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1.
谢祝捷  姜东  曹卫星  戴廷波  荆奇 《作物学报》2004,30(10):1047-1052
以温室盆栽的皖麦38(高蛋白)、扬麦9号(低蛋白)两个冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.) 品种为材料,在花后土壤干旱(土壤相对含水量 = 45%~50%)和渍水状况下,分别施用6-BA(0.05 mmol/L)和NaHSO3(2 mmol/L),分析了两种生长调节物质对小麦光合特性、不同器官中物质运转和籽粒蛋白质及淀粉品质的影响。结果表明:两种生  相似文献   

2.
王莉芳  姜东  戴廷波  荆奇  曹卫星 《作物学报》2006,32(10):1560-1565
在大田和池栽条件下,以徐州26、宁麦9号、扬麦10号和扬麦9号为试验材料,研究了播期、库源改变和水氮互作对小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量的影响。结果表明,早播或迟播均能显著提高籽粒戊聚糖的含量,分别比适播提高2.13%和8.07%;去小穗处理(减库)显著降低籽粒戊聚糖含量,而剪叶处理(减源)极显著提高籽粒戊聚糖含量,两种情况均存在品种间差异;花后渍水显著提高籽粒戊聚糖含量,提高施氮量则降低其含量,但其降幅随施氮量增加而变小;追施氮肥极显著降低小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量。研究结果表明,栽培措施可能在很大程度上主要通过影响籽粒千粒重调控了戊聚糖含量。  相似文献   

3.
花后干旱和渍水对小麦籽粒HMW-GS及GMP含量的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用SDS-PAGE和切胶比色进行亚基定量,研究花后干旱和渍水对小麦强筋品种豫麦34和弱筋品种扬麦9号籽粒HMW-GS和GMP含量的影响。结果表明,两品种的干旱处理和豫麦34淹水处理在花后10 d籽粒HMW-GS形成,两品种对照和扬麦9号淹水处理在花后15 d籽粒HMW-GS形成,说明花后干旱提早了小麦籽粒HMW-GS的起始形成。干旱促进了小麦籽粒HMW-GS早期积累,但对后期积累不利,使快速积累期缩短,渍水处理更明显缩短籽粒HMW-GS快速积累期。两品种成熟期总HMW-GS和GMP含量表现为对照>干旱>渍水,且豫麦34各处理大于扬麦9号的对应处理。  相似文献   

4.
刘怀攀  朱自学  刘友良 《种子》2007,26(3):58-60
研究了渗透胁迫下,小麦品种豫麦18(抗旱性较强)和扬麦9号(抗旱性较弱)幼苗类囊体膜上非共价结合态(noncova—kndy conjugated:NCC)多胺(polyamines:PAs)和高氯酸不溶性共价结合态(perchloric acid insoluble covalently conjugated:PISCC)多胺(PA)含量的变化。发现渗透胁迫下,抗旱性弱的扬麦9号的NCC-亚精胺(sperm/dine:Spd)、PISCC-腐胺(putrescine:Put)和PISCC-Spd下降幅度明显大于抗旱性强的豫麦18;扬麦9号的NCC-精胺(spermine:Spm)含量明显下降,而豫麦18的NCC—Spin含量变化不明显。外源Spd处理明显抑制了渗透胁迫下扬麦9号类囊体膜上NCC—Spd含量的下降,也提高了扬麦9号小麦幼苗的抗性;Spd生物合成的专一性抑制剂MGBG处理,则明显促进了渗透胁迫下豫麦18类囊体膜上NCC—Spd含量的下降,也降低了豫麦18小麦幼苗的抗性。PISCC—PAs生物合成的专一性抑制剂-o-phen处理,促进了渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗类囊体膜上PISCC—PAs含量的下降,而且明显降低了小麦幼苗的抗性。结果表明:小麦幼苗类囊体膜上NCC—Spd、NCC—Spm、PISCC—spd和PISCC—Put水平在胁迫条件下的稳定有利于增强小麦幼苗适应渗透胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

5.
赵辉  荆奇  戴廷波  姜东  曹卫星 《作物学报》2007,33(12):2021-2027
以2个蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种扬麦9号和豫麦34为材料,在人工气候室条件下研究了花后高温和水分逆境对小麦籽粒蛋白质合成关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质组分含量的影响。结果表明,籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量显著受温度、水分和温度×水分互作的影响,且温度的影响大于水分及温度×水分的影响。高温提高了籽粒蛋白质含量,但降低了谷/醇比。无论高温或适温下,干旱胁迫均提高籽粒蛋白质含量。谷/醇比在适温干旱下升高,高温干旱下降低;渍水降低籽粒蛋白质含量和谷/醇比。籽粒蛋白质含量在高温干旱下最高,适温渍水下最低。在温度和水分逆境下,籽粒醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的变化是导致蛋白质含量和谷/醇比差异的主要原因。高温和水分逆境均降低旗叶谷胺酰氨合成酶(GS)和籽粒谷-丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,不同温度条件下酶活性均表现为对照>干旱>渍水。高温和水分逆境对蛋白质合成关键酶活性的影响在不同品种间存在差异,适温下,豫麦34旗叶GS活性易受水分的抑制;扬麦9旗叶GS活性易受高温的抑制。高温下,豫麦34旗叶氮代谢受高温影响较大,而扬麦9则更易受水分胁迫影响。  相似文献   

6.
灌浆期短暂高温对小麦淀粉形成的影响   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
采用人工气候室控温,研究了灌浆期高温对弱、中筋两个小麦品种淀粉形成的影响。结果表明,温度从25℃升至30℃有利于籽粒总淀粉积累,当灌浆温度超过30℃时,温度升高,总淀粉含量下降,40℃时总淀粉含量最低。在相同温度条件下,小麦淀粉的形成以花后第25~27天高温胁迫影响最大,花后第33~35天高温胁迫影响最小。当温度超过25℃时,随温度的升高,剑叶可溶性糖、蔗糖含量和SPS酶活性呈下降趋势。40℃处理使SS、SBE酶活性最低,峰值在25~30℃之间。40℃高温胁迫下,弱筋小麦扬麦9号籽粒淀粉粒呈椭圆型,与蛋白质鞘结合较疏松,角质化程度低;中筋小麦扬麦12籽粒淀粉粒受到伤害,呈扁圆形,并出现裂纹,说明灌浆期短暂高温胁迫对扬麦12的影响大于对扬麦9号。  相似文献   

7.
氮肥运筹对弱筋小麦群体指标与产量和品质形成的影响   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
以弱筋小麦品种扬麦9号和宁麦9号为材,研究了不同施氮水平及基追比对群体指标、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,孕穗期叶面积指数(LAI)随施氮量的增加而提高;小麦籽粒产量及成熟期生物产量、花后干物质积累量与施氮量均呈二次曲线关系;籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与施氮量呈极显著正相关。增加后期追氮比例及同比例2次追氮均提高了成熟期生物产量、花后干物质积累量、茎蘖成穗率、孕穗期LAI、籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量。花后干物质积累量、成熟期生物产量、成穗数、茎蘖成穗率与产量呈显著或极显著正相关,拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期LAI与产量呈显著或极显著二次曲线关系。弱筋小麦实现优质和产量7 000 kg hm-2的氮肥运筹技术以施氮量200 kg hm-2和基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为7∶2∶1,其高产优质协调的关键群体调控指标,最适LAI为6.9,花后干物质积累量和成熟期生物产量分别为5 300和16 500 kg hm-2,成穗数为466×104 hm-2,茎蘖成穗率为50%。  相似文献   

8.
华南8号木薯光合特性对土壤水分响应的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
摘 要:为了探讨土壤水分对华南8号木薯(SC8)光合作用-光响应特性的影响,本研究在土壤相对含水量(SRWC)20%~80%范围,采用盆栽方式种植SC8。在不同SRWC下栽培约4周后,使用LI-6400光合作用测定仪,测量净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)等参数。结果表明, 当SRWC>50%时,Pmax、AQY、LCP、LSP随着SRWC的增加变化较小;而当SRWC<50%时,Pmax、AQY、LSP随SRWC的减少呈明显的下降趋势;LCP随SRWC的减少呈明显的上升趋势。影响SC8光合作用的主要原因既有气孔因素又有非气孔因素,低光照时(PAR≤400μmol?m-2?s-1),影响光合作用的主要原因是气孔因素,而高光照时(PAR≥600μmol?m-2?s-1),影响光合作用的主要原因是非气孔因素,且气孔因素和非气孔因素对光合作用的限制作用均表现为低SRWC大于高SRWC。SC8进行光合作用适宜SRWC的低限临界值可能在50%附近。  相似文献   

9.
为探究施氮处理对不同筋型小麦的植株性状、籽粒产量和品质的影响,采用盆栽试验,选用强筋小麦品种中麦578(A1)和中麦5051(A2)、弱筋小麦品种扬麦15(A3)和扬麦24(A4)为供试品种,在施氮量相同的条件下进行底施(B1)和追施(B2)处理。结果表明:在其他栽培措施相同条件下,强筋小麦穗长、总小穗数、千粒重和籽粒产量均优于弱筋小麦,其中A1籽粒产量分别比A2、A3和A4高0.44%、49.81%和15.27%;施氮处理中B2的株高、穗长、穗粒数、总小穗数和籽粒产量均高于B1;不同处理组合中,强筋小麦品种A1B2的植株和产量性状优于其他处理;强筋小麦品种的籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量均高于弱筋小麦品种,且具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。本试验中强筋小麦品种中麦5051在氮肥追施处理中可以兼顾籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量。  相似文献   

10.
花后灌水对小麦籽粒品质性状及产量的影响   总被引:33,自引:5,他引:28  
在池栽防雨条件下,研究了小麦花后不同灌水时期、不同灌水次数对籽粒产量及品质性状的影响。结果表明,在花前限量灌水条件下(135 mm),花后灌水(45~90 mm)可显著提高小麦籽粒产量及蛋白质产量;虽然多数品质性状在花后不灌水(CK)条件下获得最大值,但灌1水未引起品质性状的明显变化;随灌水次数增加,各品质性状变劣  相似文献   

11.
在大田条件下,以多穗型小麦‘烟农19’和大穗型小麦‘兰考矮早8’两个不同穗型的冬小麦为材料,研究了不同施氮量及氮肥基追比例对小麦营养器官花前贮藏同化物再运转,花后同化物输入籽粒量,产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,氮肥水平在225~300 kg/hm2范围内,多穗型小麦‘烟农19’和大穗型麦‘兰考矮早8’籽粒产量的形成均以花后绿色器官光合同化为主,其次才是花前积累干物质的再动员分配。大穗型品种‘兰考矮早8’籽粒产量的形成较多穗型品种‘烟农19’更依赖于花后绿色器官同化,积累干物质再运转分配只占籽粒产量的15%左右。两种穗型品种小麦花前贮存物质再动员分配对籽粒产量的贡献都随着氮肥后移而降低。随着施氮量的增加,运转物质对籽粒产量的贡献率呈降低趋势。综合物质运转和产量表现,‘烟农19’施氮量300 kg/hm2,基追比例5:5时较适宜;‘兰考矮早8’施氮量262.5 kg/hm2,氮肥基追比例7:3时较适宜。  相似文献   

12.
When rains end early, grain yield productivity of pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.), a rainfed cereal crop of arid and semi-arid regions is limited by water deficits during flowering and grainfilling. Reserves of assimilates present at flowering and available for later remobilization to the grains, could act has buffer under water deficit conditions during flowering and grainfilling. The contribution of pre- and post-anthesis assimilates to grain yield under water-deficit conditions during flowering and grainfilling was investigated by 14C labeling of leaves at boot and 10 days after anthesis of field-grown plants. Water deficit resulted in 20 percent reduction to grain yield in the main tiller. The distribution pattern of labeled carbon at harvest in various plant parts in water deficit and irrigated control treatments was similar. About 25 percent of the pre-anthesis assimilates was translocated to the grain at harvest, while 95 percent of the post-anthesis (current) assimilates was translocated to the grain. At grain maturity, about 60 percent of the pre-anthesis assimilate was distributed in inflorescence structures, and in upper three inter-nodes which were the active sinks at boot stage. Post-anthesis assimilates were directed towards the grain development which was the active sink after flowering. In conclusion, about 25 percent of the pre-anthesis assimilates are translocated to the grain at harvest and there was no additional contribution under water deficit and post-anthesis assimilates were primarily translocated to the developing grain.  相似文献   

13.
Drought and flooding during grain filling have become major constraints to wheat quality and yield. The impacts of water deficits and waterlogging during the grain filling on contents of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and of glutenin macropolymers (GMP) in grains of the winter wheat cultivar Yumai 34 with high grain protein content (GPC) and Yangmai 9 with low GPC were studied. At maturity, GPC was higher under drought and lower under waterlogging compared to the control, while contents of GMP and HMW-GS were reduced by the two water-stress treatments. The contents of both HMW-GS and GMP were higher in Yumai 34 than in Yangmai 9. A drought event after anthesis increased the accumulation of HMW-GS during the early grain filling stage. By contrast, waterlogging reduced the accumulation of HMW-GS during the whole grain filling phase. At maturity, the HMW-GS and GMP to protein ratios were also depressed under the two water-stress events, while the HMW-GS to GMP ratio was very close between the three treatments in Yumai 34 and much higher under the control than the drought and waterlogging treaments in Yangmai 9. It is concluded that the variation in GMP content with various water-stress treatments is attributed to the changing in accumulation of HMW-GS in the grain.  相似文献   

14.
When wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown under heat-stress conditions during grain filling, preanthesis stored total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and nitrogen (N) could serve as alternative source of assimilates. This study was performed to evaluate wheat genotypes for their ability to accumulate and remobilize TNC and N stored in their stem to support grain filling under heat stress. Eighteen genotypes were used for N remobilization study while nine of them were used for TNC remobilization study. They were grown in pots and placed in a vinyl house with the maximum temperature kept below 30 °C. Five days after anthesis (5DAA), half of the pots were taken to phytotrons where temperature was gradually increased and the maximum was set at 38 °C. Grain yield and grain weight decreased by about 35 % under heat stress. Significant differences were found among genotypes in percentage reduction in grain yield, grain weight, grain filling duration and harvest index because of heat stress. The N and TNC concentrations of the stem at 5DAA were significantly different among genotypes. Heat stress significantly reduced the N remobilization efficiency of most of genotypes. However, heat stress significantly increased TNC remobilization efficiency and significant variation were observed among genotypes. N remobilization efficiency across treatments significantly correlated with grain yield, grain weight, harvest index and grain filling duration. TNC at 5DAA negatively correlated with N at 5DAA and harvest index, but the TNC remobilization efficiency under heat stress positively correlated with mainstem grain yield, grain weight and harvest index. The rate of chlorophyll loss from flag leaf positively correlated with N and TNC remobilization efficiencies under heat stress suggesting a link between leaf senescence and remobilization efficiency. The results indicate that heat stress negatively affected grain yield, its components and N remobilization while it increased TNC remobilization because of the increasing demand for resources.  相似文献   

15.
采用对渍水胁迫和渍水锻炼响应差异的小麦品种为材料,在四叶一心期和六叶一心期分别进行渍水锻炼2 d;在开花后7d进行渍水胁迫5d,分析不同小麦品种对渍水胁迫响应的差异及其生理机制。结果表明,花后渍水胁迫显著降低旗叶叶绿素含量(SPAD)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ),抑制花后光合同化物积累(PAA),导致籽粒千粒重和产量降低;与不耐渍型品种相比,耐渍型品种在渍水胁迫下可维持较高的SPAD、ΦPSⅡ和PAA,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)以及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)酶活性提高,过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-~)和丙二醛(MDA)含量较低。与花前未进行渍水锻炼和花后渍水处理(NW)相比,花前渍水锻炼和花后渍水处理(PW)下,渍水锻炼敏感型品种较渍水锻炼不敏感品种显著提高了花后渍水胁迫下小麦旗叶SPAD (8.8%)和ΦPSⅡ(17.6%)、降低非调节性能量耗散ΦNO (10.7%)和...  相似文献   

16.
施氮时期对夏玉米碳氮运转及氮肥利用的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以提高夏玉米氮肥利用率、减少氮肥污染为着眼点,研究了不同施氮时期(三叶期施氮、大喇叭口期施氮、三叶期施氮结合大喇叭口期展追氮)对夏玉米植株碳氮运转及氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明,与不施氮相比,施氮降低了茎鞘、叶片等营养器官花前贮藏物质运转量和运转率以及总运转量和运转率,减弱了玉米各营养器官花前贮藏物质向籽粒的再运转能力.施氮降低了植株花前贮藏氮素总运转量和运转率,提高了籽粒全氮含量.三叶期施氮结合大喇叭口期追氮处理下夏玉米的氮肥利用率最高,较三叶期施氮和大喇叭口期施氮分别提高了21.8个百分点和22.8个百分点,较好的提高了夏玉米当季氮肥利用率,能够有效地降低因氮素损失而造成的农田污染.  相似文献   

17.
王维  张建华  杨建昌  朱庆森 《作物学报》2004,30(10):1019-1025
选用春性小麦品种扬麦158和扬麦11为材料,设置出穗后高氮和正常氮两个水平及土壤水分胁迫处理(WS),以正常浇水为对照(WW),研究适度土壤干旱对贪青迟熟小麦籽粒灌浆和茎鞘贮藏性碳水化合物分配的影响。结果表明,在始穗期施用过量氮肥(HN)导致小麦贪青迟熟,主要表现为灌浆速率和产量降低,茎鞘中滞留大量贮藏性糖。在灌浆  相似文献   

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