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以进化程度不同的三种类型大豆四个品种配制的三种杂交组合F2至F2代为材料,采用系谱法,摘荚法及5%,10%〉25%入率的混合选择法按共同目标进行定向选择,以比较不同处理方法的选择效应及其对主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明:(1)在野生或半野生组合中,摘荚法或25%混合选择法选的材料成熟略晚2-3日,平均百粒生较小,而在栽培组合中系谱法或5%混合选择法选的材料有成熟略晚,种粒较大倾向。25%混选法或摘荚 相似文献
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[目的]为了研究不同引发剂组合对甜菜种子萌发的影响,为种子引发剂筛选提供依据,[方法]本研究利用甜菜种子TD305为试验材料,采用不同引发剂组合和不同浓度对甜菜种子进行处理,对发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数进行测定。[结果]结果显示,处理时间为48h时,0.2%硼酸+0.3%磷酸二氢钾和0.5%硼酸+0.3%磷酸二氢钾有利于甜菜种子的萌发,0.8%硼酸+0.3%磷酸二氢钾对甜菜种子萌发有抑制作用。0.2%硫酸锌+0.3%磷酸二氢钾引发效果最好。0.2%硫酸锰+0.3%磷酸二氢钾和0.5%硫酸锰+0.3%磷酸二氢钾的引发效果较好于0.1%硫酸锰+0.3%磷酸二氢钾。[结论] 通过不同引发组合比对分析表明,发芽势最高的组合为0.5%硫酸锰+0.3%磷酸二氢钾,发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数最高的组合为0.2%硫酸锌+0.3%磷酸二氢钾,而0.8%硼酸+0.3%磷酸二氢钾组合的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均为最低。 相似文献
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Breeding has led to a continuous increase of the performance of sugar beet varieties and thereby contributes to meet the global needs for food and biomass. This study aimed to analyze the extent of the breeding progress in sugar beet and to determine which parameters and traits were modified by breeding. In 2007 and 2008 sugar beet varieties registered between 1964 and 2003 were cultivated in field trials and in greenhouse experiments to exclude effects from changes in agronomic operations and climatic conditions. Differences in white sugar yield related to the reference variety registered in 1964 were regarded as breeding progress. The results showed an increase in the white sugar yield of 0.6–0.9% a−1 from 1964 to 2003 due to breeding. This was achieved by an improved biomass partitioning (higher root to leaf ratio and higher sugar to marc ratio), better technical quality (decreased concentration of K, Na, and amino N combined as standard molasses loss) and enhanced assimilation (higher chlorophyll content, higher assimilation rates). No changes were observed in leaf development and cambium ring formation. A principle component analysis pointed out that breeding targets have shifted with time from “yield” to “biomass quality”. To continue the breeding progress in future it is essential to integrate multiple resistances and tolerances against biotic and abiotic stress. 相似文献
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为研究东北旋耕制度条件下甜菜平作和垄作对于甜菜产量和质量的影响,2017年以‘H004’为试验材料,采用分区设计的实验方法,在哈尔滨呼兰区多年旋耕地测定了在平作和垄作栽培条件下甜菜的块根产量、绿茎叶产量、含糖率、甜菜地下和地上部位的干物质量比例以及不同耕作条件下不同土层的土壤含水量和容重。研究发现转旋耕条件下平作和垄作甜菜含糖量没有显著差异,但是垄作甜菜块根产量要明显优于平作甜菜,垄作甜菜块根单产达到87.8 t/hm2,而平作甜菜块根单产仅为72.9 t/hm2。此外研究发现平作甜菜地上部分干物质积累较多,如平作甜菜根/地上部干物质比值要显著低于垄作甜菜。同时发现垄作栽培土壤含水量及土壤疏松程度均优于平作,如在20-26 cm土层中垄作土壤的容重和含水量分别为1.38 g/cm3和21.96%,而在20~26 cm平作土壤的容重和含水量仅为1.56 g/cm3和19.35%。本研究表明在东北旋耕制度条件下,垄作栽培更适于甜菜生产,也为下一步研发东北高产高糖甜菜栽培模式鉴定重要基础。 相似文献
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摘 要:在摸清甜菜褐斑病发生时间动态规律的前提下,确定甜菜褐斑病化学防治时期,为科学治理甜菜褐斑病提供理论依据。2016—2017年,采用田间定期调查甜菜褐斑病病情指数的方法,探讨甜菜褐斑病发病程度随时间变化规律。结果表明:2016年病害发展时间曲线有4个高峰日,分别7月25日、8月24日、9月3日、9月18日,病情指数分别为:9.33、42.5、55.92、61.46;2017年,病害发展时间曲线经过8月14日、8月19日、8月24日、8月29日4次升高点一直到9月3日,病害发展达到第1个高峰期日9月3日,病情指数分别为7.86、10.75、30.56、36.53、42.88。发病前期(7月上中旬),降雨是甜菜褐斑病发生蔓延的决定性因子。9月中旬以后, 温度是甜菜褐斑病发生蔓延的决定性因子。第一个高峰期或上升点日期之前为最佳打药时期, 2016年应在7月25日前喷洒杀菌剂,2017年应在8月14日前喷洒杀菌剂。关键词:甜菜;甜菜褐斑病;病情指数;病害发展时间曲线;时间动态。中图分类号:S4文献标志码:A论文编号:casb17110062 相似文献
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B. Märländer 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1990,164(2):120-130
Influence of Plant Density on Yield and Quality and Possible Causes of Competition in Sugar Beet Crops
In trials conducted over 9 years at 1 location plant densities ranged from 35,000 to 110,000 plants/ha. Root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield reached maximum values at 92,700, 94,700 and 96,000 plants/ha, respectively. The decrease in yield per 1,000 plants/ha was greater as the plant density fell. The quality criteria (sugar concentration, white sugar concentration and sugar gain) were at their maxima at 107,000, 104,600 and 100,000 plants/ha, respectively, and they decreased at an almost constant rate as plant density declined. The concentrations of potassium, sodium and amino-N, the main factors which determine quality in Germany, as well as the sugar loss were all minimized at about 110,000 plants/ha and they increased at a progressively-greater rate per 1,000 plants/ha as plant density declined. The maximum differences between large and small plant densities were: root yield 13.6%, sugar yield 16.7%, white sugar yield 18.6%, sugar concentration 3.7%, white sugar concentration 5.3%, sugar gain 1.7%, sugar loss 9.3%, potassium concentration 8.4%, sodium concentration 30.5% and amino-N concentration 25.4%. As well as a comparison of the yield and quality criteria, the paper considers competition within the foliage, particularly when different amounts of nitrogen are available, as the main cause for yield differences between sugar beet crops. 相似文献
In trials conducted over 9 years at 1 location plant densities ranged from 35,000 to 110,000 plants/ha. Root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield reached maximum values at 92,700, 94,700 and 96,000 plants/ha, respectively. The decrease in yield per 1,000 plants/ha was greater as the plant density fell. The quality criteria (sugar concentration, white sugar concentration and sugar gain) were at their maxima at 107,000, 104,600 and 100,000 plants/ha, respectively, and they decreased at an almost constant rate as plant density declined. The concentrations of potassium, sodium and amino-N, the main factors which determine quality in Germany, as well as the sugar loss were all minimized at about 110,000 plants/ha and they increased at a progressively-greater rate per 1,000 plants/ha as plant density declined. The maximum differences between large and small plant densities were: root yield 13.6%, sugar yield 16.7%, white sugar yield 18.6%, sugar concentration 3.7%, white sugar concentration 5.3%, sugar gain 1.7%, sugar loss 9.3%, potassium concentration 8.4%, sodium concentration 30.5% and amino-N concentration 25.4%. As well as a comparison of the yield and quality criteria, the paper considers competition within the foliage, particularly when different amounts of nitrogen are available, as the main cause for yield differences between sugar beet crops. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫是抑制甜菜生长发育和影响产量的重要非生物因素。以耐旱型甜菜种质依安一号(V1)和干旱敏感型种质92011/1-6/1(V2)为试验材料,探讨不同耐旱品种甜菜幼苗光合生理对干旱胁迫的响应。研究了干旱胁迫对甜菜幼苗生长发育、总叶绿素含量和表观光合指标的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下2种甜菜幼苗的茎粗、根长、株高、叶鲜重、根鲜重、叶干重和根干重均呈下降趋势,V1下降幅度不明显且各指标降低幅度均小于V2;干旱胁迫降低了2种甜菜幼苗的叶绿素含量,叶绿素含量在第7天降到最低,且V1的含量明显高于V2;干旱胁迫使甜菜幼苗的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度显著下降,V1受到的影响比V2要小。不同耐旱性甜菜品种对干旱胁迫的响应机制存在一定差异,可以进一步分析其抗旱能力,为甜菜的育种、抗逆栽培和稳产提供理论依据。 相似文献
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光合作用是产量形成的物质基础,为筛选出最适宜甜菜产量形成的施磷方式及施磷量,优化甜菜施肥管理,设置3种不同施磷方式(播种前全部基施;播种前基施2/3,叶丛快速生长期追施1/3;播种前基施2/3,块根糖分增长期追施1/3),每种施磷方式下设置5个施磷量(60、90、120、150和180kg/hm2),研究不同施磷方式及施磷量对甜菜光合生理性能及产量的影响。研究结果表明,相同施磷方式下,随施磷量递增,甜菜的叶面积指数(LAI)、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率(Pn)、单株干物质积累量及产量均呈先升高后稳定或降低的变化趋势,当施磷量为150kg/hm2时,各光合指标和产量均达到最大值。相同施磷量条件下,基施2/3、叶丛快速生长期追施1/3磷肥的施磷方式对促进甜菜光合性能和产量形成效果最好。故推荐高产甜菜施磷量为150kg/hm2,分2次施入,播前基施2/3,叶丛快速生长期追施1/3。 相似文献
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为了给糖厂提供解决滤泥的新途径以及综合利用方法,以甜菜品种‘H004’为试验材料,通过对酸性土壤施用相当于酸性土干重的1%、3%、5%的糖厂滤泥,研究甜菜滤泥对酸性土的土壤理化性质、甜菜幼苗各项生长指标、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶以及各种渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:随着施用滤泥比例的增加,土壤pH逐渐升高,土壤有效氮、磷、钾含量逐渐提高。甜菜的株高、叶宽、叶重、茎重均逐渐增加,甜菜植株的叶绿素含量也逐渐增加。随着施加滤泥比例的提高,过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性以及脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、游离氨基酸含量均有不同程度的增加。施用滤泥能够提高酸性土壤pH,增加土壤有效氮、有效磷、有效钾含量。将糖厂滤泥作为土壤改良剂,不仅能够提高土壤肥力,促进甜菜生长,还能解决滤泥资源的污染和浪费问题,充分保护环境,具有极大的经济和生态意义。 相似文献
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甜菜蔗糖代谢两种相关酶的活性变化及其相互关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究不同类型甜菜品种蔗糖代谢能力存在明显差异的生理机制,以糖用甜菜(高糖)和饲用甜菜(丰产)为试验对象,测定了不同生育阶段叶片、叶柄和块根中的蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性。结果表明:叶片、叶柄和块根中存在蔗糖合成与降解过程,不同类型甜菜在生长期蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性存在差别,同一品种不同部位,块根中蔗糖的代谢强度高于叶片和叶柄,糖用甜菜两种酶活性高于饲用甜菜,蔗糖代谢相关酶活性差异是品种特性,可用于甜菜的选种实践。 相似文献