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<正>近年来,随着生物技术迅猛发展,我国育种家利用高通量测序、分子标记等等先进的生物技术和信息技术手段,架起了种质基因资源信息衔接庞大数据的桥梁,建立起常规育种与生物育种相结合的平台,大幅度提高了育种效率,使育种工作实现了由"经验"向"科学"的根本性转变。为了让分子标记技术和基因组测序技术带动我国种业的发展,中玉金标记(北京)生物技术 相似文献
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花生分子育种研究概况与前景展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从花生种质资源遗传多样性分析、指纹图谱构建、重要性状分子标记和QTLs定位、分子标记辅助选择以及转基因研究5个方面,对国内外花生分子育种的现状进行了概述,并指出了当前花生分子育种存在的主要问题和发展前景,以期为加快花生新品种选育提供参考依据. 相似文献
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新一代测序技术及其对水稻分子设计育种的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文概述了以边合成(或连接)边测序为特征的新一代测序技术的基本原理以及现有的Roche(454)GSFLXsequencer、Illumina genome analyzer(Solexa)、Applied Biosystems SOLiDsequencer、HeliScope Sequencer等4种新一代测序平台的发展历史、测序流程、优缺点和测序成本等,并展望了新技术的发展可能对以水稻为代表的农作物大规模分子设计育种产生的影响。本文还提出通过对水稻核心种质育种材料体系的全基因组测序,开发功能性分子标记和特异基因芯片,缩短将基础研究成果应用于实际育种生产的时间,为真正进入分子设计育种时代奠定基础。 相似文献
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简要介绍了5种传统的、最常用的DNA分子标记(RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、SSR和SNP)的技术原理及它们的优缺点,也总结了TRAP这种新产生的分子标记的技术原理、优点及应用前景.综述了这几类分子标记在花生种质进化、遗传多样性分析、分子图谱构建及抗虫、抗病等方面的研究.利用SSR和RAPD标记能够发现野生种和栽培种多态性进而实现分子标记对花生的遗传多样性分析,可以将许多花生品种分为不同的品种群,能够对花生进行种质进化研究.RFLP和AFLP技术利于花生图谱构建,利用DNA中特定的限制性酶切位点上碱基对的改变及酶切位点之间的分子重排,可以发现花生品种间的DNA许多多态性位点,进而绘制分子标记图谱.AFLP技术在花生青枯菌和花生抗黄曲霉的研究方面有很大进展.RAID技术在花生根瘤菌、花生线虫病等方面已有显著进展.最后对分子标记在花生育种中的应用前景进行了简单展望. 相似文献
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陆地棉耐盐相关EST-SSR以及EST-InDel分子标记的开发 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
随着棉花基因组学、转录组学等重要学科的快速发展,针对候选基因进行序列多样性分析,开发基于候选基因的分子标记,将能够极大推进棉花分子育种研究。本研究利用高通量的测序技术对耐盐陆地棉品种Miscott 7913-83和盐敏感品种苏棉12盐胁迫前后根、叶总RNA的混样进行了转录组测序,对不同盐处理时期Miscott 7913-83和苏12根和叶分别进行表达谱分析。获得3232条盐胁迫下差异表达基因;基于差异表达基因利用生物信息学手段大规模开发了SSR以及In Del等分子标记;随机选择了部分SSR及In Del引物进行验证,进一步证实了分子标记的准确性。本研究为快速开发陆地棉品种间多态性分子标记提供了高效可行的分析方法,通过开发陆地棉耐盐相关功能标记,以期用于分子标记辅助育种改良陆地棉耐盐性。 相似文献
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甜瓜是重要的葫芦科蔬菜作物之一,其遗传育种学广受研究者的关注。高密度分子遗传图谱有助于提高甜瓜的育种水平,加快育种进程。自1996年第一张甜瓜分子遗传图谱报道后,AFLP等分子标记逐步被应用于甜瓜分子遗传图谱的构建及基因定位。近年来,基因组测序技术发展迅速,全基因组重测序、简化基因组测序、转录组测序等技术逐渐被应用于构建覆盖全基因组的、更加饱和的甜瓜遗传连锁图谱。本研究着重对甜瓜分子遗传图谱、重要农艺性状基因定位研究进展进行了综述,以期为甜瓜生物学研究及分子改良提供理论参考。 相似文献
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红花分子标记研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《分子植物育种》2017,(9)
红花是药食同源的经济作物,不但花瓣色素提取物可用于医药原料、化妆品和食品染料等方面,而且红花油是优质保健食用油,具有重要的医药价值和食用价值。DNA分子标记在红花育种中已得到广泛应用,并取得了丰硕成果。本综述简要概括DNA分子标记技术的主要特点,从红花种质资源评价、遗传多样性分析、目标基因定位及苞叶刺性状基因研究等方面总结DNA分子标记在红花育种研究中的进展,并对将来红花的研究方向、重点及领域进行简要分析和探讨。红花未来分子生学研究要结合现代高通量测序技术,采用精细SNP等分子标记或转录组测序手段,寻找与经济、药用性状紧密连锁的分子标记构建红花遗传连锁图谱和定位、分离目标性状基因,为红花分子标记辅助选择育种(MAS)提供研究基础,提高红花育种的效率。 相似文献
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Significant progress has been made in the characterization of loci controlling traits of importance using molecular markers.
A number of markers are currently available in wheat for genes of interest to the breeders. Markers can be used to better
characterize parental material, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of parental selection for crossing and
to track genes in segregating progenies through the selection process. Although a number of breeding programs are using molecular
markers at modest levels, the costs associated with marker assisted selection (MAS) are frequently cited as the main constraint
to their wide-spread use by plant breeders. However, this is likely to change when user-friendly, high-throughput, automated
marker technologies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms become available. These evolving technologies will increase the
number of available markers, and will improve the efficiency, throughput, and cost effectiveness of MAS, thereby making it
more attractive and affordable to many breeding programs. This article examines the extent to which molecular markers have
been used at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in applied wheat breeding and reviews the limited
publicly available information on MAS from other wheat breeding programs. As markers are currently available for relatively
few traits, we believe that MAS must be integrated with ongoing conventional breeding to maximize its impact. When used in
tandem with phenotypic selection, MAS will improve response to selection for certain traits, thereby increasing rates of genetic
progress. 相似文献
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大豆分子育种现状、挑战与展望 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
近年来,大豆育种技术取得了重要进展,育种理论和技术也发生了重大变革。通过多种技术的集成与整合,加速了优质大豆培育进程,以分子标记辅助育种、转基因育种等技术逐渐成为大豆遗传改良的重要手段。本研究综述了大豆分子标记辅助育种、大豆转基因及分子设计育种的研究进展,分析了中国大豆分子育种现状和挑战,认为中国大豆分子育种存在优异基因资源匮乏,大豆分子育种技术方法相对落后,分子育种培育的突破性品种过少等问题,提出了未来要加强重要经济性状形成的遗传和分子基础研究,要重视加强多种模型的开发等几点建议。 相似文献
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Stine Tuvesson Christophe Dayteg Per Hagberg Outi Manninen Pirjo Tanhuanpää Teija Tenhola-Roininen Elina Kiviharju Jens Weyen Jutta Förster Joerg Schondelmaier Julia Lafferty Marion Marn Andreas Fleck 《Euphytica》2007,158(3):305-312
The breeding companies and laboratories involved in this article cover a wide range of crops grown in the temperate climate
zone: small grain cereals, oilseed crops, forage crops, turf, vegetables and potato. Speed and efficiency are becoming increasingly
important in variety breeding and doubled haploids (DH) and genetic markers are important biotechnological tools to accelerate
materials to market. Collaborative research between universities, research institutions and breeding companies has resulted
in the routine use of DH technology and molecular markers in practical breeding of barley, wheat and rapeseed. DH populations
have been established not only for barley, wheat and rapeseed, but for rye, oat and triticale, where DH technology is less
developed. A driver here is the value of the crop e.g. although wheat is less responsive to DH production the value of the
end product makes the effort worthwhile. Simple and rapid DNA extraction methods used in high-throughput marker assisted selection
(MAS) systems are essential for routine use of markers. MAS is used both to monitor the presence of genes of interest and
also to monitor the genetic background. DH technology in forage, turf and vegetables is still in progress and the practical
use of markers in all crops is limited by access to trait linked markers. Collaboration and technology transfer with universities,
research institutions and breeding companies is essential for the improvement of both DH protocols in recalcitrant crops and
marker technology in all crops. 相似文献
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花生黄曲霉侵染抗性的AFLP标记 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
本研究利用抗、感黄曲霉菌侵染的花生品种为亲本配制杂交组合“J11×中花5号”,以其F2分离群体为研究材料,采用AFLP技术和BSA分析方法,获得了与花生黄曲霉菌侵染抗性连锁的2个分子标记,标记与抗性间的遗传距离分别为8.8 cM和6.6 cM;利用获得的分子标记对抗、感黄曲霉的花生种质资源进行了分子鉴定,实验结果表明分子标记与抗性鉴定结果具有较高的一致性,证实了两标记应用于研究群体之外的育种潜力。该抗侵染分子标记的建立为开展花生抗黄曲霉辅助选择育种提供了有效的筛选技术。 相似文献
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Kelly D. Chenault Andrea L. Maas John P. Damicone Mark E. Payton Hassan A. Melouk 《Euphytica》2009,166(3):357-365
The production of cultivated peanut, an important agronomic crop throughout the United States and the world, is consistently
threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor), the causal agent of Sclerotinia blight, is a major threat to peanut production in the Southwestern US, Virginia and North
Carolina. Although information on the variability of morphological traits associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance is
plentiful, no molecular markers associated with resistance have been reported. The identification of markers would greatly
assist peanut geneticists in selecting genotypes to be used in breeding programs. The main objective of this work was to use
simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers previously reported for peanut to identify a molecular marker associated with resistance
to S. minor. Out of 16 primer pairs used to examine peanut genomic DNA from 39 different genotypes, one pair produced bands at approximately
145 and 100 bp, consistent with either S. minor resistance or susceptibility, respectively. Cloning and sequencing of these bands revealed the region is well conserved among
all genotypes tested with the exception of the length of the SSR region, which varies with disease resistance levels. This
is the first report of a molecular marker associated with resistance to Sclerotinia blight in peanut. The identification of
this marker and development of a PCR-based screening method will prove to be extremely useful to peanut breeders in screening
germplasm collections and segregating populations as well as in pyramiding S. minor resistance with other desirable traits into superior peanut lines. 相似文献
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目标起始密码子多态性(SCoT)分子标记技术在花生属中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
花生属分子标记领域的研究远落后于其他物种,而栽培种花生因其遗传基础狭窄,用大多数分子标记技术都难以检测到丰富的分子标记,因此限制了花生属野生种在改良花生栽培种方面的利用以及建立花生分子标记辅助育种技术体系。本文分别对花生属4个区组的16份种质资源和8份花生栽培种资源采用与功能基因相关的SCoT分子标记技术研究了花生属种间和栽培种内遗传多样性和亲缘关系。23条SCoT引物在花生属试材基因组中的扩增位点共194个,其中多态性位点130个,多态性达67.01%,通过聚类分析研究了它们之间的亲缘关系;在栽培种内筛选出19条多态性引物,在8份试材基因组中扩增位点198个,其中多态性位点67个,多态性为33.84%,表明SCoT分子标记技术能在花生栽培种内检测出一定程度的DNA多态性。 相似文献