies. Our results suggested that the multiplex primer pairs developed in this study can be effectively utilized to assess the genetic purity in commercial seed lots of CMS lines and hybrids of rice.     

Development of a cytoplasmic male‐sterile line NJCMS4A for hybrid soybean production

Cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) lines are being used to produce hybrid seeds. Thus far, four CMS sources in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have been reported in China. However, they are not sufficient or efficient in meeting the requirements of commercial soybean hybrid seed production. In this study, 33 varieties were tested for CMS using 45 crosses among 37 landraces and 17 annual wild soybean accessions (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.). The cross of N23661 × N23658 showed partial to complete male sterility in backcross generations, while the corresponding reciprocal cross showed normal male fertility. Thus, the cytoplasm of N23661 is male‐sterile, the continuously backcrossed line is a male‐sterile line (designated NJCMS4A), and N23658 is its maintainer (designated NJCM4B). The male fertility of NJCMS4A was restored by another accession, Nansheng9403. Accordingly, NJCMS4A along with its maintainer and restorer composes a complete set of three lines for producing hybrid soybean. Using mitochondrial markers and sequence analyses, NJCMS4A is a CMS line with its cytoplasm not identical to the four previously reported CMS sources in soybean.