县级土地利用总体规划实施评价研究——以新疆托克逊县为例

开展土地利用总体规划实施评价,有利于保障规划顺利实施,完善规划体系,提高规划的科学性和合理性。本研究主要以托克逊县土地利用总体规划(2010—2020年)为例(以下简称《规划》),借助Kq Palnning3.5,采取定性和定量相结合的方法,运用层次分析法、特尔斐法等构建评价指标体系,通过多因素综合评判模型进行量化计算,得出实施评价的综合评分为85.63。此外,对规划与未来发展趋势进行了适应性评价,并对土地规划中存在的约束性指标进行指标预警分析。结果表明,规划执行情况总体良好,个别指标不理想;规划与未来发展趋势不相适应;新增建设用地布局指标出现强警。并分析总结规划实施的成效和存在的问题,提出了相应的建议。     

土地利用总体规划后评估的指标体系构建

笔者主要采用文献资料法和系统工程分析法,构建土地利用总体规划后评估的指标体系,旨在通过土地利用总体规划实施情况评估、规划实施效益评估、土地资源节约集约评估等建立规划后评估体系,全面分析和掌握现行土地利用总体规划的实施情况和效益情况,确认规划的合理性,提高土地利用规划编制的科学性和权威性,促进社会经济全面协调发展。     

优化城乡建设用地结构与布局研究——以河北省藁城市为例

优化城乡建设用地结构与布局是统筹城乡发展、构建和谐社会的重要内容。本研究为了解决在统筹城乡发展过程中如何更好地安排城乡建设用地结构与布局的问题,以河北省藁城市为研究对象,在充分调查河北省藁城市城乡建设用地的现状的基础上,从数量、布局、所占比重等方面分析了城乡建设用地存在的问题。研究认为,城镇规模偏小、土地集约利用程度相对较低、双重用地问题突出、城市化水平低、产业发展竞争力不足等问题是阻碍城乡建设用地结构与布局优化的重要因素,并从科学编制土地利用总体规划、建立土地集约利用评价体系、深化改革、加强土地管理、集约利用土地的城镇化道路等方面提出相应优化藁城市城乡用地结构,推进建设用地整理的对策建议。     

县级土地利用总体规划实施评价方法探讨

在土地利用总体规划管理的各个环节中,规划的实施评价是极其重要的一环。文章针对土地利用总体规划实施评价中存在的问题,提出了评价指标体系,指出影响规划实施评价的因素包括对土地利用的结构、规模、布局和时序、效益、实施措施、社会影响评价等7个方面;建立了土地利用总体规划综合评价模型,其中因素权重的确定采用特尔菲(Delphi)法。在对重庆市城口县土地利用总体规划实施评价过程中,采用了多种数据标准化方法对数据进行标准化处理,将规划实施评价的结果分为A(P≥85),B(70相似文献   

基于MapGIS的县乡土地利用总体规划数据库研究

为了科学地管理和实施土地利用总体规划成果,实现土地资源管理信息化,笔者主要探索基于MapGIS平台下,如何利用土地利用现状数据库和土地利用总体规划成果,建立县乡土地利用总体规划数据库,运用系统分析与流程图法,系统阐述了数据库建立的总体思路、目标、技术路线,解决了在数据库建立过程中规划要素层添加,建立了数据库区文件、线文件以及点文件的属性结构,提出了属性数据的输入方法,并着重对图斑面积量算方法进行描述。结果表明,在MapGIS软件平台下,运用土地利用现状数据库和土地利用总体规划成果可以建立规划数据库。     

关于上一轮县级土地利用总体规划中土地利用变化及生态环境效应的思考 ——以重庆市丰都县为例

基于重庆市丰都县1996年、2004年土地利用现状与2010年土地利用总体规划数据，运用特尔斐法、层次分析法、定量分析法，对丰都县1996—2004和1996—2010土地利用变化及生态环境效应进行对比定量分析研究。结果表明：（1）土地利用格局均发生了明显变化，耕地、未利用土地减少，园地、林地、水域、交通用地增加；（2）土地利用变化引起的生态环境质量变化均呈改善趋势，其主要原因是退耕还园、还林，以及未利用土地的开发利用；（3）规划与实施土地利用变化及生态环境效应差异太大；（4）土地利用总体规划与实际土地利用变化一致性很差，缺乏科学性和严肃性；（5）对规划土地利用变化引起的生态环境改善重视不够。最后提出新一轮土地利用总体规划修编的建议。     

黑龙江省勇跃村村屯建设规划前后土地利用效率对比分析

本研究旨在通过计量分析对比黑龙江省勇跃村村屯总体规划前后土地利用的集约情况,进而提高勇跃村土地集约利用度。结合研究区实际情况和收集资料的情况,采用层次分析法构建勇跃村土地利用集约评价指标体系,采用层次分析的方法确定各项评价指标因素的权重,建立多因素综合评价模型,统计分析勇跃村规划前、近期规划、规划后的土地集约利用综合评价值,并对其进行对比分析。结果表明,勇跃村土地集约利用综合评价值:规划前为39.05,近期规划为38.27,规划后为61.58。最后,为提高勇跃村土地集约利用度,提出了因地制宜、结合规划区实际情况编制规划;科学、合理布局新农村各类建设用地;严格控制农村存在的闲散地等建议。     

基于行为主体决策机制的土地利用规划方法初探

随着中国市场经济体制改革的不断深入,社会主体构成多元化,用地需求、用地动机呈现多样化,土地利用规划行为更加复杂。传统的土地利用规划方法较少从土地利用行为角度分析,在规划中缺乏对土地使用者的用地心理、用地动机、用地偏好、土地利用行为决策特征的了解,对土地使用者转换土地用途的行为机理不清楚,从而导致规划缺乏行为管理的针对性和激励机制。拟在土地利用规划方法综合分析的基础上,通过对土地利用规划主体行为价值取向、行为特征及其驱动力进行分析,研究土地利用规划的行为决策、行为组织和行为控制,从理论角度对基于行为主体决策机制的土地利用规划方法进行分析。     

低山丘陵区基本农田保护研究

基于对广安市上一轮土地利用总体规划(1997~2010)进行了评价和分析,笔者认为广安市上一轮土地利用总体规划存在以下不足：基本农田保护指标过大(256836.36 hm2);重视指标控制,轻空间控制;保护的位置缺乏科学规划等。通过基本农田的保护现状的研究,确定了广安市新一轮土地利用总体规划中基本农田的保护数量(223897.53 hm2)和保护重点。在新形势下,广安市土地利用总体规划将在指标的基础上,更需从上空间上、质量上和类型上开展基本农田的保护,以确保广安地区粮食安全。     

低丘陵区基本农田保护研究

基于对广安市上一轮土地利用总体规划(1997-2010)进行了评价和分析,笔者认为广安市上一轮土地利用总体规划存在以下不足基本农田保护指标过大(256836.36 hm2);重视指标控制,轻空间控制;保护的位置缺乏科学规划等.通过基本农田的保护现状的研究,确定了广安市新一轮土地利用总体规划中基本农田的保护数量(hm2)和保护重点.在新形势下,广安市土地利用总体规划将在指标的基础上,更需从上空间上、质量上和类型上开展基本农田的保护,以确保广安地区粮食安全.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.     

Disease resistance in protected crops and mushrooms

Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office.     

Genetic constitution and diversity in four narrow endemic redwoods from the family Cupressaceae

The genetic constitution and diversity of four relictual redwoods are discussed in this review. These include monotypic genera of the family Cupressaceae: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). All four species are narrow endemics, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened species. Fossil history suggests that the ancestors of redwoods probably originated during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods and flourished thereafter for millions of years. Towards the end of the Tertiary period began their decline and struggle for existence that continued during the subsequent geologic upheavals and climate changes, until the survival of the present-day redwoods in the current restricted locations in the world (USA, China, and South America). Although two species, Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia, are diploids (2n = 22), and the other two are polyploids: Fitzroya a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44), and Sequoia a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66); they all share the same basic chromosome number x = 11. The genome size in the hexaploid Sequoia is one of the largest (31,500 MB) in the conifers, while the genome sizes of diploid Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron are about one-third (~10,000 MB) of Sequoia. Genetic diversity in the redwoods is lower than most other gymnosperms, except in Sequoia, which seems to rank near the upper quarter of the coniferous forest trees. Genomic research is sparse in the redwoods, and should be pursued for a better understanding of their genome structure, function, and adaptive genetic diversity.     

The induction in vitro of adventitious shoots in Rosa

Summary Adventitious shoots were formed on excised leaves, roots and callus of Rosa persica x xanthina and on excised leaves of R. laevigata and R. wichuraiana on culture media that included BAP and NAA as growth regulators. Shoots formed freely on freshly cultured callus of R. persica x xanthina but their production declined in successive cultures and ceased after twelve weeks. Transplantation to soil was improved by rooting plantlets in cellulose plugs in vitro and transferring plantlets to soil while still in the plugs.