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目前耐除草剂花生的种质资源匮乏,这制约了花生栽培模式的多元化发展。为创制耐不同除草剂的花生种质资源,我们利用甲基磺酸乙酯诱变技术创建了一个由55,000多个花生株系组成的诱变群体,随后选择多种不同除草剂对该群体进行筛选,获得多个对不同除草剂具有耐性的花生突变体。其中一个突变体在田间叶面喷施处理和多种实验室条件下的除草剂耐受性评估试验中均表现出对唑嘧磺草胺和双氟磺草胺极强的耐性,但这种耐性性状并未对花生的产量与品质产生不良影响。为明确这种性状是否与除草剂靶标抗性相关联,我们比较分析了该突变体与野生型中这2种除草剂靶标酶(乙酰羟酸合酶,AHAS)的基因序列及其表达量的差异。分子克隆与序列分析显示,花生A10与B10染色体上各含一个与拟南芥AtAHAS序列高度相似的基因,分别命名为AhAHAS1a与AhAHAS1b。花生A08与B08染色体上亦各含一个AHAS基因,分别命名为AhAHAS2a与AhAHAS2b。然而,与野生型相比,突变体中的这些基因并未发生能够致使氨基酸序列发生改变的核苷酸替换。进而发现, AhAHAS基因的表达量在突变体与野生型中没有显著差异。这些结果表明,该花生突变体的除... 相似文献
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HPPD抑制剂类除草剂快速增长的独到之处及其重点品种、研发品种详述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正>对羟基苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶(HPPD)是目前最重要的除草剂作用靶标之一。在全球20余类除草剂中,HPPD抑制剂类除草剂近年来增长较快,备受行业瞩目。其活性高、杀草谱广、化学结构多样、新产品持续上市、对作物安全性好、抗性风险低等,成为该类产品实现领先增长的基石。尤其是在除草剂行业对全新作用机理的化合物"望眼欲穿"的迫切形势下,"抗性风险低"成为市场的一大亮点。 相似文献
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在对油菜抗咪唑啉酮类除草剂基因Bn ALS1R克隆与功能验证基础上,为比较抗性基因编码的乙酰乳酸合酶突变体S638N酶学特性及其对ALS类除草剂抗性与野生型的差异,构建基因原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌中表达S638N和野生型的重组融合蛋白。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明,S638N和野生型均能表达出约74 k D的特异性重组蛋白。纯化目的蛋白,在不同温度和pH条件下,测定S638N和野生型的酶活性。结果显示,温度和pH对突变酶活性的影响与野生型相同,表现为先升后降,在37℃、pH 7.0条件下催化活性均最高。同时,该突变酶的酶学动力学参数Km和Vmax与野生型没有显著差异,其对3个辅助因子的响应曲线也与野生型类似,缺少其中任何一个辅助因子均使突变酶S638N基本都没有活性。然而,突变酶S638N对IMI类除草剂抗性显著高于野生型,而对Su类除草剂敏感性和野生型相同。因此,突变酶S638N具有对IMI类除草剂的专一抗性,但未改变酶学反应特征。 相似文献
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除草剂抗性农作物育种研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
《作物杂志》2017,(2)
概述了我国农作物田间杂草的主要类型、除草剂主要类型及其作用机制以及农作物除草剂抗性主要机制,综述了作物除草剂抗性育种的研究进展,比较了传统育种和转基因育种方式培育除草剂抗性作物的优缺点,总结了转基因育种存在的安全性问题。同时介绍了转基因培育除草剂抗性作物中常用的抗性基因以及基因转入受体的方式,展望了CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPRassociated protein 9)等基因编辑技术在农作物除草剂抗性育种研究中的应用与发展前景。 相似文献
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《农药市场信息》2020,(6)
正近日,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所周焕斌团队提出并应用单碱基编辑技术介导的植物内源基因定向进化技术,开发出具有除草剂抗性的水稻新种质,助力农作物精准分子育种。该团队在前期开发一系列单碱基编辑器基础之上,提出了单碱基编辑技术介导的水稻内源靶标基因的定向进化技术理念,在水稻细胞内人工模拟自然界基因的长期进化过程,短时间内创制成千上万个靶基因的新等位基因材料,用于育种筛选。这项研究针对水稻除草剂基因进行引导,通过除草剂抗性筛选,成功鉴定出4个自然界中未曾被发现的、对除草剂具有不同抗性程度的新等位基因。并通过单碱基编辑技术引入到水稻生产品种南粳46中,将其升级为通过苗期一、两次施药,生育期田 相似文献
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乙酰乳酸合成酶及ALS基因研究概述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂类除草剂以其独有的优点,20世纪90年代以来一直占领世界除草剂市场。抗草甘膦转基因作物的问世,草甘膦的销售量大幅增加,乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂类除草剂销量不断减少。然而,大量抗草甘膦杂草的产生,使得人们期望培育出抗不同类型除草剂转基因作物,抗ALS抑制剂类除草剂成为人们的首选。笔者概述了乙酰乳酸合成酶的结构、功能、除草剂作用机理、抗ALS基因的研究现状。期望对抗ALS抑制剂基因的筛选,利用提供参考。 相似文献
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覆盖作物及其作用的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在农作物种植系统中,田间杂草、土壤因素对作物的生长发育、产量和品质的影响一直都是农业领域关注的热点。大量使用化肥和除草剂可以达到作物增产、除草的目的,但其对土壤和环境造成的负面影响,严重制约了农业生产的可持续发展。种植覆盖作物是一种实现农业可持续发展的新策略,可以达到控制杂草、减少氮肥施用、改善土壤质量等目的。本文主要从覆盖作物的起源与发展过程、主要种类和作用及其种植制度等方面,总结了目前覆盖作物的研究进展及其在作物种植中的应用,以期为覆盖作物在我国农业生产中的研究与应用提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Deirdre Lemerle Alison Smith Birgitte Verbeek Eric Koetz Peter Lockley Peter Martin 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):85-95
Total reliance on herbicides for weed control is unsustainable with the spread of herbicide resistance and the environmental need to reduce pesticide use. Strongly competitive wheat crops that have high tolerance to weed pressure and therefore maintain high yields in the presence of weeds are a low-cost option for reducing dependence on herbicides. We examined the feasibility of selecting for wheat tolerance to weeds by crossing varieties differing for traits associated with competitiveness. Competitive ability and yield potential must be treated as separate traits for selection. Current measures of crop tolerance to weed competition do not separate the two traits so that selection based on these measures is often synonymous with selection for yield potential rather than pure tolerance. We propose a new measure, termed Incremental Crop Tolerance (ICT) that reflects the incremental yield difference between genotypes associated with tolerance, over and above differences in underlying yield potential. 相似文献
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Lakhpat Singh Rawat R. K. Maikhuri Yateesh M. Bahuguna N. K. Jha P. C. Phondani 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(1):45-60
Recent developments in weed science and allied aspects have involved several interdisciplinary approaches. In this context, indiscriminate use of herbicides for weed control has become a questionable subject, which besides controlling the weeds, the chemical herbicides are harmful in many ways to soil, crops, other plants and the environment as a whole. Taking into consideration ecologically sound weed management, in modern days the reliance on chemical herbicides has decreased and a shift towards naturally occurring biological herbicides has received great attention throughout the world. Sunflower is an annual dicotyledonous plant, herbaceous, erect, and a native of North America. It is thermo and photo-insensitive, hence it can be grown year round in sub-tropical and tropical countries. Only two spp. Helianthus annuus L. and Helianthus tuberosum are cultivated for food, the remaining spp., are ornamentals weeds and wild plants. However, H. annuus is allelopathic and inhibits the growth and development of other plants thus reducing their productivity. Sunflower is a major oil-yielding crop in India and its cultivation in northwest India started 25 to 30 years ago in areas located in the plains. In this region, rice-wheat rotation became very popular owing to its high yields; however, these crops are highly infested by weeds, thus farmers use herbicides for their control. Hence, this rotation consumes a maximum quantity of herbicides in this region, which has resulted in several problems viz., environmental pollution, human health hazards, and development of herbicide resistance in weeds. Thus, serious ecological questions about the reliance on herbicides for weed control in this rotation have been raised. One of the alternatives to overcome these problems is with the use of allelopathic strategies, including the use of weed-smothering crops for weed management and for the sustainability of agriculture. The field, pot culture, and laboratory studies have shown that inclusion of sunflower crops in rotation and intercropping considerably reduced the weed population in the current and succeeding crops. Rhizosphere soil of sunflower drastically smothered the weed germination, population, and biomass. The residual suppression effect of sunflower also persisted in the next crop up to 75 days. Thus, it is conceptualized that the inclusion of such oilseed crops before the rice crop in the rice-wheat rotation may provide satisfactory weed control in the succeeding rice crops and may minimize the use of herbicides. Likewise, the replacement of sorghum by summer sunflower oilseed crops may also help in the control of summer as well as winter weeds. More studies in this direction may provide avenues for satisfactory weed management in agro-ecosystems and may help to minimize the use of herbicides and thereby pave the way to develop sustainable agricultural practices for biodiversity conservation and enhancing biological integrity. 相似文献
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作物抗倒伏的评价方法研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
倒伏是由内外因素引发的植株茎秆从自然直立状态到永久错位的现象,人们在倒伏对产量和品质的影响研究方面做了大量工作,并创立了许多评价方法。笔者从作物茎秆的化学成分与形态结构、力学原理和QTL定位等方面对抗倒伏的评价方法进行了总结:纤维素和木质素的含量多少与倒伏有紧密的联系;同时,作物的株高、茎节的长度、单茎的鲜重以及维管束的面积、密度、视野中的数量等许多形态显微结构与倒伏亦有关系;许多专家利用力学原理对多种作物的抗倒能力进行了实验,最后,对研究作物倒伏评价方法的研究方向进行了探讨。 相似文献