腐胺引发对2个转基因抗虫杂交棉耐盐性的影响

以转基因抗虫杂交种慈抗杂3号和浙杂14为材料,研究了棉花种子不同浓度腐胺引发对于转基因抗虫杂交种在0.5％盐胁迫条件下的发芽、出苗、产量和纤维品质的影响.研究结果,腐胺引发处理可以显著地提高转基因抗虫杂交棉种子在盐胁迫条件下的发芽率、发芽指数和田间出苗率,显著降低平均发芽时间.在含有0.5％盐的沿海滩涂地上,腐胺引发处理后的单株铃数、铃重和衣分无显著差异,但最后的皮棉产量却有显著增加,并可提高纤维的马克隆值和比强度.腐胺处理对非盐胁迫条件下的幼苗体内的SOD活力、POD活力和MDA含量无显著影响,但在盐胁迫条件下可显著或极显著地提高转基因抗虫杂交棉幼苗的体内的SOD与POD活力,显著减少MDA的积累.     

种子沙引发对转基因抗虫棉耐盐性的影响

 以转基因抗虫棉花品种中棉所41和浙905为材料,以其遗传背景品种中棉所23为对照,研究了种子沙引发处理对转基因抗虫棉品种在0%、1.0%和1.5% NaCl浓度下的萌发率、出土率和幼苗生长特性的影响。结果表明,沙引发处理对转基因抗虫棉品种在盐胁迫下的种子萌发和幼苗生长具有明显的效果,但对于非转基因棉品种的效果不明显。幼苗子叶、茎秆和根的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量测定结果表明,沙引发处理使棉花幼苗的子叶和根部维持了较高的SOD与POD活性,但显著减少幼苗体内MDA的积累,说明沙引发有助于促进棉花在逆境下幼苗生长发育和抗逆性的提高。     

The Physiology of Seed Germination in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) Cultivar GG-2. I. Effect of Seed Size

The seeds of groundnut cultivar GG-2 were categorized according to their test weight (100 seed weight) as bold (58.2 g), medium (37.9 g), small (24.9 g), small wrinkled (13.4 g) and control (30.3 g) seed lot. The variation in their size and dimension was also taken into account. The overall germination percentage was high for medium size seeds and was closely followed by bold seeds. The performance of the small and small wrinkled seeds was comparable to that of control. The seed vigour was found to be higher with heavier seeds. Small seeds exhibited equally good performance in response to seed germination and growth of the seedling components. There were no significant differences for the development of hypocotyl, epicotyl and plumule.     

种子盐引发对转基因抗虫棉耐盐性的影响

以2个转基因抗虫陆地棉品种为材料,以其遗传背景品种为对照,研究种子引发对转基因抗虫棉在NaCl胁迫条件下的种子萌发和田间出苗的影响。结果表明,0.5%的NaCl处理显著地降低陆地棉种子发芽势和发芽率,其中转基因抗虫棉品种(中棉所41和浙905)的种子萌发和田间出苗率差于遗传背景亲本(中棉所23)。种子盐引发处理可以有效地缓解NaCl的胁迫作用,显著地提高种子的发芽势、发芽率和田间出苗率,显著地提高棉花种子的耐盐性。种子盐引发处理对转基因抗虫棉品种的效果优于非转基因抗虫棉的背景品种。引发剂种类对于其耐盐性的影响有一定的差异,以K2SO4的效果更好,且引发剂的浓度与引发时间之间存在着一定的互作效应,高浓度引发剂的处理时间宜短,而低浓度引发剂的处理时间应适当延长。     

披碱草种子发芽特性及其活力提高的研究

披碱草种子受产地，收获期等因素影响，种子质量相差甚远，本文探索了不同品种披碱草种子在不同温度中的萌发表现。根据青藏高原的气候条件，重点测试了各品种对冷害、盐害的抗逆力，并研制了提高种子活力的催芽剂。实验证明催芽剂能使披碱草种子提早萌发，并提高种苗的生长势及抗逆能力，尤其是在偏低温及盐害逆境中，效果更为显著。为披碱草种子在青藏高原加速出苗和幼苗的快速生长，探索了一条有效途径。     

欧洲大黄种子发芽特性研究

调查了5个欧洲大黄品种种子在蛭石、滤纸和MS培养基3种基质（处理）上的发芽特性，探讨了不同品种种子发芽特性的差异。结果表明：种子在滤纸上表现出良好的发芽特性，但不同品种间种子萌发出现较大差异，其中Guardsman品种发芽率最高，可达80％，且发芽迅速出苗整齐；而Earlycherry等品种的发芽率较低，都在50％以下，且发芽缓慢出苗不整齐。     

60Co辐照对澳洲坚果种子萌发与幼苗形态的影响

澳洲坚果品种‘云澳57号’、‘云澳51号’、‘云澳41号’、‘云澳58号’的种子以剂量率为10 Gy/h的60Co-γ射线进行辐照处理,剂量分别为40 Gy、120 Gy和200 Gy。结果表明：60Co-γ射线辐照对澳洲坚果种子萌发有抑制作用,且不同品种对辐照剂量的敏感性不同;较低剂量（40Gy）的60Co-γ射线辐照会显著提高品种‘云澳41号’的萌发率,而品种‘云澳57号’则对所有剂量的辐照均不敏感;随着60Co-γ射线辐照剂量的增加,4个澳洲坚果品种的幼苗真叶长度、宽度和叶面积呈显著降低趋势;且60Co-γ射线辐照会使幼苗茎干变短、茎围增粗,其变化幅度因品种而异。     

分葱对黄瓜、萝卜和白菜的化感作用

以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）,萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）和白菜（Brassica chinensis L.）3种蔬菜作物为受体,通过种子萌发试验及幼苗生长试验,对分葱（Allium fistulosum L.var.caespitosum Makino）根系及其地上部水浸液的化感作用进行了初步研究。结果表明：分葱根系和地上部水浸液对黄瓜、萝卜和白菜具有一定的化感作用。对黄瓜和萝卜的萌发有一定的抑制作用,而对其幼苗生长有一定的促进作用;对白菜的萌发表现为低浓度促进高浓度抑制,而对其幼苗生长有一定的抑制作用。因此,在蔬菜栽培制度中,分葱可与黄瓜和萝卜进行合理的轮作与间套作;但可能不适宜与白菜进行轮作或间套作。     

Effect of Sodium Chloride on Germination and Seedling Characters of Different Types of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The rice eultivars grown in the tropies and sub-tropics can be broadly categorized as aromatic small grain, local coarse grain and modern high yielding varieties (HYV). The first two categories are traditional rice, and are generally palatable. The aromatic rice has better market value than HYV rice, yet farmers are unwilling to expand its cultivation because of the low yield potential. One possibility to expand the cultivation of traditional rice is o t find stress tolerant cultivars for growing in marginal land. The salinity tolerance of nine rice cultivars representing three from each type of aromatic small grains, local coarse grains and HYV types, was analysed at germination and early seedling stage. Seeds were placed for germination and the seedlings were allowed to grow for nine days at NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM. NaCl decreased the germination index (GI), speed of germination, seedling height and seedling dry matter weight. Seedling characteristics were decreased more than GI. In general aromatic small grain type showed more salt sensitivity than the other two types. Among the nine cultivars Shakkorkhora (aromatic type) showed the least salt tolerance in relation to germination and seedling characters while the other two cultivars of the same group showed tolerance as high as the tolerant cultivars in other types. Generalization of group salt tolerance of rice, therefore, has little value from the agronomic point of view at least at early growth stage. As the number of cultivars employed in this study was only three from each type it is suggested that more cultivars be considered for the purpose of salt tolerant improvement programme of various types of rice.     

Screening for Drought Tolerance: Evaluation of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth for Drought Resistance in Legume Plants

Experiments were performed to evaluate seed germination and seedling growth in simulated drought as screening techniques for drought tolerance raring. Several laboratory screening tests were evaluated for ability to estimate drought resistance in 18 cultivars of legume plants (field bean, soybean, field pea, lupine). Drought was simulated by a water solution of mannitol of chemical water potential ψ= -0.3 and -0.6 MPa. Both solutions significantly affected seed germination (final germination and promptness index) and seedling growth parameters (seedling height, dry matter of shoot and root as well as leaf injury by drought and high temperature). The tested cultivars could be grouped as drought resistant and drought susceptible plants. Drought tolerance ratings of legume plants in the laboratory tests were, on the whole, consistent with the ratings based on estimation of direct effects of soil drought on seed yield in field experiments. Measurements of electroconductivity of leaf diffusate to evaluate invisible injury caused by drought or high temperature were found to be an adequate criterion for drought tolerance rating. It is concluded that tolerance to drought stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using mannitol containing nutrient solution. According to the results collected in this research, varieties differences in seed germination, seedling growth and leaf injury affected by drought or heat temperature were evident, however, not all treatments appeared to be equally useful for screening of legume species cultivars.     

不同颜色小麦籽粒的发芽特性和生理特征的研究

用３个不同籽粒颜色的小麦品种进行发芽特性的研究。结果表明，红皮小麦品种的发芽率和发芽指数低于白皮小麦品种，不同颜色籽粒的吸水速率没有明显差异，呼吸强度、电导率和α淀粉酶活性随色级的增加面降低。３个小麦品种的淀粉同工酶有８条共显带，而扬麦５号有一特殊的小分子酶带。ＧＡ３处理可明显提高发芽速度、显著增加ＰＰ紫色和扬麦５号的苗高和芽鞘长度。     

光照、温度和盐胁迫对红花大金元种子萌发的影响

从光照、温度、NaCl胁迫等方面对红花大金元种子萌发特性进行了探讨.结果表明:光照对红花大金元种子萌发有显著促进作用;种子萌发的适宜温度为25～30℃,以25℃的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数最高且萌发后的幼苗生长良好;NaCl胁迫对红花大金元种子萌发和幼苗生长均有抑制作用:随NaCl浓度升高,种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗生长量均下降,发芽的高峰期推迟且峰值变小,相对盐害率升高;浓度大于0.20 mol/L时对种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用明显,浓度达到0.50mol/L时种子不再发芽,但低浓度(0.01 mol/L和0.05mol/L)下种子发芽势、发芽率与对照差异不显著.     

碱化橄榄油加工废弃液对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过研究橄榄油加工废弃液对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为橄榄油废弃物利用以及农田环境保护提供参考。将橄榄油加工废弃液（10%~60%）用0.10% Na₂CO₃碱化处理,考察其对玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长以及生理生化特性的影响。30%碱化废弃液能显著促进玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长,随废弃液浓度升高,种子萌发率显著降低,幼苗生长和生物量受阻,幼苗整齐度降低,叶片O₂ ^-·产生速率先升高后降低,H₂O₂、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶     

不同植物生长调节剂对金荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以不同浓度的GA3、6-BA和IAA浸种24 h,通过比较浸种后种子萌发以及幼苗生长各项指标来研究植物生长调节剂浸种对金荞麦种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,在本试验处理浓度范围内,150 mg/L的GA3浸种后种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、平均鲜重、平均株高、平均根长、叶绿素含量、POD活力分别提高37.7％、39.6％、68.3％、75.6％、17.7％、20.5％、18.7％、68％.而用0.1 mg/L 6-BA和25 mg/L IAA浸种后各项指标与对照相比均显著增加.3种植物生长调节剂综合比较表明,150 mg/L的GA3对金荞麦种子萌发和幼苗生长作用效果最为理想.     

Evaluation of seedling selection for salinity tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Summary Salt-tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was selected on the basis of germination and survival of seed sown in trays of perlite suspended in either 75 or 150 mM NaCl. Salinity reduced the germination of seed. Genetic differences in salt-tolerance were apparent with salt reducing germination more in seed collected from cv. Cara than in that collected from cv. Maris Piper. Progeny from the seedling selection were then grown to maturity to produce tubers.The relative tolerance of the parental cultivars and of unselected and selected progeny to long-term exposure to salinity was examined in a pot experiment in which plants were irrigated with either fresh water or 50 mM NaCl solution from one week after plant emergence. In this experiment, salinity significantly reduced leaf conductance, total dry matter production and partitioning of assimilate to tubers. Salinity reduced dry matter production and assimilate partitioning to tubers to a greater extent in Cara than in M. Piper. Progeny selected for short-term salt-tolerance did not exhibit greater long-term salt-tolerance than unselected progeny, and both were more sensitive than M. Piper.These results demonstrate genetic variation in salt-tolerance in potato. However, although there was a correlation between the performance of the parent to long-term salinity and survival of progeny in the seedling selection, there was no correlation between short- and long-term salt-tolerance. This suggests that characters underlying short-term tolerance may contribute to long-term tolerance but do not of themselves confer long-term tolerance. Future progress in selecting for improved salt-tolerance depends on understanding the effects of salinity on the physiological processes underlying growth and carbon partitioning.     

草地早熟禾对多年生黑麦草种苗化感影响的研究

以草地早熟禾8个品种为供体,按照培养皿生物检测方法,研究其浓度为10%的茎液浸提液对多年生黑麦草两个品种的种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明,草地早熟禾茎叶浸提液对多年生黑麦草的发芽率、根长、苗长及幼苗鲜重等均存在化感作用的潜势,其中肯塔基对多年生黑麦草的化感抑制最强,普拉蒂尼对荣誉种子萌发、公园对荣誉的幼苗生长的化感抑制也较明显。     

Varietal Differences of Wheat and Triticale to Water Stress

Six wheat ( Triticurn aestivum L.) and ten triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars were screened for water stress tolerance during germination and seedling stages in the laboratory and growth chamber, respectively. Germinating seeds and hydroponically-grown seedlings were subjected to osmotic stresses of –0.3 and –0.6 MPa using polyethylene glycol M. W. 8000. Both species and cultivar differences were found among the tested genotypes for all the parameters analyzed in both germination and seedling tests. Germination stress index was lower for seed exposed to -0.6 MPa than for -0.3 MPa osmotic stress. A significant relationship was found among plant height, fresh weight and dry weight stress indices evaluated during the seedling test. The cultivars that grew taller under stress conditions had greater dry matter accumulation, as well as higher germination and water uptake stress indices indicating the reliability of height to predict cultivar performance under such conditions. The cultivars Stacy (wheat) and Eu 14/15 (triticale) had higher dry matter accumulation, higher water uptake and leaf water potential, greater height and better germination under stress conditions than the other cultivars tested. Conversely, the cultivars GA 781014 (wheat) and Am 4147 (triticale) performed poorly with respect to all the parameters analyzed. Based on results from germination and seedling tests, the cultivars Stacy and Eu 14/15 were selected for more stress studies in the greenhouse and field.     

蓝莓人工杂交及幼苗培育技术研究

为了通过有性杂交、实生选种等方法对蓝莓进行遗传改良与种质创新,以获取蓝莓栽培品种杂交果实,提高蓝莓实生育苗效率,选取Chippewa、Bluecrop、Darrow、Northland、Duke和Powderblue 6种不同蓝莓栽培品种作为亲本,进行人工杂交授粉试验,并对杂交得到的种子进行幼苗培育。结果表明：低温干燥有利于蓝莓花粉的贮藏及活力保存;不同倍性蓝莓品种间存在杂交不亲和现象;杂交果实成熟后其横纵径和单果重存在差异;杂交授粉产生的种子出苗率为4%,使用赤霉素(GA3)能显著提高出苗率,并总结出蓝莓人工杂交与幼苗培育的方法。     

重金属铅胁迫对绿豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制效应

为初步探明重金属对作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制效应,以不同浓度(10.0、20.0、50.0、100.0、200.0 mg·kg-1)重金属铅溶液培养绿豆种子(蒸馏水培养作对照),观察其对绿豆种子萌发、幼苗生长和种子活力的影响。结果表明,受试绿豆种子的发芽率、发芽势以及根长、芽长和幼苗鲜重等指标均随铅离子(Pb 2+)浓度增加而降低;种子活力和绿豆幼苗根冠比(R/S)也随铅离子浓度增高而显著降低。综合分析绿豆幼苗生长对铅胁迫的响应水平,结果显示,重金属铅胁迫对绿豆幼苗根长的抑制作用要强于对芽生长的影响。     

莼菜种子内源抑制物质生理活性的研究

采用蒸馏水、甲醇和丙酮3种溶剂浸提莼菜种子,研究其浸提液对小白菜种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:3种溶剂浸提莼菜种子内源抑制物质的活性不同,以蒸馏水浸提液的抑制物质活性最强,甲醇浸提液和丙酮浸提液的抑制活性较弱;蒸馏水浸提液对小白菜种子的抑制作用随浸提液浓度的增加而增强;采用45℃温水浸泡莼菜种子可有效去除部分内源抑制物质.