新疆小麦TaGW2-6A、TaCwi-A1、TaSus2-2B等位变异对粒重的影响及应用

产量是制约小麦生产的重要因素,本研究利用219份新疆小麦品种(系),验证Hap-6A-P1/Hap-6A-P2、CWI22/CWI21和Ta Sus2-1/Ta Sus2-2三对产量性状相关的功能标记对小麦产量性状检测效果可靠性,同时分析新疆小麦3个产量相关基因位点Ta GW2-6A,Ta Cwi-A1和Ta Sus2-2B的等位变异类型及分布规律,为新疆小麦产量性状的遗传改良提供理论基础。219份小麦品种(系)中,具有Hap-6A-A基因型品种(系)的千粒重(44.11 g)高于具有Hap-6A-G(41.87 g)基因型品种(系)的千粒重(p0.05);具有TaCwi-A1a(43.38 g)和Ta Sus2-B2b(44.01 g)基因型品种(系)的千粒重分别显著高于具有Ta Cwi-A1b(37.53 g)和Ta Sus2-B2a(38.73g)基因型品种(系)的千粒重(p0.01)。具有Ta GW2-6A和Ta Cwi-A1基因等位变异组合品种(系)的平均千粒重高低依次为Hap-6A-A/TaCwi-A1a(46.41 g)Hap-6A-G/TaCwi-A1a(41.70 g)Hap-6A-A/Ta Cwi-A1b(41.30 g)Hap-6A-G/Ta Cwi-A1b(35.44 g)。新疆小麦品种(系)中,Hap-6A-G的分布频率显著高于Hap-6A-A,TaCwi-A1a的分布频率显著高于Ta Cwi-A1b;其中在新疆冬小麦品种(系)中Hap-6A-A的分布频率表现为自育品种引进品种地方品种;TaCwi-A1a的分布频率表现为引进品种自育品种地方品种;而在新疆春小麦中Hap-6A-A和TaCwi-A1a的分布频率均表现为引进品种自育品种。在219份新疆小麦品种(系)中具有高千粒重组合Hap-6A-A/TaCwi-A1a的分布频率表现为新疆春小麦新疆冬小麦;其中新疆冬小麦品种(系)中Hap-6A-A/TaCwi-A1a的分布频率表现为引进品种自育品种地方品种;新疆春小麦品种(系)中Hap-6A-A/TaCwi-A1a的分布频率表现为引进品种自育品种。研究表明,新疆小麦品种(系)产量相关性状具有较好的遗传改良潜力。     

基于小麦外引种质资源的粒质量基因分子标记检测及组合分析

为了有效利用外引小麦种质资源和探讨部分小麦粒质量基因的育种应用价值,以48份小麦外引种质为材料,测定种质千粒质量,并利用4个粒质量基因(TaGW2-6A、TaCwi-A1、TaGS2-D1和TaSus2-2B)的功能分子标记进行高千粒质量等位变异类型和分布检测。结果表明,外引种质材料的平均千粒质量为30.15 g,变异范围为20.13～43.19 g,超平均值种质材料占45.8%。外引小麦种质中4个粒质量相关基因存在8种单倍型,TaCwi-A1基因、TaGW2-6A基因的高千粒质量单倍型TaCwi-A1a和Hap-6A-A的平均千粒质量均显著高于对应的低千粒质量单倍型TaCwi-A1b和Hap-6A-G。而TaSus2-2B基因、TaGS2-D1基因的低千粒质量单倍型TaSus2-2Bb和TaGS2-D1b的平均千粒质量均显著高于对应的高千粒质量单倍型TaSus2-2Ba和TaGS2-D1a。含有相同单倍型组合的种质在供试材料中占比较高的,其平均千粒质量也相对较高。研究表明,这些外引小麦种质的粒质量相关性状具有较好的遗传改良潜力,在小麦育种中对多个相关粒质量基因进行综合遗传效应分析十分必要。     

小麦果聚糖合成酶基因6-SFT-D多态性及其与6-SFT-A2的累加效应

小麦6-SFT是果聚糖合成的关键酶基因。以23份六倍体普通小麦(AABBDD)、5份D基因组材料(DD)为多样性代表群体材料,通过测序分析小麦6-SFT-D基因的序列多态性,根据多态性开发6-SFT-D基因的功能标记,分析由154份六倍体普通小麦构成的自然群体的6-SFT-D基因单倍型(haplotype)与表型性状的关联特性和基因累加效应。在28份多样性代表群体中,共检测到6-SFT-D基因的4个多态性位点,均为单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,构成3种6-SFT-D基因单倍型;而在自然群体中只检测到6-SFT-D的两种单倍型。根据6-SFT-D基因2850 bp位点的T/C变异开发等位变异特异PCR标记。关联分析表明,6-SFT-D单倍型分别与灌溉条件下的千粒重和穗长显著关联,单倍型Hap I是提高千粒重的优异等位变异;在雨养和灌溉条件下,同时具有6-SFT-D与6-SFT-A2优异等位变异小麦材料的千粒重显著高于其他基因型材料,说明6-SFT-D和6-SFT-A2优异等位变异对于提高千粒重表现累加效应。     

普通小麦近缘种低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3基因的分离和鉴定

低分子量麦谷蛋白约占小麦种子贮藏蛋白的三分之一,对面团延展性和食品加工品质有重要影响。普通小麦近缘种是小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源。本研究利用Glu-A3位点特异性引物对野生二粒小麦、栽培二粒小麦、硬粒小麦及野生一粒小麦共计9份材料进行Glu A3-1、Glu A3-2、Glu A3-3基因扩增和鉴定,各发现5个等位变异,共计15个单元型;其中,有2个等位变异含有9个半胱氨酸残基,可能属于优良品质亚基。对小麦近缘种中这些Glu-A3位点等位变异的鉴别,进一步完善了小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的构成,并为小麦品质育种中亲本的选择提供了相应依据。     

来源于人工合成小麦的TaGW2-6A等位变异类型的鉴定及分析

位于6A染色体上的TaGW2基因与小麦粒重呈正相关作用,在其启动子区存在Hap-6A-A和Hap-6A-G等位变异。本研究通过分析重组自交系群体(IMTI)亲本W7984和Opata中TaGW2-6A基因启动子区差异,开发特异性分子标记,并分析来源于人工合成小麦的TaGW2-6A等位变异不同倍性小麦品种中的分布及其对千粒重的影响。结果表明:与普通小麦Opata相比,人工合成小麦W7984启动子区存在7个碱基插入。利用特异性分子标记TaGW2-6Asp可以将来源于W7984的等位变异TaGW2-6Aw和来源于Opata的等位变异TaGW2-6Ao明显区分。在14份二倍体,24份四倍体和24份人工合成小麦中仅存在TaGW2-6Aw等位变异。在重组自交系中两种等位变异的千粒重差异不明显,而在青海省育成品种中TaGW2-6Aw的千粒重平均值高于TaGW2-6Ao,并且差异显著。说明从人工合成小麦中筛选出的TaGW2-6Aw是优异等位变异,可运用于小麦高产品种的选育过程。     

新疆小麦Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、TaLox-B1等位变异对面粉色泽的影响

利用已开发的面粉色泽相关性状基因的分子标记,检测了182份新疆小麦品种(系)的Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、Ta Lox-B1等位变异,并结合表型鉴定结果,分析不同等位变异对面粉色泽的影响。结果表明,单基因等位变异对面粉色泽的影响不同,其中4个基因等位变异L*值的差异均不显著;对a*值的效应,Psy-A1a高于Psy-A1b(P0.01),Ppo-A1b高于Ppo-A1a(P0.05),Ta Lox-B1a高于Ta Lox-B1b(P0.05);Psy-A1a基因型的b*值高于Psy-A1b基因型(P0.01);Psy-A1a基因型的Wht值低于Psy-A1b基因型(P0.01)。说明Psy-A1是影响面粉色泽(红度、黄度和白度)的重要基因,而Ppo-A1和Ta Lox-B1基因的等位变异只对面粉红度有显著影响。4个检测基因共有12种等位变异组合,对a*、b*和Wht值有显著效应(P0.01),但对L*值影响不显著(P0.05);Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/Ta Lox-B1b组合具有最高的Wht值和最低的a*、b*值,Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/Ta Lox-B1a组合具有最低的Wht值和最高的a*、b*值。182份品种的Wht值平均为86.86,其中审定品种平均为86.87,冬小麦品种为86.42,春小麦品种为87.32。青春5号具有优良的基因型和较高的面粉白度,应加强利用。总体来看,改良新疆小麦面粉的白度,应重点加强对Psy-A1基因的选择,提高Psy-A1b比例。     

小麦转录因子TaMYB5-3B与株高和千粒重相关

MYB转录因子在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究克隆了小麦3B染色体上的TaMYB5-3B基因,基因组序列全长3005bp,其中编码区上游为2112bp,编码区为893bp,包含2个外显子和1个内含子,编码一个R2R3-MYB蛋白。序列多态性分析表明,在TaMYB5-3B的–2048、–1632、–1178、–1156、–504、–461、–433和61 bp处各有1个SNP位点,分别是G/A转换、G/A转换、G/A转换、T/C转换、C/T转换、A缺失、T缺失和T/A颠换,这8个SNP位点连锁。基于启动子区SNP-1632的变异开发分子标记,检测小麦自然群体的基因型,与表型性状进行关联分析,结果显示TaMYB5-3B与株高、穗下节长和千粒重显著相关。TaMYB5-3B在群体中有2种单倍型Hap-3B-1和Hap-3B-2,其中Hap-3B-2是植株较矮、千粒重较高的优异单倍型。在我国的小麦育种历程中Hap-3B-2受到了正向选择,在育成品种中的频率逐步增加,但仍然有进一步的应用潜力。研究结果为深入探讨小麦株高和产量的形成机制提供参考,也为小麦株型和产量分子育种提供了基因资源与选...     

水稻粒形基因GW8 的功能标记开发和单体型鉴定

水稻粒形性状包含粒长、粒宽、粒厚和长宽比, 是一类影响水稻产量和品质的重要性状。基于基因GW8序列分析, 在该基因启动子区10 bp的Indel和第3外显子A/C和T/G的2个变异位点分别开发了功能标记, 并将其用于294份水稻微核心种质和2007-2013年江苏省审定的65份粳稻品种的基因型鉴定。研究结果表明这3个变异位点的等位变异对主要的粒形性状有着显著或极显著的影响; 其在水稻微核心种质存在的8种单体型对水稻粒形性状有着极显著的影响, 其中分别有126、85和58个代表品种的Hap3、Hap6和Hap1是最主要的单体型, 单体型Hap7对应水稻籽粒的粒长最长、长宽比最大、千粒重最大; 而江苏省审定的粳稻品种中仅发现分别有63个和2个代表品种的单体型是Hap6和Hap2。这些研究结果为水稻产量和品质育种中充分利用基因GW8的优异等位基因或单体型奠定了基础。     

云南小麦品种(系)株高和粒重相关功能基因的KASP标记检测

利用矮秆基因Rht-B1、Rht-D1和千粒重功能基因TaCwi-A1、TaGW2-6A、TaSus2-2B的KASP标记,对云南省育成的42份小麦品种(系)进行单倍型检测,旨在筛选出含有目标基因的优异小麦种质,为云南省小麦产量相关性状的遗传改良提供材料和方法。结果表明,供试材料的株高基因组成分为5种类型,分别为Rht-B1a/Rht-D1a(40.48%)、Rht-B1a/Rht-D1b(23.81%)、Rht-B1a+197bp/Rht-D1a(4.76%)、Rht-B1b/Rht-D1a(28.57%)、Rht-B1b/Rht-D1b(2.38%)。供试材料中TaCwi-A1基因TaCwi-A1a高粒重单倍型的分布频率为42.86%,TaGW2-6A基因Hap-6A-A高粒重单倍型的分布频率为38.10%,TaSus2-2B基因Hap-H高粒重单倍型的分布频率为71.43%。5份品种(系)为3个千粒重基因的TaCwi-A1a/Hap-6A-A/Hap-H高粒重单倍型组合,频率为11.90%。研究表明,云南小麦品种(系)产量相关性状具有较好的遗传改良潜力。     

一个普通小麦Trx超家族新基因TaNRX的克隆与抗旱相关标记开发

抗旱相关基因的挖掘和分子标记开发对选育抗旱小麦品种有重要意义。采用同源克隆、电子克隆、RACE技术和生物信息学分析手段,获得了普通小麦硫氧还蛋白(Trx)超家族一个新基因(TaNRX)的全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号为KC890769),包含2015 bp,其中开放阅读框1734 bp;预测编码577个氨基酸,分子量为63.79 kD,含3个Trx活性功能区,其中2个存在典型的Cys-X1-X2-Cys结构,具有催化氧化还原反应的活性。TaNRX基因被定位在小麦的5B染色体短臂上,包含4个外显子和3个内含子。比较该基因在两组极端相对发芽率品种中的序列差异,发现第1个内含子差异明显。基于差异位点开发了4个显性互补标记,并用其检测150份小麦品种(系)。检测到TaNRX基因在普通小麦中至少存在2种与抗旱相关的等位变异,分别是TaNRX-a和TaNRX-b;TaNRX-a基因型的品种(系)平均相对发芽率显著高于TaNRX-b基因型(P0.01),说明开发的标记可被用于小麦抗旱性鉴定筛选。     

Production of hexaploid triticale by a synthetic hexaploid wheat-rye hybrid method

Grain weight is an important factor contributing to grain yield in wheat. Markers closely linked to grain weight could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to accelerate the wheat breeding process. In this paper, a second backcross recombinant inbred line (BC₂F₄) population, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, and one natural population were used to study the relationship between allelic variants of the grain weight gene TaGW2-6A and grain weight, width, and length with the goal of verifying the feasibility using the functional marker Hap-6A-P1/P2 in MAS. The differences in average grain weight, width, and length between haplotypes Hap-6A-G and Hap-6A-A were 8.09 g, 0.22 mm, and 0.38 mm, respectively, in the BC₂F₄ population; 4.01 g, 0.11 mm, and 0.10 mm in the RIL population; and 3.95 g, 0.10 mm, and 0.20 mm in the natural population. All the differences were significant. Sequencing results of the products of second round PCR indicated that a 167 bp TaqI restriction fragment had been generated from small-grain-size materials because of three TaqI restriction sites (TCGA). However, the large-grain-size variant generated a 218 bp fragment due to a single-nucleotide mutation (SNP) (TCGA → TCGG) at the third site. TaGW2-6A expression levels were negative with respect to grain width, length, and weight. For this reason, Hap-6A-G was considered a superior allele. These results contradict those of a previous study, which showed Hap-6A-A to be significantly associated with wider grain and higher grain weight.     

QTL analysis of kernel shape and weight using recombinant inbred lines in wheat

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of kernel shape and weight in common wheat was conducted using a set of 131 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from ‘Chuan 35050’ × ‘Shannong 483’. The RIL and their two parental genotypes were evaluated for kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and test weight (TW) in four different environments. Twenty QTL were located on 12 chromosomes, 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5D, 6A, 6B, and 7B, with single QTL in different environments explaining 5.9–26.4% of the phenotypic variation. Six, three, four, and seven QTL were detected for KL, KW, TKW, and TW, respectively. The additive effects for 17 QTL were positive with Chuan 35050 increasing the QTL effects, whereas the remaining three QTL were negative with Shannong 483 increasing the effects. Eight QTL (40%) were detected in two or more environments. Two QTL clusters relating to KW, TKW, and TW were located on chromosomes 2A and 5D, and the co-located QTL on chromosome 6A involved a QTL for KW found in two environments and a QTL for TKW detected in four environments.     

Farmer participatory evaluation confirms higher grain yields in spring wheat using a selection index for spot blotch resistance, maturity and kernel weight

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars for the warm regions of South Asia must produce high yields and possess resistance to spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus), early maturity and high kernel weight. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of selecting for high grain yield based on a selection index for spot blotch resistance, maturity and kernel weight in four wheat crosses involving a susceptible cultivar and resistant genotypes. Initial selection of 40 progeny lines in each cross had been made using a selection index based on disease severity, days to heading and kernel weight as reported by Sharma and Duveiller [{Crop Sci 43 (2003) 2031}]. The five highest grain-yielding progeny lines from among the 40 lines in each cross, their parents and five popular commercial cultivars were evaluated in field trials at two sites in Nepal in the 2002 and 2003 wheat seasons. Multiple spot blotch assessments were made to determine the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Grain yield, thousand-kernel weight (TKW), days to heading and plant height were examined. The wheat genotypes in the farmer's field were also ranked on the basis of cultivar preference criteria by the local farmers. The 20 progeny lines always showed a higher (+11 to +125%) grain yield and heavier (+10 to +44%) kernels than their parents and a lower (−83 to −89%) AUDPC than the susceptible parent. The progeny lines showed 98–100% grain yield, 97–100% TKW and 66–78% AUDPC compared to the highest grain-yielding commercial cultivar. Based on the farmers' preference criteria for a desirable wheat genotype, the best progeny lines ranked from 3rd to 5th, whereas the two commercial cultivars ranked 1st (Gautam) and 2nd (BL 1473). Results indicated that selection was effective in combining adaptation genes present in a local cultivar with some level of tolerance to spot blotch and resistance genes from exotic genotypes, which translated into improved agronomic performance and disease resistance. The selection index and farmer participatory approach used in this study could serve as a guideline in breeding efforts targeted for high yielding genotypes for wheat-growing conditions in South Asia where spot blotch is a serious biotic constraint to yield.     

花后冠层温度对小麦产量的影响及几个关联SSR位点的效应分析

小麦生育期间的冠层温度,尤其是开花以后的冠层温度对植株衰老、粒重和品质等有很大影响。2012—2013和2013—2014年度,在河南新乡利用4个品种的选择导入系群体观测了冬小麦冠层温度与产量间的关系,并通过全基因组SSR标记检测相关主效基因位点,以解析其遗传机制。结果表明,冠层温度与千粒重和产量呈显著负相关;与有效穗数呈显著正相关,并随着时间的推移,相关性逐渐增大。在已报道的44个与千粒重或穗粒数相关联的SSR位点中,有9个与冠层温度显著关联,其中在6个位点上检测到优异等位变异,携带优异等位变异材料的冠层温度显著低于携带非优异等位变异材料的冠层温度。影响冠层温度的优异等位变异间存在明显的加性效应,这些位点同时也与千粒重和穗粒数呈现出显著关联。与冠层温度关联的SSR位点均与灌浆中后期旗叶的叶绿素含量相关联。由此表明,在灌浆后期良好的根系功能保证了水分和营养的正常供应,降低了冠层温度,而较低的冠层温度对叶绿素和光合起到了良好的保护作用,从而提高千粒重和增加籽粒产量。     

高分子量谷蛋白单亚基缺失对软质小麦宁麦9号加工品质的影响

基因敲除是研究高分子量谷蛋白(HMW-GS)亚基功能的重要方法。本研究以软质小麦宁麦9号野生型及其单亚基缺失系为材料,探讨了HMW-GS缺失对籽粒品质性状、谷蛋白组分含量和加工品质的影响。在29份参试品系中,野生型有3个穗系,Glu-A1x、Glu-B1x、Glu-B1y、Glu-D1x和Glu-D1y缺失型分别有5、7、5、5和4份。野生型与缺失型,以及缺失型之间的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、籽粒硬度和溶剂保持力无显著差异。缺失型的谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白、高分量谷蛋白/低分子量谷蛋白含量比值低于野生型,其中Glu-B1x和Glu-D1x缺失型的比值显著低于野生型(P<0.05)。缺失型的揉面仪峰值时间和8 min带宽变异范围分别为1.38~1.64 min和3.38%~3.98%,显著低于野生型的2.00 min和4.57% (P<0.05),以Glu-B1x和Glu-D1x缺失型表现最低。与野生型相比,缺失型的糖酥饼干直径均有增加,其中Glu-B1x、Glu-B1y和Glu-D1y缺失型饼干直径的增加达显著水平(P<0.05),而缺失型之间的差异不显著。在宁麦9号背景下,高分子量麦谷蛋白单亚基缺失弱化了面筋强度,改善了糖酥饼干加工品质,亚基敲除可能是进一步提高软质小麦加工品质的有效途径。     

北方冬麦区新育成优质小麦品种面条品质相关性状分析

为了解近年北方冬麦区育成优质小麦品种的品质状况,两年两点统一种植52份优质品种(系)及6份国外代表性品种,测定其磨粉品质、和面仪和混合实验仪特性、淀粉糊化特性及面条品质,并利用5个基因特异性标记分析基因型分布及其对品质性状的影响。结果表明,大部分品种为硬质、中强筋类型,品种间出粉率、面粉a*值、b*值、黄色素含量、PPO活性、和面仪参数、混合实验仪形成时间和稳定时间差异较大。和面仪8 min带宽和混合实验仪稳定时间可作为预测面条品质的重要指标,可分别解释面条总分变异33.3%和34.4%。Ppo-A1a和Ppo-A1b频率为41.4%和58.6%,两种基因型间PPO活性差异显著(P<0.05);Ppo-D1a和Ppo-D1b频率为51.7%和48.3%,但PPO活性差异不显著;Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b频率为81.0%和19.0%,两种基因型间黄色素含量差异显著(P<0.05);1BL/1RS易位和非易位品种频率为13.8%和86.2%,两种基因型间面粉L*值、黄色素含量、和面仪衰落势与8 min带宽、混合实验仪稳定时间等差异显著(P<0.05)。面条品质较好的品种包括Sunzell、石优17、郑麦366、中麦 895、周麦 26、CA1004和石4185。本研究明确了58份小麦品种(系)的品质特征和基因型分布,为优质小麦新品种选育和推广提供了重要信息。     

软红冬小麦品质性状与饼干直径的关系

以57份软红冬小麦品种(系)为材料,通过测定出粉率、面粉颗粒度、蛋白质含量、溶剂保持力和RVA参数等指标,研究了小麦品质性状与饼干直径的关系。结果表明,品种(系)间的品质性状和饼干直径变异较大。在16个品质性状中,有11个与饼干直径呈显著或极显著相关,其中碳酸钠SRC、水SRC、蔗糖SRC与饼干直径的相关最密切,相关系数分别为-0.8643(P0.01)、-0.8579(P0.01)和-0.7566(P0.01),可作为饼干品质的筛选指标。采用最短距离法对57份小麦品种(系)的饼干直径进行聚类分析,结果聚为3大类及若干亚类,3大类饼干平均直径分别为16.75、15.14和18.45cm。筛选出9个饼干直径超过宁麦9号的种质资源,可作为优质饼干小麦品种选育的中间材料加以利用。     

粒重基因TaCwi-A1等位变异在黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)中的分布及功能分析

为探讨小麦粒重基因TaCwi-A1等位变异TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b在育种实践中的应用价值,首先利用TaCwi-A1功能标记对539份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)进行分子检测,确定各供试材料的等位变异类型,从而获得TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b 2种等位变异的分布频率。对审定品种、参加区试品系以及自育品系进行了千粒质量(3个不同生长环境)及粒长、粒宽和籽粒面积(1个生长环境)测试分析,比较TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b等位变异籽粒表型性状的差异性。结果表明,在539份黄淮麦区小麦资源中TaCwi-A1a的分布频率为65.03%,TaCwi-A1b的分布频率为34.97%,TaCwi-A1a的分布频率明显高于TaCwi-A1b。籽粒表型性状分析表明,无论是审定品种,还是参加区试品系和自育品系,在3个生长环境下,TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的千粒质量均值都显著高于TaCwi-A1b;TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的粒长和粒宽均显著高于TaCwi-A1b。进一步验证了TaCwi-A1a等位变异的籽粒表型性状增效功能,说明其对粒重及其构成要素是优异的等位变异。此外,本研究鉴定了黄淮麦区中TaCwi-A1等位变异的分布情况,为亲本选配提供了参考。     

Development and characterization of wheat lines with increased levels of arabinoxylan

Improving the nutritional quality and health benefits of food has been of increasing interest globally over the last decade. Staple cereal foods are the major sources of dietary fiber and a recent study identified the Chinese wheat cultivar Yumai-34 as having unusually high levels of water-extractable arabinoxylan (WE-AX) and total arabinoxylan (TOT-AX) in flour. Crosses were therefore made between this variety and three Central European varieties (Lupus, Mv-Mambo, Ukrainka) and the physical properties (test weight, thousand-kernel weight, flour yield, kernel hardness), composition (protein, gluten, WEAX, total AX) and processing quality (gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation, Farinograph parameters) of the grain were compared for thirty-one breeding lines (F₇–F₉) and the four parents in a 3-year field experiment (2013–2015). Increases of 0.5% in the WE-AX content and 1% in the content of total AX content of the flour were achieved, with an improvement in dough properties. The thousand-kernel weight, protein content, gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation and water absorption of the flour also increased in many lines, while three of the lines had yields that were competitive with the official control varieties, making them suitable for registration.