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1.
弱光对番茄幼苗生长的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
测定了弱光条件下番茄幼苗的根、茎、叶干物质重量的变化,从中得出不同弱光条件及处理时间长短对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,处理时间越长,光照越弱,对番茄幼苗生长的影响越明显;不同的番茄品种之间对弱光反应存在较大差异,培育耐弱光的番茄品种是切实可行的。  相似文献   

2.
采用弱光敏感型S404和耐弱光S1两种不同生态型黄瓜自交系,在人工气候室内,研究了弱光对黄瓜幼苗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响,以期了解黄瓜苗期弱光响应的生理机制.结果表明,弱光处理可使黄瓜幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、多糖含量、酸性转化酶(SAI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性下降.随着...  相似文献   

3.
弱光对春季温室黄瓜生长发育的影响   总被引:21,自引:4,他引:17  
弱光明显抑制黄瓜的生长发育,主要表现为植株干重降低、茎变细、产量降低、畸形瓜率增高等。弱光导致叶绿素含量下降、净光合速率明显降低。经过弱光处理后的黄瓜幼苗,无论在正常光照下还是在弱光条件下继续生长,其净光合速率均比对照明显降低,而气孔导度和细胞间隙CO2浓度的不同变化说明:在弱光条件下黄瓜幼苗净光合速率的降低是由气孔限制因素造成的;在正常光照下净光合速率的降低可能是由非气孔限制因素造成的。叶绿素荧光动力学测定发现,弱光处理后,黄瓜幼苗和成株的PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)没有发生明显变化,不同处理之间差异不显著,说明弱光胁迫并没有使光合作用PSⅡ原初光能转化效率发生实质变化。弱光导致类胡萝卜素含量的下降,可诱发光抑制作用。不同的黄瓜品种对弱光胁迫的反应不同,不同的弱光处理方式对黄瓜生长发育的影响也不相同。多组数据表明,自交系Q21耐弱光能力较强,而T94耐弱光能力较弱,这与多年田间观察的结果一致。对光合作用能量吸收和转换起决定性作用的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素破坏较少,是品种耐弱光的基础。  相似文献   

4.
高粱耐冷种质的鉴定及利用评价   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
为了满足高粱育种对耐冷基础材料的需求,解决高粱播后遇低温造成幼芽受冻、幼苗萎焉进而影响高粱产量的问题,对238份高粱种质资源进行了高粱芽期、苗期耐冷性鉴定与评价,从中筛选出芽期耐冷种质15份,苗期耐冷种质11份。印度材料IS-2867和中国育成种TC1383-2、E671在芽期、苗期均为耐冷一级抗性,其中TC1383-2是中国高粱育种常用的恢复系,其耐冷特性对于耐冷品种的选育具有利用价值。结果表明,地方品种、育成种和国外品种的耐冷性存在差异,无论芽期还是苗期,在中国地方品种中都有较高比例的耐冷资源,说明在中国地方品种中挖掘耐冷种质的潜力较大。  相似文献   

5.
主成分分析法对番茄品种耐弱光性的综合评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了筛选出可用于鉴定番茄耐弱光性的数量化指标,对番茄的耐弱光性进行较系统的综合评价。以6个番茄为试验材料,主要采用分光光度计法对不同程度弱光(50%自然光、25%自然光)胁迫后番茄9个生理生化指标进行测定,利用模糊数学中求隶属函数值的方法对各番茄品种进行耐弱光性综合评价;对番茄各品种抗氧化酶(POD、SOD、CAT)活性、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和产量构成因素(坐果率、单株产量)的测定,对各单项指标的耐弱光系数进行相关性分析和主成分分析。试验结果表明,坐果率和产量与其他耐弱光指标之间存在着极显著的相关性。同一种作物在不同程度的逆境胁迫下,抗逆能力的稳定性也有不同。如‘新粉八号’和‘金冠五号’的耐弱光性比较稳定;‘粉都丽人二号’适于在轻度弱光条件的环境中种植;‘亚洲粉皇’对弱光抵御能力最低。  相似文献   

6.
对目前国内外高光效、耐弱光甘薯的研究进展进行了综述,旨在为高光效、耐弱光甘薯品种的选育提供一定理论指导。研究从4个方面进行阐述:(1)高光效、耐弱光种质特性;(2)弱光对甘薯农艺性状、光合特性、逆境酶活性与渗透调节物质、块根产量及品质的影响;(3)高光效甘薯种质筛选及甘薯耐荫性评价方法研究进展;(4)高光效、耐弱光甘薯育种研究进展。并对未来的研究方向做出展望,建议科技工作者致力于高光效、耐弱光甘薯品种的选育工作,制定育种目标,改进育种方法,以适应现代化甘薯产业机械化和高产需求。  相似文献   

7.
两种生态型黄瓜幼苗光系统I抗氧化酶对弱光的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以2种生态型黄瓜品种为材料,在人工气候室内,研究了弱光对光系统I(PSI)水-水循环电子传递过程中一系列酶活性的影响,以期了解黄瓜苗期弱光响应的生理机制。结果表明,在弱光胁迫的早期,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化氢酶(APX)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性比对照有所增加,但随着黄瓜幼苗对弱光的不断适应,3种酶活性逐渐降低。此时,耐弱光型品种(S1)叶片中的SOD、APX和DHAR活性增幅要明显高于S404,而单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性在两供试材料中与对照相比均有所减弱。弱光下,S1叶片中MDHAR活性高于S404,而GR活性却低于S404。因此,耐弱光型黄瓜品种具有较高地清除活性氧和自由基的能力,可能通过调节NADPH在PS I水-水循环电子传递链中的分配来更好地适应弱光逆境。  相似文献   

8.
为明确弱光下西瓜果实难以正常膨大的问题,以西瓜‘苏蜜8号’为试材,通过田间遮阴模拟弱光试验,研究弱光对西瓜植株生长、果实发育的影响。结果表明,弱光对西瓜植株生长的影响从遮光处理开始就一直存在;授粉后的3~15天为西瓜果实快速膨大期,也是弱光影响西瓜果实膨大的关键时期。弱光能显著降低植株的株高、茎粗、叶数和叶大小,并能显著抑制植株光合作用和干鲜物质的积累。弱光使西瓜果肉细胞变小,数目变少;抑制西瓜果肉的细胞核内复制,进而影响西瓜果实的正常膨大。本研究可为西瓜栽培光环境管理和抗弱光栽培技术的研究及应用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
弱光下黄瓜苗期两个光合性状与夜间呼吸强度的遗传分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
设施黄瓜的生长和产量对光照有很强的依赖性,光照不仅是植株进行光合作用的直接能源,而且对植株的生长发育过程具有重要的调节作用。一般较低的光补偿点与光饱合点是耐阴植物的重要特征,较耐弱光的品种具有较低的光补偿点,说明它们对弱光的利用能力较强。以6份黄瓜自交系为试材,采用完全双列杂交GriffingⅡ设计配制15个组合研究了弱光单一因子条件下黄瓜苗期光补偿点、净光合速率和夜间呼吸强度的配合力及遗传规律,将6个亲本分类并得到2个较耐弱光的杂交组合。结果表明,在25℃的条件下,黄瓜苗期光补偿点的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力分别为71.75%和21.42%,净光合速率的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力分别为73.62%和0.20℃条件下夜间呼吸强度的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力分别为49.77%和20.59%。  相似文献   

10.
早春低温主要发生在萌发期和幼苗期2个阶段,是限制我国东北地区花生产量和品质的关键性因素。在农业生产上,耐冷品种的选育是解决低温冷害问题最直接有效的手段。本研究以68个东北地区主栽的花生品种为试验材料,分别在室内萌发期、幼苗期及田间对其耐冷性进行了评价。在萌发期,通过对10℃、8℃、6℃和4℃处理7 d后各花生品种的种子活力进行综合隶属函数分析和标准正态分布检测发现,6℃处理7d适合作为大批量花生种质耐冷性鉴定的条件。在幼苗期,经6℃处理7 d后,以株高、叶面积、地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部干重和耐冷等级作为评价指标,对各花生品种的耐冷性进行鉴定。相关性分析表明,叶面积、地上部鲜重和耐冷等级与花生的耐冷性关系最为密切,可以作为花生苗期耐冷性鉴定的主要评价指标。在田间自然条件下,采用提前播期和分期播种的方式,以相对出苗率、相对出苗能力及产量构成因素为评价指标对室内筛选结果进行验证,基于多重表型分析方法,最终鉴定出适合东北地区种植的在萌发期和幼苗期均耐冷的花生品种农花5号,以及冷敏感型花生品种阜花18号。本研究为我国高寒地区的花生种植提供了品种参考,为花生耐冷机制研究提供了优异种质资源。  相似文献   

11.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

12.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

13.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

16.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.  相似文献   

17.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

18.
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...  相似文献   

19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf 1) and recessive for the other (Rf 2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph 3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf 1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf 1and Rf 2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf 1, and 0.15 for Lf 1-Sph 3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph 3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf 1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph 3. Poor performance of lf 1- (and possibly lf 2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).  相似文献   

20.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...  相似文献   

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