大棚冬蔬菜茬鲜食玉米一年三熟栽培技术

近年来 ,地处苏北姜堰市大地农业科技园研究示范的大棚冬季蔬菜茬鲜食玉米一年三熟新型种植模式 ,使该三熟玉米均错开了大面积露地玉米上市季节 ,经济价值较高。鲜食玉米年总产量达 3 .75万ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 左右 ,产值 3 .5万～ 5万元 /ｈｍ2 。其主要栽培技术如下 :1　第一熟春玉米栽培品种为沪玉糯 1号 ,2月上旬播种 ,5月底 6月初采收 ,产量指标为 1 .5万ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 。双棚育苗。⑴播种 :在大棚内采用营养钵育苗 ,大田制足营养钵 7.5万只 /ｈｍ2 ,营养钵直径 8～ 1 0ｃｍ。于 2月初播种 ,盖种后苗床上搭小拱棚增温防冻。⑵苗床管理 :播后增温保…     

糯玉米优质高效栽培技术

随着人民生活水平的提高,鲜食糯玉米受到越来越多市民的喜爱.安徽省新审定的优质糯玉米新品种正糯8号、宿糯1号在安徽省淮北及江淮各地种植,采用综合配套技术,糯玉米鲜穗667m2产量由800kg提高到1000kg,上市时间从7月中旬提早到6月中旬,每667m2效益从1500元提高到2000元以上.播种时间由原来每年4月初直播到目前的早春育苗、地膜移栽、覆盖为主导的早春规范化高效栽培技术,此项技术的推广是进行农业生产产业结构调整、农民增收增效致富的一条新路子.种植糯玉米是适应高效农业发展的一种新型经济作物模式.糯玉米采收鲜穗后,又可利用鲜秸秆青贮,发展养殖业.总之,糯玉米以其高效、独特的优势,具有广阔的发展前景.     

番茄、丝瓜、夏大白菜高效立体种植

番茄、丝瓜、夏大白菜立体种植,就是在早春番茄生产的中后期,在塑料大棚架内两侧栽上丝瓜,丝瓜抽蔓引上棚架,长成一座由丝瓜茎叶组成的绿色荫棚,再在荫棚下套种夏大白菜,棚中的气温可比棚外低5~8℃,光照强度也大大降低,给夏大白菜的生长创造了一个相对适宜的环境条件。此法栽培,一般产量为番茄4.5万~6万kg/hm² 、丝瓜3万~3.75万kg/hm² 、夏大白菜4.5万~5.25万kg/hm²,产值15万元/hm² 左右,效益显著。1　茬口安排番茄于11月下旬育苗,12月上旬移于营养钵,1月下旬~2月上旬定植,5月上旬上市,7月中旬拉秧。     

元胡春玉米晚稻三熟制配套栽培技术

湖南省邵东县斫曹乡石坪村实行元胡、春玉米、晚稻三熟制,是1997~1998年开展稻田高产高效种植模式试验中获得成功的一种新模式。1999年种植10hm²,据县农业局调查,元胡干品产量达2243kg/hm² 、玉米7883kg/hm² 、稻谷7733kg/hm²,三季净产值达39166元 /hm²,比二熟制双季水稻种植模式增值显著。其栽培技术如下。1　茬口安排10月中、下旬晚稻收获后,及时种植元胡,元胡在4月底至5月初收获。玉米采取育苗移栽,在4月上旬移栽于元胡行间,7月上、中旬收获。玉米收获后,及时栽插晚稻。2　稻田选择与准备选择排水良好、灌溉方……     

冬香葱—春花椰菜—秋大葱一年三茬高效栽培模式

自2004年开始,福建省屏南县很多农户大胆尝试冬香葱—春花椰菜—秋大葱栽培模式,收到了不错的效益。冬茬香葱12月中旬定植,次年3月上中旬采收完毕,亩产5000千克,亩产值5000元;春花椰菜2月中下旬育苗,3月下旬定植,6月中旬采收完毕,亩产1500千克,亩产值3000元;秋大葱6月上中旬育苗,8月上旬定植,12月上旬采收完毕,亩产3000千克,亩产值4500元,全年三茬总产值12500元/亩。     

鲜甜糯玉米超常早播促麦玉稻高效栽培新技术

为了调整和优化农田种植结构 ,面向国内外市场 ,着力改善农产品的品种和质量 ,大力发展高产优质高效农业 ,提高农业的综合效益 ,1 996～ 1 999年度 ,我所在四川省农业厅支持下 ,开展以鲜食甜糯玉米超常早播为中心的“冬小麦套作鲜食甜糯玉米连作优质水稻”稻田改制试验示范 ,4年平均产小麦 382 0ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,鲜食甜糯玉米穗 1 480 0 .4ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,优质杂交稻谷76 5 4.5ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,年产值达 2 .97万元 /ｈｍ2 。较原主要种植模式油 -稻增加经济收入 1 .73万元 /ｈｍ2 ,原投入产出比 1∶1 .71 ,新增投入产出比1∶2 .2 5 ,取得增产增效的极显…     

宁南冬小麦膜侧栽培—地膜大白菜一年二熟高效种植模式

为了优化种植结构,提高土地的利用率和产出率,促进农业增效、增收,1998~2001年运用小区试验和大田对比示范,在宁南山区的西吉县兴隆镇的高进村进行了连续4年冬小麦膜侧栽培收获后复种地膜大白菜二熟高效种植模式试验研究。结果表明,冬小麦膜侧栽培—地膜大白菜1季2种2收的混合经济产量10.64万kg/hm² (其中 :冬小麦膜侧单产7554kg/hm²,地膜大白菜单产98811kg/hm² ),产值2.86万元 /hm²,扣除投入成本4261.5元 /hm²,获纯收益24363元 /hm²,产投比6.7∶1,是当地习惯种植模式—……     

人参果的栽培技术

1栽培季节 以春季栽培比较普遍,一般在晚霜过后或清明时节。秋季栽种,宜在早秋进行。适宜露地栽培的茬口安排主要为春季栽培。2月下旬至3月上旬育苗,4月上、中旬移栽,5月中、下旬坐果,6月下旬开始成熟,7月中旬采收结束。     

冬小麦膜侧栽培-地膜大白菜一年二熟高效种植模式

为了优化种植结构 ,提高土地的利用率和产出率 ,促进农业增效、增收 ,1998— 2 0 0 1年运用小区试验和大田对比示范 ,在宁南山区的西吉县兴隆镇的高进村进行了连续 4年冬小麦膜侧栽培收获后复种地膜大白菜 2熟高效种植模式试验研究。结果表明 ,冬小麦膜侧栽培 地膜大白菜的混合经济产量 70 91kg/ 6 6 7m2 (其中 :冬小麦膜侧单产5 0 3.6kg/ 6 6 7m2 ,地膜大白菜单产 6 5 87.4kg/ 6 6 7m2 ) ,产值190 8.3元 / 6 6 7m2 ,扣除投入成本 2 84 .1元 / 6 6 7m2 。获纯收益16 2 4 .2元 / 6 6 7m2 。产投比 6 .7∶1,是当地习惯种植模式———冬小麦膜…     

玉米软盘育苗移栽高产栽培技术

玉米软盘覆膜育苗移栽是集玉米直播栽培、地膜覆盖栽培、育苗移栽于一体的高产栽培技术 ,是玉米栽培技术的一大改革。对于充分利用光热资源、提高复种指数、缓解前后作物季节矛盾、抗御不良环境条件、减轻病虫害、确保玉米全苗壮苗、提高玉米产量有着十分重要的意义。1 997年在我县田庄乡试验示范6.7ｈｍ2 ,一举获得成功。 1 998～ 2 0 0 0年三年示范推广 1 .0 3 8万ｈｍ2 ,总产 5 940 .0 2万ｋｇ ,平均单产 5 72 2 .5ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,比地膜覆盖栽培的玉米增产 1 0 0 4.5 5ｋｇ/ｈｍ2 ,共增产 1 0 42 .75万ｋｇ ,新增产值 1 45 9.86万元 ,节约…     

从携带S5n基因的水稻种质中发掘San、Sbn和Scn基因

花粉不育是籼粳杂种F₁优势利用的主要障碍之一。包括S_a、S_b和S_c等至少6个基因座位内的等位基因互作会引起花粉不育,这些座位上的中性等位基因可以克服不育性。所以,发掘和利用中性等位基因具有重要意义。本文用携带S₅ⁿ的水稻种质,分别与台中65及其携带花粉不育基因的一套近等基因系杂交,组配具有单个座位互作和多个座位同时互作的杂种F₁,首先通过观察杂种F₁的花粉育性并比较相应杂种F₁育性的差异,初步判断是否具有中性等位基因,然后,采用与S_a、S_b和S_c座位紧密连锁的分子标记对F₂植株基因型的分离进行检测,并分析其分离比例的符合度,确定存在中性等位基因的真实性。结果发现在所鉴定的6份材料中有2份(灰背子和Madhukar)同时携带S_aⁿ和S_bⁿ,3份(饭毫皮、秕五升和粤泰B)携带S_bⁿ,1份(Jackson)携带S_cⁿ。这些材料同时携带可克服杂种F₁胚囊不育和花粉不育的基因,是克服籼粳杂种F₁不育性的重要基因来源。     

Pflanzenwachstum durch CO2/HCO3-Eintrag über die Wurzel

Plant Growth after Application of CO₂/HCO₃ to the Roots
After applying H¹⁴CO₃ to the root system of summer wheat in hermetically sealed pots, absorption and incorporation of HCO₃ in the sugar-, starch-, and fibre-fraction (approximately 50 % of the absorped ¹⁴C) could be shown. This fraction reached 0.44–1.21 % of total C-assimilation of the shoot during growing stage F9/F10 on the Feeke-scala. 1/3 of the HCO₃-fraction resting in the soil was bound organically indicating that microorganisms may be able to utilize exogenous anorganic CO₂/HCO₃ for their photosynthesis.     

Molecular mapping of genic male-sterile genes ms15, ms5 and ms6 in tetraploid cotton

Two genic male sterile (GMS) lines, Lang-A conditioned by ms ₁₅ and Zhongkang-A conditioned by ms ₅ ms ₆ duplicate recessive genes in Gossypium hirsutum L., were chosen to map GMS genes. These two lines were crossed with Gossypium barbadense cv. 'Hai7124' to produce segregating populations. The ms ₁₅ gene was mapped on chromosome 12, and was flanked by two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, NAU2176 and NAU1278, with a genetic distance of 0.8 and 1.9 cM respectively. The ms ₅ and ms ₆ genes were mapped to one pair of homoeologous chromosomes, ms ₅ on chromosome 12 flanked by three SSR markers, NAU3561, NAU2176 and NAU2096, with genetic distances of 1.4, 1.8 and 1.8 cM, respectively, and ms ₆ on chromosome 26 flanked by two SSR markers, BNL1227 and NAU460, with a genetic distance of 1.4 and 1.7 cM respectively. These tightly linked markers with the ms ₁₅ , ms ₅ and ms ₆ genes can be used in the marker-assisted selection among segregating populations in a breeding programme, and provide the foundation for gene isolation by map-based cloning for these three genes.     

Cytogenetic study of Helianthus laevigatus and its F1 and BC1F1 hybrids with cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus

Although the wild sunflower species Helianthus laevigatus has not been extensively studied it may be considered for sunflower breeding as a potential source of desirable genes for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance and high contents of proteins and linoleic acid in the seed. A set of six H. laevigatus populations was crossed to cultivated sun~ower lines and produced nine F₁ (2-14 plants) and 66 BC₁F₁ hybrid combinations (1-13 plants). Male sterility occurred in F₁ and BC₁F₁ hybrid combinations and pollen viability was lower in the progenies than in the parents (51.6-77.2%in F₁ and in F₁ and 4.8-34.0% in BC₁F₁). Meiosis was normal in the H. laevigatus populations It was found that this tetraploid species also occurred in a hexaploid form Numerous irregularities were observed in the meiosis of the F₁ interspecific hybrids During diakinesis, quadrivalents and hexavalents were recorded in addition to bivalents Dislocated chromosomes and chromosome bridges were present in the other phases The chromosome number in F₁ was 68 (tetraploid). Irregularities in chromosome pairing were observed in the interspecific hybrids at BC₁F₁. There were many univalents, and trivalents quadrivalents and hexavalents were also present The chromosome number in the BC₁F₁ generation ranged from 34 to 60. The occurrence of meiotic irregularities in the F₁ and BC₁F₁ interspecific hybrids indicates that H. laevigatus and the cultivated sunflower differ in genome constitution.     

Trichome characteristics of F1Lycopersicon esculentum × L. cheesmanii f. minor and L. esculentum × L. pennellii hybrids and effects on Myzus persicae

Summary The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is a serious pest of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Trichome-based host plant resistance of wild Lycopersicon species may offer an alternative to pesticides for management of this pest. Two wild species, Lycopersicon cheesmanii f. minor and L. pennellii, were crossed with L. esculentum and the types and densities of trichomes possessed by the F₁ hybrids measured. The effects of these trichomes on M. persicae were assessed by placing nymphs on leaves and, 96 hr later, designating each nymph as either dead, alive, emigrating off the leaf or unaccounted for. A generalised linear model was used to detect relationships between the numbers of nymphs in each designation and the densities of trichomes and leaf area. Mortality of nymphs on L. pennellii hybrids was associated with high densities of type IV and low densities of type I trichomes. Mortality of nymphs on L. cheesmanii f. minor hybrids was associated with high densities of type III trichomes. An increase in the densities of type III trichomes on L. pennellii hybrids was associated with greater numbers of nymphs emigrating off the leaf whilst unaccounted nymphs on L. pennellii hybrids were associated with increased densities of type VII and type I trichomes. Further experimentation using excised leaflets found mortality on L. pennellii hybrids may be due to nymphs being hindered by type I trichomes and increased densities of type V trichomes were associated with greater numbers of unhindered nymphs. Implications of results are discussed in the context of introducing trichome-based host plant resistance into L. esculentum.     

14CO2 Assimilation and Translocation of 14C-Photosynthates by Different Parts of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

The role of leaves, stem and reproductive parts in ¹⁴CO₂ fixation and subsequent photosynthate translocation was studied in Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.) at three growth stages. The data indicated that leaves, stem and pods are important sources of photosynthates for seed filling. At bud emergence stage leaves are the principle site of ¹⁴CO₂, fixation. The contribution of leaves declines at subsequent stages, where as the contribution of pod walls increased from bud emergence stage to ripening stage. The contribution of the stem remains more or less constant at all three growth stages studied. Although stem can fix ¹⁴CO², at bud emergence and flowering stages it imported ¹⁴C-photosynthates from leaves. However, stem exported photosynthates during subsequent growth stages.     

Hybridization of two diploid Vaccinium section Cyanococcus species with diploid Vaccinium arboreum in section Batodendron

Several characteristics from sparkleberry (V. arboreum) would be useful if transferred to highbush blueberry cultivars, but to date all direct crosses have failed. The purpose of this research was to see whether crosses of diploid V. darrowii and diploid V. fuscatum (both section Cyanococcus) with diploid V. arboreum (section Batodendron) could be made and to assess the possibility of transferring traits from V. arboreum into cultivated blueberries of section Cyanococcus. Many crosses were successful and easy to make. Crosses were more productive when V. arboreum was the pollen parent, but some hybrids were also obtained with V. arboreum as seed parent. Pollen stainability of F₁ (V. darrowii × V. arboreum) hybrids was low, ranging from 0.9 to 23.7%. Numerous meiotic abnormalities were found in the F₁ hybrids. These led to a high percentage of incomplete and unstained tetrads and probably to the production of unreduced gametes.     

WO3/g-C3N4复合催化剂的制备及其可见光 光催化性能分析

在盐酸质子化条件下,采用超声微波协助法成功制备了可见光型复合催化剂WO₃/g-C₃N₄。利用X射线多晶粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis)和BET比表面测试仪对样品进行了表征,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物对其光催化性能进行研究。结果表明:复合催化剂样品是由片状的WO₃纳米片负载在g-C₃N₄表面组成的。当WO₃负载的质量分数为40%时,前驱物在500℃条件下煅烧2 h后所得样品的光催化性能明显好于同条件下制得的单一相WO₃和g-C₃N₄,在可见光(波长大于420 nm)照射下,5 h内对100 mL浓度为10^-5 mol/L罗丹明B橙溶液的降解高达98%。     

High Temperature Influence 14CO2 Assimilation and Allocation of 14C into Different Biochemical Fractions in the Leaves of Indian Mustard

Influence of high temperature stress on photosynthesis and allocation of carbon into different biochemical fractions in mature leaves of Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea (L) Czern] was investigated. Heat stress reduced ¹⁴CO₂ fixation and inhibited the translocation of carbon from the leaves. Allocation of ¹⁴C into starch and residue fractions was significantly lower in heat stressed plant leaves. Starch content was significantly reduced in heat stressed plants.