饲用高粱品质性状配合力分析

为了科学、准确地评价高粱主干亲本系,进一步利用现有资源提高高粱品质育种效率,选用6个不育系,6个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交法组配36个杂交组合,对饲用高粱的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、总淀粉含量、单宁含量4个品质性状进行了配合力分析。结果表明,不育系东北1-26A和恢复系HD31是一般配合力较高的饲用高粱亲本系,这两个亲本配制的杂交种蛋白质含量11.70%、脂肪含量3.48%、总淀粉含量73.40%、单宁含量0.75%,是优良的高蛋白质高粱杂交组合。由于蛋白质、脂肪、总淀粉含量的狭义遗传力都大于50%,表明这3个性状可以通过选择优良亲本系来提高,而单宁含量的狭义遗传力偏低,特殊配合力较高,所以单宁含量品种选育应侧重于特殊配合力。     

粳型杂种稻米品质性状的表现及遗传控制

研究了由4个不育系及其保持系与7个恢复系配组的24个粳型杂种的9个品质性状的遗传表现 , 结果表明： (1)杂种粳米的品质性状表现普遍介于双亲之间, 但粒宽和直链淀粉含量有 较多的超高亲组合, 糙米率和精米率有较多的超低亲组合。 (2)杂种的整精米率、 粒长、 粒宽、 垩白率、 糊化温度5个性状与不育系呈显著正相关; 糙米     

强再生力糯质酿酒高粱泸糯8号

泸糯8号是四川省农科院水稻高粱研究所用自育糯不育系45A与自育糯恢复系07221于2000年配组育成的三系糯质高粱杂交种,表现产量高,抗叶斑病,淀粉含量高,出酒率高,是酿造浓香型、酱香型和小曲     

优质糯高粱晋糯1号选育报告

晋糯1号是山西高粱研究所和四川水稻高粱研究所合作,以自选糯质不育系45A为母本,自选恢复系0853R为父本杂交组配而成。该杂交种支链淀粉含量高,糯性遗传完全,农艺性状好,高产、高抗,是优异的特用酿酒高粱杂交种。     

春播早熟区高粱杂种优势群及杂种优势模式分析

杂种优势群的划分对于拓宽亲本间遗传基础、提高育种效率,培育突破性新品种具有重要的指导作用。本研究利用全基因组重测序技术对55份春播早熟区40余年生产中主推杂交种亲本系进行全基因组扫描,分析其群体结构,估算遗传距离,划分杂种优势群,分析主推杂交种的杂种优势模式。结果表明,利用全基因组5×测序,过滤到1,304,623个高质量SNP标记用于群体结构分析和杂种优势类群划分。55份高粱亲本系平均遗传距离为0.704,变幅0.627～0.927。多态信息含量(polymorphism information content, PIC)平均为0.2935,变幅为0.1～0.5。群体结构和主成分分析将55份亲本系划分为4个杂种优势群:都拉群(Durra, D群)、卡佛尔/都拉群(Kafir/Durra, KD群)、俄罗斯/卡佛尔群(Russia/Kafir,RK群)、中国高粱群(Kaoliang,K群)。25个主推杂交种中76%的杂交种杂种优势模式为Kafir/Durra×Kaoliang模式,主推高粱杂交种的不育系主要来源于引自国外的Kafir和Durra群,恢复系多来源于我国自产的Kaolian...     

酿酒糯高粱新品种九糯1号的选育

九糯1号是吉林市农业科学院作物研究所于2011年以自选不育系1401A为母本、自选恢复系九糯1R为父本组配而成的支链淀粉含量100%的糯高粱杂交种,该品种综合农艺性状优良,产量比同熟期粳高粱略高,是酿造优质白酒的糯高粱杂交种,于2019年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记。     

几个优良籼稻亲本品质配合力和杂种优势分析

以3个不育系和10个恢复系为材料，采用NCII交配设计研究10个米质性状的配合力和杂种优势，结果表明：（1）大多数品质性状介于双亲之间，除粒重表现一定的超高亲优势，垩白度和粒宽表现一定的正向平均优势外，其它品质性状优势不明显。（2）杂种稻米的品质性状主要受不育系或恢复系的影响，其中，对于粒长、粒宽和直链淀粉含量这3个性状，不育系的影响要高于恢复系，而对于整精米率、粒重、垩白率、垩白度和糊化温度，则表现为恢复系的影响要高于不育系。（3）就优质育种的利用价值而言，不育系中以广占63-4S为好，而恢复系中则以扬稻6号为好，蜀恢527、镇恢084次之，用上述亲本选配的杂交组合米质较好；恢复系特青、盐恢559表现为一般配合力效应差，特殊配合力方差小，优质育种利用价值不大。     

中国杂交高粱的种质基础及优势利用模式研究

中国高粱生产中应用的细胞质有A1和A2两种类型。不育系的细胞核有南非高粱核体系、中国高粱核体系、倾向南非高粱核体系和印度高粱核体系。恢复系的种质主要是中国高粱和倾中国高粱类型。杂种优势利用模式主要是南非高粱×中国高粱，中国高粱×中国高粱，倾南非高粱×倾中国高粱，印度高粱×倾中国高粱。植株高度由高秆改良成中秆，使产量大幅度提高。不育系改良应以印度高粱与南非高粱或印度高粱杂交为主，恢复系改良应以中国高粱与亨加利高粱或中国高粱杂交为主，这样可保持两亲间的遗传差异，以便配制出高产杂交种。     

以半冬性甘蓝型油菜为亲本增强春性甘蓝型油菜杂种优势

以春性恢复系与半冬性品种(系)杂交后选育的16份新春性恢复系及其4个亲本系[2个半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种(系)和2个春性甘蓝型恢复系]、2个春性甘蓝型不育系为材料, 利用SSR、SRAP和AFLP分子标记技术分析材料间的遗传差异, 同时利用以上2个春性不育系分别与12个新春性恢复系和1个春性亲本恢复系Ag-5进行NCII双列杂交, 测定其杂种优势及杂种表现。16份新恢复系中除931和帐23外, 其余的14份新恢复系与2个不育系的遗传距离均大于其春性亲本恢复系与相应不育系的遗传距离, 说明导入半冬性品种遗传成分能扩大春性恢复系与不育系间的遗传差异; 配制的26个杂交组合中, 其双亲中不育系所对应保持系单株产量为高亲值的组合有15个, 其中13个组合单株产量超亲优势都强于所对应不育系与亲本恢复系Ag-5所配杂交组合, 说明导入半冬性品种遗传成分可增强甘蓝型春油菜杂种优势; 12个新恢复系分别与2个不育系所配24个组合中18个组合的单株产量都分别超过所对应不育系与亲本恢复系Ag-5所配杂交组合, 说明导入半冬性品种遗传成分能提高甘蓝型春油菜杂种的产量; 新恢复系与2个不育系杂交后代的抗病性均强于其亲本恢复系与相应不育系杂交后代的抗病性, 说明导入半冬性品种遗传成分能提高春性甘蓝型油菜杂交种抗菌核病的能力。研究结果表明, 半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种可能为春油菜杂交育种提供有价值的遗传资源。     

食用、酿酒高粱新品种吉杂130的选育与研究

吉杂130是由吉林省农业科学院作物育种研究所以自选不育系吉2055 A为母本,外引恢复系0-30为父本,于2006年组配而成的高粱新品种.2010年12月通过国家高粱品种鉴定委员会鉴定.该杂交种产量潜力大,稳产性高,适应性广,淀粉含量高(粗淀粉含量76.14％),是酿酒的好原料；同时单宁含量低(单宁含量0.15％),粗蛋白含量高(10.06％)是优质的食用米高粱.抗旱性强,抗叶病,抗倒伏,高抗丝黑穗病,是春播早熟区重点推广的优良品种.     

Genetic Divergence and Molecular Characterization of Sorghum Hybrids and their Parents for Reaction to Atherigona Soccata (Rondani)

Summary Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata resistance were used to characterize the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 12 cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) and maintainers, 12 restorer lines, and 144 F₁ hybrids. The genetic diversity was quite high among the shoot fly-susceptible parents and the hybrids based on them, as indicated by high polymorphic information content (PIC) values, while limited genetic diversity was observed among shoot fly-resistant lines. The phenotypic and genotypic dissimilarity analysis indicated that the shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible parents were 73.2 and 38.5% distinct from each other, and the morphological and genetic distances of certain resistant and susceptible cross combinations was more than their resistant or susceptible parents. Genetic variability among the groups was low (10.8%), but high within groups (89.2%). The genetic and morphological distances suggested that the F₁ hybrids were closer to CMS (5 to 12% dissimilar) than the restorer (11 to 87% dissimilar), suggesting that CMS influences the expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly. The SSR markers can be used to characterize the homologous traits in sorghum germplasm.     

酿酒糯高梁亲本系籽粒淀粉含量及其组份的配合力分析

用45 A等4个糯高粱不育系与泸恢1等5个糯高梁恢复系按Griffing方法Ⅱ组配成20份组合,估算了糯高梁籽粒总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量和直链淀粉含量的配合力.结果表明,同一亲本不同品质性状的配合力不同,同一品质性状不同亲本的配合力也不同.在酿酒品质性状的杂种优势利用上,选育优质酿酒高粱组合应选择总淀粉含量及支链淀粉含量一般配合力高的亲本.     

A3 CMS在甜高粱育种中的可行性研究

以5个高粱不育系、6个甜高梁杂交种和甜格雷兹为材料，通过对茎秆含糖量和鲜重的测定分析，研究利用A3CMS选育不育化甜高粱杂交种的可行性。结果表明：同核异质不育系在茎秆含糖量方面差异不显著，同核异质杂交种在茎秆产量上差异不显著，但茎秆含糖量差异显著，A3杂交种的含糖量明显优于A1杂交种。认为，利用A3CMS选育不育化甜高粱杂交种是可行的。     

Expression of resistance to Atherigona soccata in F1 hybrids involving shoot fly-resistant and susceptible cytoplasmic male-sterile and restorer lines of sorghum

In recent years, cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS) has been recognized as a potential danger to the stability of crop production and resistance to insect pests in sorghum. Therefore, the influence of CMS on the expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly was studied at the ICRISAT, Patancheru, India using the interlard fishmeal technique. The experimental material consisted of 12 restorer, 12 CMS and the maintainer lines, and their 144 F₁ hybrids. Shoot fly‐resistant CMS lines were preferred for oviposition and had more damage because of deadhearts than the corresponding maintainer lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly‐resistant CMS × resistant restorer lines were significantly less preferred for oviposition than the hybrids based on other cross combinations and exhibited the highest frequency (69.1%) of shoot fly‐resistant hybrids. The hybrids based on glossy and trichomed parents had the highest frequency (>90%) of hybrids with glossy and trichome traits, emphasizing the need to transfer these traits into both parents for better expression in the F₁ hybrids. The expression pattern of trichome density, leaf glossiness and leaf sheath pigmentation in the F₁ hybrids and their parents suggested that the interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes possibly control the expression of traits associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly in the F₁ hybrids.     

全生育期耐盐恢复系在正常灌溉条件下性状表现及耐盐杂交稻的选育

利用前期以明恢86为轮回亲本与全球水稻分子育种计划的4个供体亲本(Gayabyeo、沈农265、早籼14和Y134)杂交构建的高代回交导入群体,在浙江省三门县沿海滩涂采用0.5%盐浓度的海水全生育期灌溉,筛选出150个耐盐恢复系群体,考察了耐盐恢复系在正常灌溉条件下的性状分离及与两个三系不育系测交种的优势表现。结果表明,耐盐恢复系在正常灌溉条件下的产量及其相关性状出现明显的分离,性状分离的类型及特点因选择群体和性状本身不同而异,从中选育出30个单株产量和耐盐性显著好于轮回亲本明恢86的株系,这些株系大多表现穗长缩短,株高和千粒重下降,但单株有效穗和结实率显著增加,导致产量的显著提高。4个组合的耐盐恢复系群体与两个三系不育系(II-32A和川345A)测交种的性状分离明显,与明恢86和两个三系不育系的测交种相比,多数测交种表现穗长缩短,株高降低,单株有效穗数相仿,但与II-32A测交的杂种千粒重显著增加,杂种表现趋势与耐盐恢复系本身不完全相同。分别鉴定出22个和23个耐盐恢复系,其与两个不育系测交的杂种产量显著高于明恢86与相应不育系的测交种,表现出较强的杂种优势,其中比生产对照种汕优10号显著或极显著增产的测交组合分别有7个(II-32A为母本)和4个(川345A为母本)。研究表明,利用优良恢复系的回交导入后代在大田盐胁迫条件下筛选耐盐单株,结合耐盐后代在正常灌溉条件下产量及相关性状的鉴定筛选,可以有效地改良恢复系的耐盐性,并选育出耐盐性提高的强优势组合。     

Compensation in grain weight and volume in sorghum is associated with expression of resistance to sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola

Sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett) is one of the most important pests of grain sorghum worldwide. We studied the inheritance of resistance to sorghum midge and compensation in grain weight and volume in panicles of sorghum hybrids and their parents under uniform infestation (40 midges per panicle for two consecutive days). Sorghum midge damage ranged from 8.2 to 82.4% in the maintainer lines (B-lines) of the females parents (A-lines), and 9.0 to 67% in the male parents (restorer lines). Hybrids involving resistant × resistant parents were highly resistant, while those involving resistant ×susceptible and susceptible × resistant parents showed moderate susceptibility. Susceptible × susceptible hybrids were susceptible. Compensation in (percentage increase) grain weight and volume in midge-infested panicles of midge-resistant parents and their F₁ hybrids was greater than in midge-susceptible parents and hybrids. General combining ability effects for midge damage, and grain weight and volume were significant and negative for the midge-resistant females (ICSA 88019 and ICSA 88020), whereas those for the midge-susceptible females (ICSA 42 and 296A) were significant and positive. However, the reverse was true in case of compensation in grain weight and volume. Inheritance of compensation in grain weight and volume and resistance to sorghum midge is controlled by quantitative gene action with some cytoplasmic effects. Resistance is needed in both parents to realize full potential of midge-resistant hybrids. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inheritance of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor

The spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, is one of the most important pests of sorghum, and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. Most of the sorghum hybrids currently under cultivation are based on cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS). In order to develop a strategy for resistance to stem borer, we studied the traits associated with resistance, and their nature of gene action in F₁ hybrids derived from resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible CMS and restorer lines. The hybrids based on stem borer-resistant, moderately resistant, or susceptible CMS and restorer lines were equally resistant or susceptible as the parents for leaf feeding [Damage rating (DR) 5.8 to 6.6 vs. 5.9 to 6.6], and had significant and decreasing trend in deadheart formation (resistant CMS × resistant restorer lines < moderately resistant CMS × moderately resistant restorer lines < susceptible CMS × susceptible restorer lines), respectively. Proportional contributions of restorer lines were greater than those of the CMS lines for leaf feeding, deadhearts, recovery and overall resistance, stalk length, nodes per plant, stem borer holes per plant, and peduncle tunneling. The general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) estimates suggested that leaf feeding score, number of nodes, overall resistance score, panicle initiation, recovery score, and stalk length (dominance type of gene action) have been found to be associated with resistance to spotted stem borer, governed by additive type of gene action, their correlation and direct effects in the same direction, and explained 65.3% of the variation in deadhearts, and thus could be used as marker traits to select and breed for resistance to C. partellus in sorghum. The parents having significant SCA effects for two or more resistance traits for either or more parents have also been discussed for their use in the stem borer resistance breeding.     

高粱酿造品质性状配合力分析

为了科学、准确地评价酿造高粱主干亲本系，为进一步利用材料、提高品质育种效率提供依据，选用3个不育系，5个恢复系，按不完全双列杂交法组配15个杂交组合，对蛋白质、脂肪、总淀粉、单宁4个酿造品质性状进行了配合力分析。结果表明，3个不育系中‘辽3401A’蛋白质、脂肪、单宁含量的一般配合力均较高，‘泸45A’总淀粉含量的一般配合力较高。5个恢复系中，741324单宁含量的一般配合力较高，R111脂肪、单宁含量的一般配合力较高，038R总淀粉含量的一般配合力较高，C52R-11总淀粉含量的一般配合力较高。‘961541/0-30红粒’蛋白质、脂肪含量的一般配合力较高。加性方差与基因型方差的比值依次是蛋白质 > 总淀粉 > 脂肪 > 单宁。     

转EPSPS基因抗除草剂水稻恢复系的培育及育种评价

为了培育既抗除草剂、综合性状又优良的杂交水稻组合，将3份抗除草剂衍生恢复系（华84EP-1、2、3）与5份不育系（红香2A、Y58S、广占63-4S、华1015S、天源6S）配组，对亲本、杂交组合的除草剂抗性和10个主要农艺性状（单株产量、结实率、千粒重、生育期、株高、有效穗数、着力密度、穗总粒数、穗实粒数、穗长）的配合力效应进行了分析。结果表明，所选育的恢复系的除草剂抗性接近完全(>96%)，利用苗期喷施农达可有效地提高杂交品种纯度；恢复系、不育系的一般配合力分别在5个性状（结实率、生育期等）、7个性状（结实率、千粒重等）上达到了显著差异；杂交组合的特殊配合力仅在生育期上达到了显著差异。杂交组合中比对照增产最高的分别是天源6S/华84EP-1、红香2A/华84EP-3和华1015S/华84EP-1。因此，利用抗除草剂恢复系配制水稻杂交组合不仅可以提高品种纯度，也可以培育出强优势组合。