河西走廊食用向日葵引种试验

食用向日葵是甘肃河西走廊的主要经济作物之一,但品种选育与引进筛选已严重滞后于生产。为筛选出适于河西走廊栽培的优良品种,从国内外引进9个食葵品种,在大田春播条件下种植,并对其生育期、田间生育性状、产量等主要经济性状等进行调查。经过2年的试验,筛选出的 JK103、L419这2个品种,分别较对照增产20.4%和15%,达到极显著水平。植株生长整齐、株高适中、子粒品质好。有望在河西地区大面积推广,发展成为食葵产业的主栽品种。     

景泰灌区玉米新品种引种试验初报

以景泰灌区主栽品种先玉335为对照,对省内外引进的8个玉米新品种进行比较试验,对各品种的物候期、经济性状、产量进行评价。结果表明,先单13、大丰30、博品1号3个品种生育期适中、综合性状表现好、产量高,适宜在灌区推广种植,农华101和先玉1225适宜扩大试验示范。本试验为选择景泰灌区推广种植的玉米新品种提供了科学依据。     

灌区冬小麦高产优质配套技术

“小麦 玉米”种植模式是关中灌区吨粮田高产开发的主要形式，小麦部分目标产量为6000-7500kg/hm^2。本文组装配套“九五”最新研究成果，从品种选择，播种，田间管理等方面，系统论述了陕西省东灌区小麦高产优质配套技术体系。     

超高产、优质春小麦新品种陇春29号的选育

春小麦是甘肃河西地区的主要粮食作物,常年播种面积30万hm2左右,是我国重要的春小麦高产区和商品粮产区。过去近30年间,区内春小麦生产上持续推广种植的当家品种宁春4号,表现高产、稳产、广适、优质(标准的优质中筋面条、馒头加工用品种),满足了区域内不同时期生产及消费市场对小麦品种特征特性的不同要求。能够替代或局部替换宁春4号的接班品种选育,是春小麦育种研究工作的具体目标。甘肃省农科院小麦所在选育超高产、优质中筋面条馒头专用     

河西走廊应恢复冬小麦规模化种植生产

河西走廊是我国重要的商品粮基地,小麦是该区域优势粮食作物。近年河西地区春小麦种植面积直线下降,根本原因是春小麦生产耗水高且比较效益低。在河西地区恢复冬小麦规模化种植生产,是实现节水高效,提高小麦品质,增粮保生态的有效措施。应在品种筛选、配套栽培技术、复种作物、生产加工等科技支撑和政府扶持方面做出努力。     

食用向日葵新品种SH363种植密度试验

SH363食用向日葵新品种2011年通过甘肃省认定,认定编号：甘认葵2011003。2010年、2011年连续在甘肃民勤、河西地区多点试验、示范,该品种表现出了优良的产量性状和商品性状。为了充分发挥品种优势,给农民提供科学合理的种植方法,     

大豆新品种陇黄3号

陇黄3号是甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所于2010年从山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所引进,以晋豆42为母本、鲁豆4号为父本杂交F3,经连续多年选育而成的常规大豆新品种。该品种高产、稳产、适应性广,田间抗病、抗倒伏能力强,综合性状优良,于2018年通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:甘审豆20180002。适宜在甘肃、河西及陇东地区种植。     

河西灌溉条件下宁春4号产量及主要农艺性状分析

以2001—2011年品比试验材料为依据,对春小麦品种宁春4号在河西灌溉条件下的产量及主要农艺性状进行稳定性、相关和通径分析。结果表明：该品种在河西灌区产量稳定性好,对不同年份气候变化具有较好的适应性,株高、千粒重和产量年份间相对稳定,而穗粒数等穗部性状和有效穗数稳定性较差;主要农艺性状与产量均为正相关,其中株高呈极显著相关,有效穗数次之,千粒重、穗长较小;群体与个体间矛盾小,具有自我缓冲能力;穗粒重、株高对产量的贡献较大,而穗粒数则为主要限制因子,从而提出高产栽培和高产育种的对策措施。     

高抗丰产优质冬小麦品种陇鉴386的选育

冬小麦新品种陇鉴386是甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所于1995年用抗锈丰产亲本1321作母本,综合农艺性状优良、抗旱、抗寒、抗锈好的陇鉴127作父本,在连续旱作条件下经6年选育而成,原系号959-5-1-2-3。2001～2002年度参加新品系鉴定试验,较对照增产13.4%;2002～2004年度参加新品系比较试验,2004～2006年区域试验结果表明较对照品种增产4.7%;2006～2007年生产试验较对照增产10.72%,证明是高抗丰产优质的更新换代品种,适宜在甘肃陇东旱塬及同类地区种植。     

玉米新品种金凯8号

<正>金凯8号(原代号金凯3150)是甘肃金源种业股份有限公司选育的高产、优质、抗病性强的玉米新品种,2015年通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:甘审玉2015005。该品种出苗至成熟138d(比对照豫玉22晚熟2d),需≥10℃积温2850℃左右,属晚熟品种,适宜于甘肃省河西及中东部地区推广种植。1选育经过1.1亲本选育及特征特性母本自交系车3是用美国血缘的杂交种自交选育的二环系。该自交系株高     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.     

Disease resistance in protected crops and mushrooms

Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office.     

Genetic constitution and diversity in four narrow endemic redwoods from the family Cupressaceae

The genetic constitution and diversity of four relictual redwoods are discussed in this review. These include monotypic genera of the family Cupressaceae: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). All four species are narrow endemics, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened species. Fossil history suggests that the ancestors of redwoods probably originated during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods and flourished thereafter for millions of years. Towards the end of the Tertiary period began their decline and struggle for existence that continued during the subsequent geologic upheavals and climate changes, until the survival of the present-day redwoods in the current restricted locations in the world (USA, China, and South America). Although two species, Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia, are diploids (2n = 22), and the other two are polyploids: Fitzroya a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44), and Sequoia a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66); they all share the same basic chromosome number x = 11. The genome size in the hexaploid Sequoia is one of the largest (31,500 MB) in the conifers, while the genome sizes of diploid Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron are about one-third (~10,000 MB) of Sequoia. Genetic diversity in the redwoods is lower than most other gymnosperms, except in Sequoia, which seems to rank near the upper quarter of the coniferous forest trees. Genomic research is sparse in the redwoods, and should be pursued for a better understanding of their genome structure, function, and adaptive genetic diversity.     

The induction in vitro of adventitious shoots in Rosa

Summary Adventitious shoots were formed on excised leaves, roots and callus of Rosa persica x xanthina and on excised leaves of R. laevigata and R. wichuraiana on culture media that included BAP and NAA as growth regulators. Shoots formed freely on freshly cultured callus of R. persica x xanthina but their production declined in successive cultures and ceased after twelve weeks. Transplantation to soil was improved by rooting plantlets in cellulose plugs in vitro and transferring plantlets to soil while still in the plugs.     

Distribution,ecology and reproductive biology of wild tomatoes and related nightshades from the Atacama Desert region of northern Chile

Over the past 20 years, several expeditions were made to northern Chile to collect populations of wild tomatoes (Solanum chilense, S. peruvianum) and allied nightshades (S. lycopersicoides, S. sitiens), and obtain information about their geographic distribution, ecology and reproductive biology. Restricted mainly to drainages of the Andean and the coastal cordillera, populations are geographically fragmented. The two nightshade species are rare and threatened by human activities. Adaptation to extreme aridity and soil salinity are evident in S. chilense and S. sitiens (the latter exhibits several xerophytic traits not seen in the tomatoes) and to low temperatures in S. lycopersicoides and S. chilense. All tested accessions are self-incompatible, with the exception of one S. peruvianum population collected at the southern limit of its distribution. Several distinguishing reproductive traits—anther color, attachment, and dehiscence, pollen size, and flower scent—suggest S. sitiens and S. lycopersicoides attract different pollinators than S. chilense and S. peruvianum. The four Solanum spp. native or endemic to Chile provide a variety of novel traits which, through hybridization and introgression with cultivated tomato, could facilitate development of improved varieties, as well as research on a variety of basic topics, including plant-pollinator interactions, abiotic stress responses, and evolution of reproductive barriers.     

The exploration of genetic resources of Portuguese cabbage and kale for resistance to several Brassica diseases

Summary Twenty three accessions of nine Portuguese cabbage and kale land races from different geographic origins were tested at the seedling stage for resistance to several important brassica diseases. Resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), expressed as necrosis of the cotyledon mesophyll, was found in all the accessions. Type A resistance to cabbage yellows (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans race 1) was present in most of the landraces. Resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae race 6) was found in one accession of the Portuguese tree kale. High resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) and white rust (Albuco candida) was not detected, although several accessions showed 20 to 30% of plants with intermediate expression of resistance. All Portuguese cole accessions were susceptible to blackrot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris).     

Production and characterization of intergeneric diploid cybrids derived from symmetric fusion between Microcitrus papuana Swingle and sour orange (Citrus aurantium)

Plants were regenerated from intergeneric somatic hybridization between embryogenic protoplasts of Microcitrus papuana Swingle and leaf-derived protoplasts of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) via electrofusion. The regenerated plants were morphologically similar to the leaf parent in growth vigor, leaf and branch structure. FCM analysis showed that they were diploids. Simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) and cleaved-amplified-polymorphic-sequence(CAPS) were employed for hybridity characterization. SSR banding patterns of the regenerated plants were identical to the leaf parent, sour orange, indicating that they possessed nuclear component derived from sour orange. DNA amplification with chloroplast and mitochondrial universal primers, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion, revealed polymorphism between the fusion parents. Therefore, this method was used to determine the cytoplasmic compositions of the regenerated plants. Banding patterns for all the polymorphic primer/enzyme combinations of the regenerated plants were similar to those of the embryogenic parent, M. papuana, suggesting that only the cytoplasmic components derived from the embryogenic parent were present in the regenerated plants. FCM, SSR and CAPS demonstrated that intergeneric diploid cybrids have been successfully obtained by symmetric fusion. Related results concerning nuclear and cytoplasmic composition of previous diploid somatic hybrids and potential mechanism for regeneration of such kind of plants are discussed herein. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Breeding barriers between the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa, and related wild germplasm

Five-hundred interspecific and intergeneric crosses were performed among accessions of the wild strawberries Fragaria vesca(2x), Duchesnea indica (8x), Potentilla tucumanensis (2x) and 9 genotypes of the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria×ananassa (8x), following an incomplete diallele mating design. Crosses between D. indica and F.×ananassa produced many putative hybrids when D. indica was used as female but a few achenes and plants when used as male; therefore, pollen-pistil compatibility relations were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy in this direction of the cross. Of the genotypic combinations, 78.6% were incompatible at the stigma level and 17.2% at the first third of the style. Only 3.6% were pollen-pistil compatible and produced fruits with achenes (seven did not germinate or originated short-lived plants and nine produced normal plants). F.vesca×F.×ananassa crosses produced 35 hybrid achenes but only 14% germinated, yielding short-lived plants; histological analyses revealed that inviable seeds had less developed (or collapsed) endosperms and smaller embryos than control plump F. vesca seeds. P.tucumanensis was only used as male, with negative results. These species and genera are partially isolated by a complex system of pre- and post-zygotic barriers. Knowledge of their nature would allow the breeder to devise strategies to put the genetic variability available in the group into a useful form. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.