番茄种子萌发的高温耐性诱导

番茄种子萌发的适宜温度为25～30℃;在15℃和35℃下萌发,种子的活力显著”降。通过轻度的温度胁迫处理,可大大提高番茄种子在高温下的萌发／生长能力;15℃和30℃分别是预处理的适宜低温和高温。番茄种子经低温预处理后在随后的高温中萌发其活力提高,说明种子对高温和低温胁迫具有文叉适应能力。     

洋桔梗种子低温春化处理对抽薹的影响

为开发洋桔梗夏季育苗秋冬季开花栽培的促进抽薹技术,研究了种子低温春化处理及春化处理后育苗夜温对抽薹的影响.洋桔梗吸水种子低温春化处理可以有效促进发芽和抽薹,以7～10℃35 d暗处理促进抽薹的效果较好;种子低温春化处理后,育苗期间白天30～35℃,夜间20～23℃的温度管理,幼苗可以正常抽薹,但23～26℃以上夜间高温...     

高温胁迫下白三叶种子萌发特性及耐热性研究

通过不同温度处理,对7个白三叶品种的种子萌发特性和耐热性进行了研究。结果表明,40℃胁迫下种子不发芽;在20～35℃范围内,白三叶种子发芽率随温度升高而降低,变温(20℃16 h,35℃8 h)处理可改善高温对种子萌发的抑制程度;相比变温和低温处理,高温(25～35℃)处理缩短了种子萌发所需的时间。高温处理可促进胚根的发育,变温处理对胚根也有这种作用,但抑制胚芽的生长。不同品种对高温的耐受能力不同,通过耐热性综合评价,可将白三叶品种划分为3个耐热等级,其中胡依阿属于耐热性强的品种,雷托、克劳和鄂牧1号耐热性中等,海法、路易斯安那和G 18耐热性较弱。     

紫花醉鱼草(Buddleja fallowiana Balf.f.et W.W.Smith)种子萌发条件的研究

紫花醉鱼草是主要分布于云南西北部海拔 2 70 0～ 380 0 m的一种野生观赏灌木 ,其种子长圆形 ,褐色 ,周围有翅 ,大小约 0 .5 mm× 0 .5 mm,千粒重 0 .0 5 5 g。在 2 0℃及 2 5℃的发芽温度下第 15 d的发芽率分别为 94%和 98% :在抑制紫花醉鱼草种子发芽的 30℃的温度下 ,180 0 lx～ 30 0 0 lx的人工光照和每日光照 16～ 2 0 h能促进种子萌发。在 2 5℃的发芽适温下 ,照光能使紫花醉鱼草种子萌发提前 1～ 3d。低温高海拔的生境和其种子萌发对高温与光照的需求 ,可能是紫花醉鱼草在自然环境中不能自然繁殖成为蔓延性杂草的原因之一。     

反温敏核不育系go 543 s临界温度值及其温度敏感期的研究

利用人工气候室和分期播种研究了反温敏核不育系go 543 s临界温度值及其温度敏感期.试验结果表明高温诱导反温敏核不育系go 543 s育性转换的临界温度值为29.5～30℃;反温敏核不育系go 543 s育性转换温度敏感期在雌雄蕊形成期至减数分裂期,即抽穗前18～13 d;同时讨论了该不育系在实际应用中应注意的问题.     

种子浸渍法诱导黄芩多倍体的探索

探讨了种子浸渍法诱导多倍体的可行性,认为较其它诱导法更具有优越性.同时分析了目前种子浸渍法诱导多倍体不理想的原因,确立了黄芩种子萌发露白为诱导时机的开始,30℃、0.01%秋水仙素+0.3%二甲基亚砜的混合液联合诱导6 h为最佳诱导条件,可大幅度提高黄苓的诱导率和成活率,减少嵌合体的发生.     

杜梨的种子处理和播种技术

1种子处理 主要有高温处理和低温处理两种方法. 1.1低温处理 用于春播种子,在播种期前30～50d将种子冷水浸湿后与体积为种子的3～6倍的清洁湿河沙或湿锯末混合,沙或锯末的湿度以手握成团而又不滴水为度,拌匀后在0～7℃温度下堆放或置于菜窖中,并用塑料膜覆盖.种子萌动期间要经常检查和翻动.注意种子湿度,如干则适度洒水.     

外源激素调控蝴蝶兰开花技术

温度是蝴蝶兰花期控制最为关键的因素之一,处理时间一般为距预定盛花期110～140天,处理的适宜日温为25℃～27℃,夜温为15℃～18℃。根据蝴蝶兰开花习性与生长发育规律,生产中可在高温下适用外源GA3、IBA、IAA等激素代替低温缩短诱导开花时间。     

在南宁生产培矮64S核心种子的试验

在培矮64S幼穗分化发育2～5期将其置于人工气候室进行23～24℃的低温处理，再生留种获得核心种子。用此核心种子进行冷灌繁殖供生产用种。     

梭罗草种子适宜萌发条件的研究

用不同处理方法:①恒温20、25、30℃和变温15～25℃(每天高温8 h,低温16 h)的不同温度处理,②低温层积处理(分别冷藏30、60、90 d),③98%的浓硫酸溶液处理,④0.20%的硝酸钾溶液处理,⑤0.25%的氢氧化钠溶液处理,研究不同处理对梭罗草种子发芽率、发芽势和种子活力指数的影响.结果表明:不同温度处理、低温层积处理、不同化学药剂处理对梭罗草种子的萌发有显著影响.98%的浓硫酸溶液中浸泡90 s的处理能提高其发芽率和发芽势,低温层积处理能提高发芽势.     

风味豌豆即食罐头加工技术的研究

研究了在加工豌豆即食罐头时浸泡液的食盐浓度、浸泡时间、浸泡温度对产品品质的影响。得出了浸泡液最佳食盐质量分数为2%,最佳浸泡时间为28h,最佳浸泡温度为60℃时,豌豆即食罐头的色泽、口感及其综合评定达到最佳的结论。     

Effect of Defoliation and Deflowering on Post-Flowering Dry Matter Distribution in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L)

Studies on source-sink relationship were conducted in two chickpea varieties Cicer arietinum L. namely, Kabuli (L-550) and Desi (BG-256). The primary objective of the present study was to assess the influence of source/sink manipulation by defoliation or deflowering or both on dry matter accumulation in different vegetative parts. Seeds were sown in earthen pots containing sandy loam soils. Plants were raised under normal moisture conditions following recommended agronomic practices. In defoliation treatment all the freshly formed leaves were removed from the onset of flowering until harvest. The leaves formed earlier were kept intact. Removal of flower buds from start of flowering until harvest contributed deflowering treatment. Defoliation and deflowering treatment is a combination of both, whereas untreated plants served as control. Significant differences in dry matter distribution and total soluble sugar (TSS) content as a function of source sink manipulation were observed between the varieties. Defoliation treatment preferentially increased more stem dry weight (DW) in L-550 and more root and nodule dry weight in BG-256. In both the varieties deflowering treatment resulted in increased leaf and stem DW. This treatment also resulted in increased root and nodule DW in BG-256, but only nodule DW in L-550. When defoliation treatment was combined with deflowering, in both the varieties a decrease in DW in leaf and stem and an increase in DW of root and nodule were observed. Total dry matter content increased 2–3-fold with deflowering in L-550 but in Bg-356 there was no significant increase, indicating a possible role of flowers and reproductive organs in dry matter accumulation. Similar results were obtained even with defoliation, which indicates the major role played by leaves formed before flowering in L-550, and leaves formed after flowering in BG-256. Thus, this study suggests variation in the functional role of leaves formed before and after flowering.     

荷兰豆物流保鲜技术

介绍了荷兰豆的贮藏特性及适宜的保鲜环境条件,概述了荷兰豆采后物流过程中的保鲜技术工艺和操作要点,为荷兰豆采后的贮运保鲜提供参考。     

神农架及三峡地区豌豆种质资源考察

通过对神农架及三峡地区22县(市)进行豌豆种质资源考察,搜集种质材料138份,并在武昌进行了田间鉴定。考察、鉴定结果表明,该地区豌豆种质资源丰富,水平分布广泛,垂直分布上限达海拔2000米,且类型多样;据不同方法可分成2个变种、组群或类型。经初步筛选,发现了一些优良种质资源,如高蛋白资源,矮秆资源等。当前对这批资源的利用宜从3方面着手,即提纯复壮综合性状好的地方品种直接用于生产、发展以城郊为主体的蔬菜豌豆生产以及利用优良基因资源促进豌豆育种。性状评价结果,该地区豌豆地方品种的主要性状都不很理想,应尽快改良和更换;相关分析和通径分析,揭示了该地区豌豆资源产量因素间的关系,提出了育种应注意的问题。     

Total phenolics and condensed tannins in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

Seed samples of seventeen field pea cultivars grown at five locations, and nine grass pea lines grown at two locations, in western Canada during 1993 and 1994 were analysed for total phenolics and condensed tannins. Each location in each year was considered as one environment. Total phenolics in field pea differed significantly among cultivars, ranging from 162 mg/kg DM (dry matter) (CE, catechin equivalents) for AC Tamor to 325 mg/kg DM (CE) for Richmond. Field pea had barely detectable levels of condensed tannins. Total phenolics in grass pea ranged from 868 mg/kg DM (CE) for L880388 to 2059 mg/kg DM (CE) for LS89110. Condensed tannins in grass pea ranged from 0.89 g/kg DM (CE) for L880388 to 5.18 g/kg DM (CE) for LS89125. Cultivar had a larger relative contribution to total phenolic levels in field pea and to total phenolic and condensed tannin levels in grass pea than environment. Total phenolic and condensed tannin levels were not correlated with seed yield and seed protein content in field pea or grass pea. Levels of total phenolics and condensed tannins were positively correlated in grass pea. Grass pea seeds with darker seed coat colour contained higher levels of condensed tannins. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Response of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to mepiquat chloride under varying application doses and stages

Grown as a monoculture, peas (Pisum sativum L.) exhibit severe lodging after flowering and lodging causes yield reductions considerable. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dose (untreated, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g a.i. ha^?1) and stage (late vegetative, early blooming and early pod filling) of mepiquat chloride (MC) application on the growth, lodging control, seed yield and yield parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) under field conditions in Erzurum, Turkey in 2002 and 2003. Application doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g a.i. ha^?1 significantly reduced stem height by 5.3 %, 7.2 %, 7.5 % and 6.4 % and increased stem width by 7.5 %, 12.7 %, 12.3 % and 15.7 % respectively, when compared with the untreated control, and thereby reduced the tendency of the crop to lodging. Increases of the seed yield under different application doses of MC ranged between 13.7 % and 20.1 % over the untreated control. However, in all parameters investigated, except for stem width, higher application doses of MC gave no clear advantages compared with the application dose of 25 g a.i. ha^?1. Seed yield was also significantly influenced by application stage of MC and application at early blooming stage of crop, MC significantly increased seed yield by 11.4 % and 10.2 % when compared with the late vegetative and the early pod filling stages respectively. Furthermore, the interaction of application dose and stage was significant, and spraying of pea plants with 25 g a.i. ha^?1 MC at early blooming stage has the most beneficial effects on the characters evaluated.     

豌豆叶片细胞中茉莉酸的胶体金免疫电镜定位

摘要：利用胶体金免疫电镜定位技术对豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）叶片细胞中茉莉酸进行亚细胞定位。结果显示,在叶肉细胞中,茉莉酸主要分布在叶绿体、细胞壁和细胞质中,细胞核中也有少量金颗粒分布。韧皮部筛管与伴胞分子中观察到有大量的金颗粒标记,木质部细胞中没有观察到金颗粒标记。上述研究结果为阐明茉莉酸生物学功能提供重要细胞学依据。     

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Whole-Crop Pea and Pea–Cereal Mixture Silages Grown in South-western Quebec

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre (IVNDFD) digestibilities of silages made from whole‐crop pea [Pisum sativum L. (PS)], pea–wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (PW)], pea–barley [Hordeum vulgare L. (PB)] and pea–oat [Avena sativa L. (PO)] mixtures harvested 8 weeks (H8) and 10 weeks (H10) after seeding. Forty‐five days after ensiling, all forages were well ensiled as indicated by low pH and low water‐soluble carbohydrate content and high lactic acid concentration. Regardless of forage type, crude protein (CP) and IVNDFD were higher while starch and acid detergent lignin were lower in H8 than H10. However, harvest date had no effect on neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre of the silages. Within each harvest date, CP was higher while NDF was lower for PS than pea–cereal silages. Differences in CP and fibre fractions between the pea–cereal mixture silages were not consistent for the two harvest dates. The IVDMD of PS was higher than that of the three pea–cereal mixture silages in H8 but was only higher than that of PB in H10. For the pea–cereal mixtures, IVDMD was higher for PO than PB and PW in H8 and was higher for PB than PW in H10. It was concluded that silage from pea monoculture had similar forage yields and a generally higher nutritive value than silages from pea–cereal mixtures.     

印度改良木豆品种栽培技术研究初报

对印度改良木豆品种的栽培技术进行初步研究表明 ,①以食用为目的的木豆栽培技术主要为 :当日平均温度稳定通过 15℃时播种 ,一般采用直播 ;种植密度为 6 0 0 0～ 12 0 0 0株 hm2 ,宽行窄株种植 ;施肥量为N 4 5kg hm2 、P2 O54 5kg hm2 、K2 O 6 0kg hm2 左右 ,并配合喷施B、Mo等微量元素 ;加强病虫害防治 ,特别是虫害 ;及时分批收获等。②以饲用或肥用为目的的木豆与以食用为目的的木豆比较 ,在栽培技术上要增加密度和用肥量 ,一般种植密度为 15 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 0 0株 hm2 ,用肥量为N 12 0kg hm2 、P2 O56 0kg hm2 、K2 O 12 0kg hm2 左右 ,此外每年应刈割 2次 ,刈割高度为 10 0cm ,第 1次在第 1批荚鲜食期 ,第 2次在 11月中下旬。③木豆的越冬应整株不修剪 ,并采取盖草护蔸和盖膜保温等措施 ,开春后应早管理。     

半无叶型菜豌豆7个农艺性状的通径分析

对“普通型日本菜豌豆×半无叶型菜豌豆宝菜2号”后代株系的株高（x1）、分枝数（x2）、糖度（x3）、单株荚数（x4）、双荚率（x5）、单株粒数（x6）、鲜百粒重（x7）、鲜荚产量（y）进行了通径分析。结果表明：各个性状对鲜荚产量均有直接正向效应,其相对重要性排序为单株粒数>鲜百粒重>单株荚数>分枝数>株高>糖度>双荚率,其中各个农艺性状对鲜荚产量的直接效应中单株粒数最高,鲜百粒重次之。间接效应中单株荚数通过单株粒数对鲜荚产量的间接作用最大。综合各影响因素,在选育半无叶型菜豌豆时应注意各农艺性状指标的合理搭配。