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1.
董颖苹  连勇  何庆才  徐涵 《种子》2005,24(8):54-58
本系列综述对植物化学诱变技术、突变体筛选技术、分子检测技术及其理论基础近年来的进展,进行了较系统的阐述.化学诱变获得成功的关键是高效的诱变技术结合高效的突变体筛选技术,筛选中,不同性状的筛选难度不同,选取的筛选手段不同,不同性状被选出的机会也不同.质量性状比数量性状容易选出,遗传力高的性状比遗传力低的性状容易选出.同时,帮助早期隐性突变发现的分子检测技术,作为辅助手段也是有利的.本文介绍了突变体的筛选方法,并简要介绍了目前运用最广泛的三种分子检测方法.  相似文献   

2.
园艺植物化学诱变与抗性突变体筛选研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从诱变材料和化学诱变剂的选择,诱变处理的方式、浓度和时间以及突变体的抗病、抗盐碱的定向筛选等方面总结了近年来园艺植物化学诱变与突变体筛选的研究进展,并对化学诱变技术的应用研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

3.
化学诱变能在短时间内获得有价值的突变体植株,由于化学诱变具有随机性,诱变后可获得丰富的种质遗传材料,解决了育种材料缺乏的问题。突变体的利用可加快改良原有种质资源和培育新种质资源,现已成为作物改良的有效手段之一。种质资源改良能够提高作物产量与质量、保障粮食安全具有极其重要的作用。本研究阐述了化学诱变的发展现状、特点和主要类型,以及常用化学诱变剂EMS、Na N3与PYM的诱变机理,并且探讨了近几年化学诱变在种质资源改良上的应用成果与前景,以期为化学诱变育种在作物种质资源改良中的应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
TILLING(Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes)是近年来发展起来的一种全新的反向遗传学研究方法,它提供了一种高通量、低成本、规模化的高效筛选化学诱变剂EMS诱发产生点突变的技术.本文简要介绍了TILLING技术基本原理及其应用研究进展.  相似文献   

5.
化学诱变是一种有效的种质资源创新手段,运用诱变育种与分子育种相结合创造有益突变材料是遗传改良的有效途径之一。本研究利用EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变处理加工番茄高代自交系材料"JW9"种子,在M2代苗期盐胁迫处理诱变材料,通过表型鉴定筛选耐盐植株,再结合SSCP技术检测耐盐群体的遗传变异情况。在1 000份诱变材料中,筛选出37份耐盐植株,其中利用23对引物在26份耐盐材料中检测到了57个多态性位点。结果表明26份诱变材料在DNA水平上发生了基因变异。  相似文献   

6.
TILLING技术是"定向诱导基因组局部突变技术(Targeting induced local lesions in genomes)"的简称。它以EMS诱变为基础,将高通量技术与PCR检测相结合,TILLING技术在提高分子育种水平上具有突出优点。本综述主要对TILLING技术的原理、基本操作流程等方面进行介绍,并阐述TILLING技术在水稻、玉米、麦类作物、杂粮、其他作物中的应用研究进展。TILLING技术作为一种新型的分子育种研究手段,具有经济、高效的特点,能够直接用于新品种选育、诱导突变的群体、野生突变体与自然资源的遗传评价等,它的出现对遗传育种研究具有重要意义。本研究系统阐述了TILLING技术的原理及应用,以期为作物功能基因组的深入研究提供一个技术。  相似文献   

7.
玉米化学诱变研究进展   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
简述了化学诱变的发展简史。系统介绍了玉米化学诱变的特点,处理方法和效果,详细分析了玉米化学诱发突变在解决某些基本生物学问题中的价值和育种领域里的可能应用等。  相似文献   

8.
工业大麻甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变体的筛选及RAPD分析   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
为了构建工业大麻EMS突变体库,为大麻功能基因组学研究准备基础材料,利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯溶液诱变处理火麻一号,对获得的M_2代植株进行农艺性状及其他生物学性状的表型筛选,结果共获得37份苗期和成株期发生变异的突变体,其中27份苗期变异类型、10份成株期变异类型,变异率分别为20.93%、11.24%。对突变体进行了RAPD分析,26个引物中有11个引物扩增出多态性,证明突变体在基因上发生了变化,为EMS化学诱变突变群体在工业大麻功能基因组的研究和育种方向提供了理论和实践基础。  相似文献   

9.
以杂交、物理引变、化学诱变三结合的突变育种方法,创造出各种类型的突变体材料 1860份.对突变体的类型及其利用途经分别进行了介绍.  相似文献   

10.
TILLING技术的原理与方法述评   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
TILLING,即Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes(定向诱导基因组局部突变技术),是由美国FredHutchinson癌症研究中心Steven Henikoff领导的研究小组发展起来的,是一种全新的反向遗传学研究方法。TILLING技术借助高通量的检测手段,快速有效地从由化学诱变剂(EMS)诱变过的突变群体中鉴定出点突变。目前,TILLING已被应用于多种生物的研究中。本文系统介绍了TILLING技术的基本原理、技术路线及其技术优势,同时列举了TILLING的应用实例,并展望了TILLING技术的应用前景。  相似文献   

11.
Haploidy breeding and mutagenesis for drought tolerance in wheat   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
A.J. Khan  S. Hassan  M. Tariq  T. Khan 《Euphytica》2001,120(3):409-414
Several intraspecific crosses between known drought tolerant wheat varieties and stable high yielding recombinants were made with the objective to develop improved cultivars for the moisture stressed rainfed areas of Pakistan. Five of these crosses were selected for further creation of useful mutations through the application of low doses of gamma rays and development of doubled haploids through anther culture. Anther culture response of the selected irradiated F1 generations was studied on liquid and solid induction media. The highest number of calli among almost all crosses was produced on Potato-2induction medium. All the crosses varied greatly in response to callus induction and maximum calli (75%) were obtained from Lyl-73/vee’s’ cross. Similarly, genotypic differences were found for green vs. albino regenerants. The highest number of green plantlets (12.1%) was recorded for Lu-26/3062. From the developed doubled haploid population 25 DH-mutants were initially selected and nine lines were finally included in multi-locational field tests. Two DH-mutants (i.e. DHML-50 and DHML-9) have potential for better grain yield, earliness, disease resistance and moisture stress tolerance. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

12.
To expand the salt-tolerant gene resources of peanut, we conducted in vitro mutagenesis with pingyangmycin (PYM) as the mutagen and directed screening with medium containing NaCl. After embryonic leaflets from mature peanut seeds (variety Huayu 22) were cultured on somatic embryogenesis-induction medium containing 4 mg/L PYM for 4 weeks, the surviving somatic embryos were sequentially transferred to a germination medium containing 15 and then 20 g/L NaCl. The 30 NaCl-tolerant plantlets obtained were grafted and transplanted in the field in 2011, and the mature seeds of 26 regenerated plants were harvested. In 2012, all seeds from each plant were sown in the field. The offspring (M2 generation) of 23 of 26 NaCl-tolerant, regenerated plants differed from their mutagenic parent in vigor, growth habit, flowering habit, pod shape, and seed coat color, and they also exhibited trait segregation from the same NaCl-tolerant, regenerated plant. In a germination test with a 0.7 % NaCl solution and the M3-generation seeds from 18 of the NaCl-tolerant, regenerated plants, the germination rate was substantially higher for the seeds from 6 plants than for seeds from the mutagenic parent (Huayu 22). To determine whether the changes in plant traits might be associated with gene mutations, DNA polymorphisms between the mutagenic parent and 19 M3 generation individuals from different NaCl-tolerant, regenerated plants were analyzed with 39 pairs of SSR primers, and all mutants differed from the mutagenic parent in >2 loci. The results indicate that the use of PYM-based mutagenesis in combination with directed in vitro screening with NaCl is effective for creating and identifying salt-tolerant mutants of peanut.  相似文献   

13.
Y. Kowyama  T. Saba  T. Tsuji  T. Kawase 《Euphytica》1994,80(1-2):27-38
Summary Developmental stages during gametogenesis of rice were histologically examined in the period from differentiation of reproductive organs to anthesis. Plants were exposed to acute X-rays of 20 Gy. Radiosensitivity and mutation frequency were investigated in relation to the developmental stages of reproductive organs. The most radiosensitive stage, as measured by reduction of the M1 pollen-and seed-fertilities, was the last premeiotic interphase. Mutations induced at different developmental stages were scored in M3 strains. Sterility mutants and short-culm mutants were most frequently observed. Grain shape, panicle morphology, heading-date and endosperm character mutants were induced at a relatively low frequency. The overall mutation frequency varied with the developmental stage at the time of irradiation. The highest overall mutation frequency was observed when radiation was applied 10 days before anthesis, the late tetrad stage of microspores. Radiation exposure of florets at the late tetrad stage was found to be a more efficient method of inducing a large number of mutations than radiations applied to seeds and fertilized egg cells.  相似文献   

14.
U. Hohmann    G. Jacobs  C. Jung 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(4):317-321
An annual sugar beet line homozygous for the dominant gene for early bolting (B) has been mutagenized with different doses of ethylmeth‐anesulfonate (EMS). Approximately 15 000 M1 seeds were treated with EMS doses between 0.5 and 1% for 4, 6, 8, 12 and 14 h. Among 10 066 M1s, plants with chlorophyll defects and other abnormalities were found. Germination rates ranged between 30 and 100%, whereas the fertility of M1s dropped to 36%. A dose of 1% EMS applied for 8 h was found to yield an acceptable rate of M2 sterility (16%). Exactly 0.5% of the M2 families contained plants with altered bolting behaviour. After selfing these M2 plants, five non‐bolting M3 lines were selected. These plants do not exhibit shoot elongation even after cultivation under long‐day conditions. Thus, they are homozygous for new mutagenized, recessive non‐bolting alleles. Moreover, four M3 lines showed delayed bolting which was clearly different from the early bolting parent. This demonstrates varying activities of the bolting gene due to different mutational events.  相似文献   

15.
Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) has been employed in a number of genotoxic studies in plants as a model alkylated agent that readily reacts with DNA-producing alkylated nucleotides. Therefore, the present study was aimed at assessing DNA polymorphism induced by different concentrations (control, 1, 2, 3, and 4%) of EMS through a Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker analysis. The improved agronomic traits such as germination, flowering, maturity, seed traits, and oil content were recorded in 1% EMS-treated plants, while the corresponding parameters reduced significantly (P > 0.05) in 4% EMS-treated plants as compared to the control. Among 25 random primers used, 19 primers produced polymorphic bands. The number of amplicons varied from 1 to 8 with an average of 3.68 bands, of which 2.12 were polymorphic. The highest polymorphic bands (6) and percentage of polymorphism (85.71) were produced by the primer OPAK-20. In a dendrogram constructed based on Jaccard’s coefficient similarity, the treated plants and control were grouped into three clusters: (a) control and 2 and 3% concentrations of EMS-treated plants merged together; (b) 1% concentration of EMS-treated plants clustered alone; (c) 4%concentration of EMS-treated plants also clustered alone. We conclude that the effect of EMS could change the pattern of germination, flowering, seed yield, and oil content of J. curcas. DNA polymorphism detected by RAPD marker analysis offered a useful biomarker assay for the evaluation of effects of chemical mutagens.  相似文献   

16.
根据试验结果并结合有关资料,说明了密纹灵芝的生物学特点与栽培特性,在此基础上对密纹灵芝的栽培技术作了介绍。  相似文献   

17.
Summary Gamma-rays and EMS have been used in two dosages to test their effectiveness in inducing mutations in one major (cv. Aguadulce) and one minor (cv. Manfredini) Vicia faba cultivar. The plants of the M1 and M2 generations showed reduced emergence, survival, and fertility. EMS was more effective than gammarays in inducing mutations giving a mutation frequency in M1 and a frequency of M2 mutants from two to four times higher. The two mutagenic agents do not seem to differ in mutation spectrum. The minor cv. Manfredini was more sensitive to the lower dosage of gamma-rays than the major cv. Aguadulce. Both mutagens proved to be effective in enlarging the morphological variation of both cultivars.Research work supported by C.N.R. special grant I.P.R.A.-Sub-project 1. Paper N. 515.  相似文献   

18.
D. J. Luckett 《Euphytica》1989,42(1-2):177-182
Summary Seedlings of the cotton cultivar Sicot 1 were treated with either 1%, 2% or 5% colchicine in lanolin which was topically applied to the apical meristem four days after emergence. Of 293 1%-treated seedlings 64 survived to produce fertile C1 shoots which gave rise to 84 C2 single boll families. C2 and C3 generations were examined in field experiments for morphological variants and for a number of quantitative characters (yield components and fibre quality). No morphological mutants were seen but considerable heritable variation for metrical characters of economic importance was detected. Of 18 extreme C2 families consisting of 54 C3 progenies, 19 were shown in a replicated spaced-plant trial to be significantly different to the Sicot 1 parental material for at least one (usually more) characters. The 222 C3 progenies of the 66 non-extreme C2 families were tested in an unreplicated plot experiment and at least 14 were suspected of exhibiting variation in metrical characters. Although no light has been shed on the mechanism responsible for the production of variants by this method, it is argued that the colchicine technique results in higher levels of genetic variation than found in commercial cultivars; variation which can be readily exploited by cotton breeders.  相似文献   

19.
扬麦 10号 (原名 93- 111)是由江苏省里下河地区农科所与南京农业大学细胞遗传所合作 ,采用滚动回交与分子标记抗性鉴定技术相结合育成的小麦新品种。 1996年引进试种 ,经试验示范 ,表现丰产性能好、高抗白粉病、生长清秀、容重高而稳定等特点。根据农业部谷物品质检测中心 1998年测试结果 :扬麦 10号出粉率 73% ,比对照扬麦 158高 4个百分点 ;湿面筋 33.6% ,比 CK高 2 .8个百分点 ;粗蛋白 15.4 4 % ,比 CK高 1.2 3个百分点 ;沉降值4 8ml,比 CK高 3.5ml;综合评分值 57.5分 ,比 CK高 3.5分 ,属比较优质的蒸煮类小麦。多家面粉厂反映 ,扬…  相似文献   

20.
α‐Tocopherol is the main tocopherol in sunflower seeds (>90%). Because it exerts a weak antioxidant action in vitro, its partial replacement by other tocopherols is an important breeding objective in this crop. The objective of this research was to develop novel tocopherol profiles in sunflower through mutagenesis and genetic recombination. Seeds of four ‘Peredovik’ accessions were used for chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Single‐seed screening in the M2 generation resulted in two M2 seeds, derived from different M1 plants, with increased γ‐tocopherol contents of 19.2% and 96.7%, respectively. M3 progeny from the M2 seed with the 96.7% content bred true for high c‐tocopherol content, containing more than 90%γ‐tocopherol. M3 progeny from the M2 seed with only 19.2%γ‐tocopherol segregated in a range from 0 to 84.6%. Selection for high c‐tocopherol content produced an M4:5 line, designated IAST‐1, with a stable high concentration of γ‐tocopherol. Crosses between IAST‐1 and T589, with an increased b‐tocopherol content, produced F2 segregants with trans‐gressive levels of up to 77%β‐tocopherol or up to 68% d‐tocopherol. Both novel tocopherol profiles were confirmed in the F3 generation.  相似文献   

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