转换机制 强化管理

转换机制强化管理天津市静海县种子管理站刘振争为适应社会主义市场经济的需要，加大种子管理力度，静海县种子管理站与种子公司于１９９４年６月正式分设，定编８个，形成了管理站与公司分灶吃饭，各负其责的格局。种子管理开始走上了依法治种的法制化轨道，并取得较好成...     

县级种子检验室存在的问题及对策

县级检验室多是非独立法人机构，挂靠于种子管理站，与种子管理站是两块牌子一套人马，管理、检验不分家，管理站站长兼检验室主任，管理员兼检验员。这就形成管理站自己执法，自己出证据，自己进行处罚，很难让经营者信服。     

对县级玉米种子市场管理的几点思考

我国的种子体制改革已经在近几年陆续完成，种子管理体系虽然已经形成，但是大部分县级种子管理站在履行职责过程中仍然存在有心无力、经费缺乏的现象。县级种子管理站每年普遍承担着三项主要任务：一是春播玉米杂交种的引进、推广、试验示范工作；二是种子销售市场执法管理工作；三是秋播小麦种子的销售管理及种子补贴的落实监督工作。理顺三项工作的突破口在于严格的品种试验示范筛选，通过积极开展筛选试验，确定当地主导品种，才能彻底改变种子销售市场的多乱杂局面，保证农民不因品种选择不当而造成不必要的损失。     

刍议种子管理站的生死存亡

概述了种子管理站的原有职责，分析了执法队的组建形势、执法的广度和深度，指出组建执法队是贯彻《种子法》，加强执法力度，依法治种的理想模式，但它并不能取代种子管理站。在种子管理站的行政职能转移后，还有大量的技术服务和技术创新工作要做。省、市、县层次不同，各级种子管理站的职能也有差异，一切应从实际出发。     

2012—2013年度主要农作物种子生产供需形势会召开

日前，全国农技中心在武汉市召开了2012—2013年度全国主要农作物种子生产供需形势分析会，31个省（区、市）种子管理站（局）、新疆生产建设兵团种子管理站，黑龙江省农垦总局种子管理局和部分种子企业的代表共60余人参加了会议。     

新形势下营口市种业发展的研究与探讨

<正>1辽宁省营口市种业发展现状1.1种子管理机构进一步健全完善辽宁省营口市4个市(县、区)农委(农发局)都建立了种子管理站,连同市级种子管理站共5个种子管理机构。大石桥市和盖州市都设有农业综合执法大队,与种子管理站一套人马两个牌子。辽宁省营口市种子管理站为财政全额拨款参公管理单位,盖州市种子管理站为财政差额拨款事业单位,其余的均为财政全额拨款事业单     

新形势下县级种子管理站存在的问题与对策

随着《中华人民共和国种子法》（以下简称《种子法》）的颁布实施，种子管理的重点也由针对供种主体的管理逐渐转向对流通中商品种子的管理。在新形势下，县级种子管理站存在哪些问题，如何应对，本人谈一点粗浅的认识。1存在的问题1.1种子管理站的地位《种子法》明确规定“农业、林业行政主管部门是种子行政执法机关”，但对种子管理站的地位没有明确。目前，县级种子管理站的现实情况是受农业局委托进行执法的事业单位（有差额、有全额），委托是有时限的，受到委托你有执法权，没有受到委托你将没有执法权。这种时限的不确定性和执法地位…     

关于建立市场经济下种子管理体系的思考

关于建立市场经济下种子管理体系的思考辽宁省丹东市种子管理站李惠学目前，我国从国家到省、市（地）、县基本上都设有种子管理站。这些诸多的管理机构除少数是单设外，大多数与国家各层次相对应的国有种子公司合属一套人马、两块牌子，实行行政、技术、经营“三位一体”...     

西安市长安区种子管理现状及行业监管建议

1 现状 1.1 管理体制初步理顺 2005年西安市长安区种子管理站成立后,与长安区种子公司机构分设,分设后的区种子管理站从体制上与经营完全脱钩,管理体制上实现了“政、事、企分开”,政策上打破了垄断经营,逐步形成了统一、开放的种子市场体系,种子行政执法主体地位日益显现.区种子管理站现有职工24名,取得《行政执法证》的执法人员24名;有种子检验室1间,种子检验仪器设备8台(套),持证种子检验员5人,仪器设备和技术力量基本能够满足净度、发芽率和水分等三项指标的检测.     

第五届全国种子信息交流暨产品交易会成功举办

经农业部批准，由全国农业技术推广服务中心、中国种子协会主办，安徽省种子协会、安徽省种子管理站承办，各省（市、区）种子管理站联办的第五届全国种子信息交流暨产品交易会（下称全国种子双交会）于2007年10月21日-23日在安徽省合肥市隆重举行。     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Disease resistance in protected crops and mushrooms

Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office.     

Genetic constitution and diversity in four narrow endemic redwoods from the family Cupressaceae

The genetic constitution and diversity of four relictual redwoods are discussed in this review. These include monotypic genera of the family Cupressaceae: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). All four species are narrow endemics, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened species. Fossil history suggests that the ancestors of redwoods probably originated during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods and flourished thereafter for millions of years. Towards the end of the Tertiary period began their decline and struggle for existence that continued during the subsequent geologic upheavals and climate changes, until the survival of the present-day redwoods in the current restricted locations in the world (USA, China, and South America). Although two species, Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia, are diploids (2n = 22), and the other two are polyploids: Fitzroya a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44), and Sequoia a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66); they all share the same basic chromosome number x = 11. The genome size in the hexaploid Sequoia is one of the largest (31,500 MB) in the conifers, while the genome sizes of diploid Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron are about one-third (~10,000 MB) of Sequoia. Genetic diversity in the redwoods is lower than most other gymnosperms, except in Sequoia, which seems to rank near the upper quarter of the coniferous forest trees. Genomic research is sparse in the redwoods, and should be pursued for a better understanding of their genome structure, function, and adaptive genetic diversity.     

Distribution,ecology and reproductive biology of wild tomatoes and related nightshades from the Atacama Desert region of northern Chile

Over the past 20 years, several expeditions were made to northern Chile to collect populations of wild tomatoes (Solanum chilense, S. peruvianum) and allied nightshades (S. lycopersicoides, S. sitiens), and obtain information about their geographic distribution, ecology and reproductive biology. Restricted mainly to drainages of the Andean and the coastal cordillera, populations are geographically fragmented. The two nightshade species are rare and threatened by human activities. Adaptation to extreme aridity and soil salinity are evident in S. chilense and S. sitiens (the latter exhibits several xerophytic traits not seen in the tomatoes) and to low temperatures in S. lycopersicoides and S. chilense. All tested accessions are self-incompatible, with the exception of one S. peruvianum population collected at the southern limit of its distribution. Several distinguishing reproductive traits—anther color, attachment, and dehiscence, pollen size, and flower scent—suggest S. sitiens and S. lycopersicoides attract different pollinators than S. chilense and S. peruvianum. The four Solanum spp. native or endemic to Chile provide a variety of novel traits which, through hybridization and introgression with cultivated tomato, could facilitate development of improved varieties, as well as research on a variety of basic topics, including plant-pollinator interactions, abiotic stress responses, and evolution of reproductive barriers.     

The induction in vitro of adventitious shoots in Rosa

Summary Adventitious shoots were formed on excised leaves, roots and callus of Rosa persica x xanthina and on excised leaves of R. laevigata and R. wichuraiana on culture media that included BAP and NAA as growth regulators. Shoots formed freely on freshly cultured callus of R. persica x xanthina but their production declined in successive cultures and ceased after twelve weeks. Transplantation to soil was improved by rooting plantlets in cellulose plugs in vitro and transferring plantlets to soil while still in the plugs.     

The exploration of genetic resources of Portuguese cabbage and kale for resistance to several Brassica diseases

Summary Twenty three accessions of nine Portuguese cabbage and kale land races from different geographic origins were tested at the seedling stage for resistance to several important brassica diseases. Resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), expressed as necrosis of the cotyledon mesophyll, was found in all the accessions. Type A resistance to cabbage yellows (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans race 1) was present in most of the landraces. Resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae race 6) was found in one accession of the Portuguese tree kale. High resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) and white rust (Albuco candida) was not detected, although several accessions showed 20 to 30% of plants with intermediate expression of resistance. All Portuguese cole accessions were susceptible to blackrot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris).     

Production and characterization of intergeneric diploid cybrids derived from symmetric fusion between Microcitrus papuana Swingle and sour orange (Citrus aurantium)

Plants were regenerated from intergeneric somatic hybridization between embryogenic protoplasts of Microcitrus papuana Swingle and leaf-derived protoplasts of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) via electrofusion. The regenerated plants were morphologically similar to the leaf parent in growth vigor, leaf and branch structure. FCM analysis showed that they were diploids. Simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) and cleaved-amplified-polymorphic-sequence(CAPS) were employed for hybridity characterization. SSR banding patterns of the regenerated plants were identical to the leaf parent, sour orange, indicating that they possessed nuclear component derived from sour orange. DNA amplification with chloroplast and mitochondrial universal primers, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion, revealed polymorphism between the fusion parents. Therefore, this method was used to determine the cytoplasmic compositions of the regenerated plants. Banding patterns for all the polymorphic primer/enzyme combinations of the regenerated plants were similar to those of the embryogenic parent, M. papuana, suggesting that only the cytoplasmic components derived from the embryogenic parent were present in the regenerated plants. FCM, SSR and CAPS demonstrated that intergeneric diploid cybrids have been successfully obtained by symmetric fusion. Related results concerning nuclear and cytoplasmic composition of previous diploid somatic hybrids and potential mechanism for regeneration of such kind of plants are discussed herein. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.