Effect of Sodium Chloride Salinity on Seedling Emergence in Chickpea

Although laboratory (Petri dish) germination as an estimate of seed viability is a standard practice, it may not give an accurate prediction of seedling emergence in the field, especially when saline irrigation water is used. Experiments were conducted to investigate seedling emergence in two chickpea cultivars (ILC 482 and Barka local) in response to varied salinity levels and sowing depths. Seeds were sown in potted soil at a depth of 2, 4 or 6 cm. The salinity treatments were 4.6, 8.4 and 12.2 dS m^–1. Tap water (0.8 dS m^–1) served as the control. Depth of sowing had a significant effect on seedling emergence. Seeds sown 6 cm deep showed the lowest seedling emergence. Similarly, salinity had an adverse effect on seedling emergence. The lowest seedling emergence percentages were obtained at the highest salinity treatment (12.2 dS m^–1). The interaction between salinity treatment and seeding depth was significant. Hypocotyl injury was implicated as a possible cause of poor seedling emergence in chickpea under saline water irrigation and was less severe when pre-germinated seeds were used. ILC 482 appeared to be more tolerant to salinity than Barka local, suggesting that breeding programmes involving regional exchange of germplasm may be helpful.     

农业措施对小麦田主要禾本科杂草出苗的影响

为探明播种、耕作等农业措施对小麦田主要禾本科杂草出苗的影响,对西安地区小麦田主要禾本科杂草多花黑麦草、节节麦、野燕麦、日本看麦娘、假看麦娘的田间落种状态、形态特征及不同土壤深度下出苗规律进行研究。结果表明,小麦机播深度(4~5 cm)对上述5种杂草出苗均无影响;小麦撒播深度(0~1 cm)出苗时间最早,但因表层土壤湿度较差导致出苗量低;旋耕深度(10~15 cm)出苗最晚,该深度对多花黑麦草、节节麦、野燕麦的出苗量无影响,但对日本看麦娘、假看麦娘出苗影响较大,尤其对个体小、重量轻的假看麦娘影响最大;深翻深度(30~35 cm)对5种杂草种子萌发均有抑制作用。     

Germination Responses of Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) to Temperature and Sowing Depth: A Crop Growing Under Extreme Conditions

Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) is grown in the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru, between 3810 and 4200 m a.s.l. Rural indigenous households have cultivated the cañahua as a subsistence crop for millennia. The seeds have a high content and quality of protein. We studied the relation between the following: (i) temperature and seed germination and (ii) the effect of temperature and sowing depth on seedling emergence of five cultivars and one landrace. Three experiments were conducted as follows: (i) seeds of a cultivar were germinated in Petri dishes at six temperatures (3, 5, 10, 14, 20 and 24 °C), (ii) sown at five depths (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mm) in a mixed peat soil substrate at three temperatures and (iii) one landrace (Lasta) and 5 cultivars (Lasta and Saihua growth habit) were sown in 6 depth (0, 5, 10, 25, 35 and 50 mm) in a sandy loam at two temperatures (5 and 15 °C). Temperature had significantly effect on the germination percentages of the plants (P < 0.001). Seeds germinated at the lowest temperature (3 °C). The estimated base temperature was close to 0 °C. A polynomial function described well the relation between time to 50% germination (t₅₀) and temperature in the interval from 3 to 24 °C resulting in a linear relationship between germination rate and temperature. Shallow sowing depth (5–25 mm) resulted in 80% germination at 15 °C. There were significant differences of emergence in relationship to burial depth (P < 0.001). Only few seedlings emerged when seeds were sown at 50 mm depth. We did not find significant differences in emergence of seedlings between Lasta and Saihua at 15 °C. Nevertheless, at 5 °C, seedlings of cañahua belonging to the Lasta growth habit form did have higher germination rate as were shown for the Kullaca cultivar and the Umacutama landrace. This may be attributed to larger seed size of these cultivars.     

Influence of Seeding Depth and Seedbed Preparation on Establishment, Growth and Yield of Fibre Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Eastern Canada

Research was conducted at the Macdonald Campus of McGill University (Québec, Canada) at three sites in 1997 and one site in 1998 to determine the effects and interactions of seeding depth (0, 1, 2, 4 or 6 cm) and seedbed preparation (i.e. soil rolling): none, rolling before or rolling after seeding on fibre flax (cv. Ariane) establishment, growth and yield. Seedbed preparation had little impact on the parameters measured while seeding depth had a variable effect on plant density, plant height, stem diameter and retted straw yield. Seeding depths of 1–4 cm provided consistently good establishment, growth and yield results. In 1997, there was an interaction between seeding depth and seedbed preparation on plant height, branching ratio and retted straw yield, although results were generally variable and tended to be site‐specific. In 1998, there was an interaction between seeding depth and seedbed preparation on plant height and stem diameter prior to harvest, with the results varying for all seeding depth‐seedbed preparation treatment combinations except for the 2‐cm depth treatment. Rolling of the seedbed before seeding on lighter soils and at a depth of 2 cm on most soils can improve establishment, growth and yields of fibre flax under eastern Canadian growing conditions.     

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm suitable for direct sowing under flooded soil surface

Summary Screening for rice germplasm which can establish seedling from flooded soil was conducted using 256 accessions of conserved germplasm from the International Rice Germplasm Center (IRGC) and 404 accessions from the International Network for Genetic Evaluation for Rice (INGER), IRRI. IRGC germplasm represented broad genetic diversity while INGER germplasm involved desirable agronomic characters. Seeds germinated for 2 d were planted at 25 mm depth in seedling trays. The trays were then submerged to a depth of 30–50 mm. Seedling establishment was evaluated by analyzing leaf development, seedling height, and percentage establishment 15 d after planting. Eight percent and 2% of IRGC and INGER germplasm, respectively, were identified statistically as superior to the control semidwarf IR varieties. Among the superior germplasm were those from Northeast India and Bangladesh which were adapted to deepwater and early summer rainfed lowland cultures. These could be utilized as parents in breeding programs which aim to develop varieties suitable for direct seeding technology (i.e., germinated seeds are sown under the surface of flooded soil).     

干旱条件下籽粒大小与播种深度对夏玉米幼苗生长及产量的影响

为探究籽粒大小与播种深度对玉米出苗及幼苗生长的影响,确定西南丘陵地区夏玉米机播的适宜籽粒大小与播种深度。采用裂区试验设计,以正红505为试验材料,3个籽粒大小为主处理,3个播种深度(2,6,10 cm)为副处理,在大田干旱条件下调查了玉米的出苗率、幼苗素质、产量及产量构成。结果表明,大粒种比小粒种出苗率高,出苗后长势旺,干物质积累量增加,幼苗健壮,抗旱性增强,最终产量更高;浅播(2 cm)利于出苗,刚出苗时以6 cm播深的幼苗长势最好,之后10 cm播深的幼苗生长逐渐旺盛,至五叶期(大、中粒种)-七叶期(小粒种)时超过浅播处理,最终也表现出一定的增产效果。因此,在旱地、旱季玉米生产中,选较大粒播种,适当深播,可以有效地培育壮苗、提高植株抗旱性,达到保产增收的目的。     

玉米秸秆机械还田及播种方式对小麦出苗和产量的影响

在黄淮平原小麦玉米一年两熟、玉米收获后秸秆机械化直接还田条件下,采用播量、播深和镇压三因素裂区试验,研究了不同播种方式对小麦品种济麦22的出苗、越冬及产量表现。结果表明：播量因素显著影响出苗率、越冬率、产量及其构成因素穗数和穗粒数,对以上指标的作用力均在30%以上;镇压极显著影响越冬率,作用力占14.02%;播深对以上各指标均无显著影响。在本试验条件下,播量225万/hm2基本苗,播深4-5cm,播后镇压处理的播种方式,可保证小麦高质量出苗及安全越冬,达到高产稳产的目的。     

不同处理对红榉种子发芽及苗期生长的影响

为探明不同处理条件下红榉种子的发芽特性及苗期生长规律，提高红榉种子的发芽率，本实验主要进行了以下6种处理：不同浓度赤霉素（GA3）处理20h，浓H2SO4分别处理10min、20min、30min，40℃、60℃、80℃、100℃下分别水浴处理10min、20min、30min，不同种源地、不同基质、层积处理。结果表明，（1）采自常州水泡4天的红榉种子出芽率最高为100％，播种在蛭石中的常州干种子出芽率最高为93.33%。（2）清水浸泡4天后经60℃水浴处理20min的红榉地径最大为14.55mm，GA3浓度为50mg/L时处理的红榉干种子地径最小为6.08mm。（3）采自江苏沭阳经层积处理的红榉种子苗木最高为116.80cm，清水浸泡4天后的红榉种子经60℃水浴30min时苗高最小为70.50cm。红榉种子小、种皮薄，其种皮结构对种子吸水无严重障碍[1]，但萌发需要适宜的外部条件的刺激。不同处理对红榉种子的发芽率、苗高、地径、发芽指数及活力指数的影响差异显著，应根据不同的需求进行不同的处理。     

光照和沙埋对沙生针茅种子萌发与幼苗出土的影响

为了对沙生针茅种子萌发特征和休眠机理的研究,采用种子萌发学和实验生态学方法,研究了不同光照、划破种（果）皮及切除不同比例胚乳对种子萌发的影响和模拟野外条件对不同沙埋深度幼苗出土的影响。结果表明：黑暗条件下种子萌发率显著高于光条件下;移走胚乳75%时,种子萌发最快;不同沙埋深度以0.5 cm的浅层沙埋时的种子萌发率和幼苗出土率最高而休眠率最低;沙埋超过2 cm后,种子萌发率、幼苗出土率与沙埋深度呈负相关,休眠率随着沙埋深度的增加而增加。说明沙生针茅种子为休眠型暗条件萌发类型。人工播种应以0.5~2 cm深度为宜。     

QTLs in barley controlling seedling elongation of deep-sown seeds

In drought areas, in which topsoil moisture is low, barley seeds are generally sown in the subsoil (deep-seeding). In order for the shoots of germinating seeds to emerge from the deep soil cover, the coleoptile and the first internode of the seedlings must elongate as an adaptive response to deep-seeding. Here, we have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these adaptive characteristics. Elongation of the coleoptile and first internode was investigated using seeds sown under two soil cover conditions: at a depth of 9 cm beneath a soil mixture; and, at a depth of 12 cm beneath vermiculite. We identified multiple alleles for increased coleoptile and first internode elongation using a doubled haploid population of 150 lines generated from a cross between the barley cultivars Harrington and TR306. Composite interval mapping analyses of the data revealed two moderate and eleven small effect QTLs, with at least one QTL on each chromosome. The QTLs on chromosomes 5H and 7H had moderate effects on coleoptile elongation (18.5–27.6% of PVE: phenotypic variance explained; 2.6–3.2 mm of Add: additive effect) and first internode elongation (PVE: 16.6–19.6%; Add: 3.1–3.2 mm). The small effect QTLs showed PVEs of less than 15% and an Add range of 1.2–3.2 mm for both characters. A marker assisted selection approach, using markers linked to the QTLs for seedling elongation at deep-seeding, may eventually enable development of drought tolerant barley hybrids.     

松辽平原高产农田土壤孔性对冻结的响应及机理研究

为了进一步深入系统研究松辽平原玉米带黑土耕作区高产田（平面型）土壤质量的管理与评价提供理论支持和借鉴,并且对黑土资源的利用与保护、为粮食的丰产增收在土壤结构理论方面具有重要的现实意义,并且对黑土资源的利用与保护、为粮食的丰产增收在土壤结构理论方面的探索,以松辽平原玉米带耕作区高产田（波浪型）与低产田（平面型）0~20 cm耕层土壤为研究对象采用田间季节性冻融过程与室内模拟冻融试验相结合的方法,研究松辽平原玉米带高产田土壤的结构性对冻结的响应,包括影响范围较深和程度,进一步阐明高产田土壤对冻结的响应机理。采用高产田与低产田对比的方法,在不同的冻结条件下,设置含水量接近5%,10%,15%,20%,25%;设置冻结频率0、2、4、6次进行室内模拟冻结实验。通过对容重、孔隙度、孔隙面积、Feret直径等指标的测定与分析,研究了不同冻结频率不同含水量,对高产田和低产田0~20 cm耕层的土壤孔隙特征的影响。结果显示：冻融循环能够显著增加松辽平原玉米带高产田与低产田0~20 cm耕层土壤孔隙的数目,高产田增加百分比为32.58%;低产田增加百分比为17.95%。显著降低了低产田0~20 cm土层范围内Feret直径和土壤的平均孔隙面积以,Feret直径由冻结前的2.31降低到冻结后的1.92,降低百分比为16.88%,低产田土壤的平均孔隙面积由冻结前的8.91降低到冻结后的4.65,降低百分率为47.81%(P<0.05)。除了土壤孔隙的成圆率外,冻融循环对高产田与低产田不同径级团聚体的孔隙数目、平均孔隙面积、平均Feret直径均有不同影响程度的差异(P<0.05)。高产田>5 mm团聚体平均孔隙面积由冻结前的37.08降低到冻结后的23.84,降低百分比为38.40%,变化差异显著(P<0.05),这是高产田与低产田相比特有的变化规律。而高产田其他粒级团聚体和低产田所有粒级团聚体的平均孔隙面积对冻结的响应不明显。高产田与低产田都有>5 mm团聚体的孔隙成圆率变化显著,高产田由冻结前的0.36降低到0.27,变化百分比为25%;低产田由冻结前的0.25增加到冻结后的0.34,变化百分比为36%,差异显著(P<0.05),这两者的变化规律截然相反,也体现高产田大粒径团聚体孔隙成圆率对冻结的响应规律有别于低产田的特殊性,以上研究结论对系统研究松辽平原玉米带黑土耕作区高产田（平面型）土壤质量的管理与评价提供理论支持有一定的意义。     

大豆田鸭跖草发生特点及药剂防除的研究

作者研究了鸭跖草生长发育规律、生物学特性及化学药剂防除,鸭跖草出苗始期为5月上旬,高峰期为5月中下旬,鸭跖草营养生长的高峰期在7月中下旬;出苗的最适深度在5cm以上,20cm无出苗。通过网室筛选试验,对鸭跖草防除效果最好的土壤处理剂为72%都尔和36%农草净;叶面处理为48%广灭灵及24%克阔乐。同时进行了大面积试验示范。     

基肥施用方式对小麦出苗及苗期生长的影响

通过室内盆栽试验研究不同基肥施用方式对小麦出苗及苗期生长的影响。设置种肥混播条播、条播侧方施肥、条播下方施肥、种肥混播宽幅撒播4种播种施肥方式,同时每个播种施肥方式下设置225、375、600 kg/hm² 3个肥料用量水平。结果表明,种肥混播条播方式对小麦的出苗影响极为明显,且随着施肥量的增加小麦出苗率明显降低,条播侧方施肥、下方施肥以及种肥混播宽幅撒播方式对于小麦的出苗率影响不大。在种肥混播方式下,无论条播还是宽幅撒播方式均表现出了随着施肥量增加小麦株高和根系增加的趋势,其中种肥混播宽幅撒播方式下小麦株高和根长数值相对较高。同一播种施肥方式下,小麦地上部生物量随着施肥量的增加而增加,而在等量肥料投入的情况下,地上部生物量均表现为种肥混播宽幅撒播>条播侧方施肥>条播下方施肥>种肥混播条播。本试验条件下,建议小麦基肥采用种肥混播宽幅撒播的方式,以降低化肥用量、保证出苗安全和培育壮苗。     

Effect of Seed Pre-sowing Hardening on Physiological Behaviour and Seed Yield of Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted at Central Research Farm, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi to study the effect of seed pre-sowing hardening on seed emergence, physiological behaviour — and seed yield of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L. Var. S-99-1) crop. For this purpose, seed pre-sowing hardening were made by soaking of seeds in tap water for 24 and 36 hours separately and later dried back to their original weight or left undried. These seeds were sown at two depths (5 and 3 cm) and judged against control (no soaking). Results demonstrated that augmented effect of seed hardening on seed emergence and physiological process responsible for seed yield was recorded in descending order of harden seeds (of 24 hours soaking) > non harden seeds (of 24 hours soaking) > harden seeds (of 36 hours soaking); while non-harden seeds of 36 hours soaking adversely affect the plant growth because of leaching of sugar during excess soaking — an element for reduced seed vigour potential. Seed hardening system developed the strength of seed emergence on account of efficient catabolic process releasing high water soluble sugars needed for efficient germination process. Further this process augmented the absorption mechanism of mineral nutrients (particularly phosphorus and nitrogen with marginal variation in calcium) was quite evident at bloom stage — indicating a high metabolic activity during this period. Performance of seed hardening was effective at 5 cm deep sowing.     

播种深度对高粱出苗和幼苗生长的影响

为了明确高粱的适宜播种深度,观察不同高粱品种对不同播种深度的耐深播差异,研究了8 种播种深度对3 个高粱品种出苗和幼苗生长的影响,出苗时记载不同播种深度下高粱的出苗速度和出苗率,出苗结束后,调查其地上部分幼苗生长量、胚轴长度和种子根长度。结果表明：随着覆土厚度的增加幼苗出苗速度明显减慢。在播深3 cm、5 cm和7 cm处理下,各品种从播种至出苗需要5 天,在播深8 cm、10 cm、12 cm 和13 cm 处理下,需要5~7 天,在播深17 cm 处理下为7~11 天。在播深12 cm、13 cm 和17 cm处理下‘晋中0822’较其他2 个品种从播种至出苗所需时间早2~4 天。不同播深处理下高粱完成出苗所需要时间也不尽相同。在播深3 cm、5 cm和7 cm处理下,各品种完成出苗所需时间为9 天,在播深8 cm、10 cm、12 cm和13 cm处理下,需要9~13 天,在播深17 cm处理下需13 天。品种‘晋中0822’在播深8 cm、10 cm、12 cm和13 cm处理下9 天完成出苗,较其他2 个品种早。播种深度对3 个高粱品种的出苗率亦有显著影响。随着播种深度的增加,3 个高粱品种的平均出苗率不断降低。3 cm和5 cm为高粱最适播种深度。在播深3 cm、5 cm、7 cm、8c m、10cm和12 cm处理下品种‘晋中0822’出苗率显著高于其他品种。此外,播种深度对幼苗的生长发育也有显著影响。随着播种深度增加,3 个高粱品种的地上部分幼苗生长量和种根长显著降低,而胚轴长度显著增加。在3cm和5 cm播深处理下幼苗生长量、种根长和胚轴长与其他各处理差异显著。在播深7 cm、8 cm、10 cm、12 cm、13 cm和17 cm处理下‘晋中0822’品种各指标与其他品种差异显著。     

Seed Priming with Ascorbic Acid Improves Drought Resistance of Wheat

The study, consisting of two independent experiments, was conducted to evaluate the role of seed priming with ascorbic acid (AsA) in drought resistance of wheat. In the first experiment, seeds of wheat cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and Lasani‐2008 were either soaked in aerated water (hydropriming) for 10 h or not soaked (control). In the second experiment, seeds of same wheat cultivars were soaked in aerated (2 mm ) AsA solution (osmopriming) or water (hydropriming) for 10 h. In both experiments, seeds were sown in plastic pots (10 kg) maintained at 70 % and 35 % of water‐holding capacity designated as well watered and drought stressed, respectively. Both experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with six replications. Drought caused delayed and erratic emergence and disturbed the plant water relations, chlorophyll contents and membranes because of oxidative damage; however, root length in cultivar Lasani‐2008 was increased under drought. Hydropriming significantly improved the seedling emergence and early growth under drought and well‐watered conditions; however, improvement was substantially higher from osmopriming with AsA. Similarly, osmopriming with AsA significantly improved the leaf emergence and elongation, leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll contents, root length and seedling dry weight. Owing to increase in proline accumulation, phenolics and AsA, by seed priming with AsA, plant water status was improved with simultaneous decrease in oxidative damages. These improved the leaf emergence and elongation, and shoot and root growth under drought. However, there was no difference between the cultivars in this regard. In conclusion, osmopriming with AsA improved the drought resistance of wheat owing to proline accumulation and antioxidant action of AsA and phenolics, leading to tissue water maintenance, membrane stability, and better and uniform seedling stand and growth.     

Effects of Seed Size and Seed Substances of Lupins on Seedling Emergence and Root System Development in Relation to Sowing Depth, Soil Water and Gibberellin

Effects of seed size and organic substances on seedling emergence and root elongation were studied in four poi experiments with five cultivars of lupins. Sowing depth, soil water and the influence of gibbereilin GA, on seeds were investigated too. Seed size, carbohydrates and fats were found to affect the rate of seedling emergence and root elongation.
Treatment of seeds with gibberellin had no effect on seedling emergence or on the superrerrestrial growth of lupins, but acted remarkably otherwise on root formation     

不同种植年限对菜地土壤结构的影响

为了探究不同种植年限对菜地土壤结构的影响情况,为土壤培肥提出切实可行的方法,采用萨维诺夫法分析了重庆市九龙坡区白市驿镇蔬菜基地种植1年、5年、10年的菜地土壤团聚体的组成情况及其差异。结果表明：水稳性团聚体含量以及稳定性在不同种植年限土壤间存在较大差异。对于0~20 cm土层土壤,1~0.25 mm、>3 mm和>5 mm水稳性团聚体含量均表现为1年>5年>10年,20~40 cm土层也存在类似变化。表明随着种植年限的增加,各土层土壤水稳性团聚体含量逐渐降低。对于0~20 cm土层,1年土壤>0.25 mm团聚体平均破坏率为27.78%,5年和10年土壤>0.25 mm团聚体平均破坏率分别高达49.86%、58.74%;对于各种植年限土壤20~40 cm土层也存在相同的趋势。说明随着种植年限的增加,土壤团聚体破坏率增高,土壤结构稳定性降低。相关分析表明,土壤有机质含量与种植年限、平均破坏率呈显著负相关（相关系数分别为-0.880*、-0.897*、n=6）,与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、>3 mm水稳性团聚体含量、>5 mm水稳性团聚体含量、3~1 mm水稳性团聚体含量、1~0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量呈显著正相关（相关系数分别为0.897*、0.868*、0.859*、0.835*、0.829*、n=6）,土壤团聚体MWD与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量之间达到极显著正相关（相关系数为0.985**,n=6）。说明随着种植年限增加,土壤有机质含量降低,水稳性团聚体含量增加,平均破坏率逐渐增加。>0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体含量越多,土壤平均重量直径(MWD)值越大,土壤团聚体稳定性越强。有机质含量是影响研究区紫色土土壤水稳性团聚体含量及稳定性的主要因素。     

育秧方式与机插密度对早稻机插栽培的产量影响

双季早稻机插栽培技术研究对水稻机械化栽插及配套栽培具有重要的意义,其中早稻机插育秧方式与机插密度又是该项技术中的关键点。本研究以‘中早39’为材料,对育秧播种量、育秧床土类型和栽插密度设计不同的处理,考察其对秧苗的生长、秧苗素质、机插质量及产量的影响。结果认为,播种量为110 g/盘所培育的秧苗,出苗率、成秧率、苗重/苗高比都较其他的处理高,获得优质的机插秧苗。不同床土类型育秧对比试验表明,以“基质”或“黄泥土+基质母剂”作为床土培育的秧苗个体健壮、茎基宽大、机插质量好。移栽大田后,返青活棵较快,单位面积有效分蘖多,最终获得较高的实收产量。移栽密度试验表明,行株距为30cm×14cm和24cm×17cm,即移栽密度分别为24.45万丛/hm²和23.85万丛/hm²时,穗形较大,群体协调,实收产量最高。     

茶树扦插苗圃地夏季覆地膜消毒研究

为免去在茶树扦插地苗床上铺黄心土,达到直接在原土上进行茶树短穗扦插育苗的目的,选择夏季某一时段对茶树扦插苗圃地进行覆地膜处理,利用晴天时地膜下产生的湿热高温,杀灭苗床表层土壤中的有害微生物。结果表明：茶树苗圃地夏季覆地膜处理,晴天时膜下地表温度最高可以达到65.0℃,膜下5 cm深处土层温度可达54.2℃;通过较高温度的持续性和间歇性循环作用,5 cm深处土层温度(50±1)℃持续2 h达7~10天,可杀灭表层扦插土壤中的真菌类微生物95%以上,并有效控制其他有害微生物的生长;覆地膜处理的苗圃,扦插5个月后,愈合率达82.9%,成苗率在55.1%以上,与铺黄心土扦插成苗率相当,且扦插直接成本每公顷可节约15000元以上。夏季覆地膜可广泛应用于茶树短穗扦插土壤的消毒处理。