Evaluation and Analysis of Bacteria Pollution in Dwelling Indoor Air

Tests and study were carried out on indoor air bacteria pollution in dwelling house inChongqing city. Based on the data of measured bacteria concentration of the indoor air,the reasons for indoor air pollution were analyzed. Ith was found that the bacteria seriously polluted the indoor air. The main factors influencing the indoor air bacteria pollution are moisture, natural ventilation and lighting conditions. The construction forms and decoration of the dwelling house are the secondary reasons for indoor air bacteria pollution. Measures and suggestions of preventing the indoor air bacteria pollution and improving the indoor air quality and environmental quality were presented.     

Research on Indoor CO2 Density in Chongqing Commercial Buildings

The density of indoor CO 2 is an important value for newly_built commercial buildings. It affects comercial buildings in two aspects, one is the indoor air_quality, the other is the consumption of energy. The aim of design is to keep good indoor air_quality and using little ventilation. The authors measure a typical department store and analyze the measurement. The conclusion as well as the opinion is given, which argues for improving the efficiency of new_wind.     

Research on the Impact of Green Roof on Indoor Human Thermal Comfort

An experiment is conducted on the impact of green roof on Indoor Human Thermal Comfort. The result shows that the temperatures of the building walls and indoor air fall for certain degrees, and that is good. But unfortunately, the relative humidity of the indoor air rises. Totally speaking, the whole effect is changed from feeling warm to basically acceptable. When the requirement of the indoor environment is high, it is impossible to be satisfied by exploiting green roof solely, other methods, such as using night ventilation, electric fans or air-conditioners, should be taken at the same time.     

Ventilation regulating methods adapting by climate for residential housing

To study the climatic control strategies of the residential building indoor acceptable thermal environment, firstly, based on adaptive model, integrated indoor activities, clothes and spot investigation on air velocity of residential building, this paper calculates an acceptable temperature range. Secondly, through state-space techniques, common passive regulating technologies in residential building have been simulated, including different ventilation rates and divided-period setting ventilation effect on indoor temperature. Meanwhile, monthly regulating methods for ventilation have been proposed. Thirdly, through ventilation technology, effective regulating zone of outdoor climate parameters have been analyzed, which is combined with hythergraph of outdoor temperature, humidity, solar radiation and air velocity. Taking the characteristics of the human thermal comfort adaptability into consideration, the energy-saving potential of the study results is also analyzed.     

A Theoretical Study on Thermal Dynamics Model and the Dehumidification Capacity of Hybrid Desiccant Cooling System with Condensation Heat Recovery

The structure and energy conservation characteristics of hybrid desiccant cooling system with condensation heat recovery are introduced briefly. Based on the first and second law of thermodynamics, a system thermodynamic model is established and the solution process given in a diagram. The dehumidification capacity is calculated under different exergy efficiency and indoor sensible heat conditions. The calculation results show that the desiccant wheel barely can compensate for the humidity load of outdoor air under with a ventilation rate of providing fresh air once per hour; when the fresh air rate of ventilation is limited to 0.5 times per hour, however, the desiccant wheel possess sufficient capacity under relatively large wheel exergy efficiency and high sensible heat load.     

Analyses of Annual Running Conditions for Ventilation System in Residences in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions

Based on the definitions of air conditioning period, dehumidifying period and heating period, this paper puts forward the exchanging conditions and psychrometric process of ventilation system in residences. Because of the remarkable humid climate in hot summer and cold winter regions, the ventilation dehumidification becomes a more important part of the air treatment system. In order to improve the indoor thermal environment quality, new strategies must be founded to control both temperature and humidity of ventilation system.     

A SYSTBM OF SAVING VENTILATION ENERGY POR MULTI_STORIED HEALTNY BUILDINGS

A sving energy system can get natural ventilation in the storied healthy build-ings with air condition or heating. The principal component of this system is an efficient heat ex-changer made of a set of heat pipes. This system can be operated between two sides of one floor slabto change the energy carried both by the hot air flow and the cold air flow, This svstem can make aspossibly keeping indoor air fresh with a little energy air loss only. It is possible for using this systemto cure a sick building into a healthy building. This system can be put dperation between both thepipes of waste air flow and fresh air flow for an integrated air conditional svstem with fresh air.     

Operational Parameters of Hybrid Radiant Cooling Floor and Displacement Ventilation Air Conditioning System

The simulation model of hybrid radiant cooling floor and displacement ventilation air conditioning system was built and analyzed by software EnergyPlus. By comparing the simulation results and experimental data, it is shown that the simulated indoor air temperature and cooling capacity provided by radiant floor was ±7% deviated from the experimental data. Based on the model, with the change of supply air parameters or supply water parameters, the cooling capacity provided by radiant floor and displacement ventilation, surface temperature of radiant floor, indoor air average temperature, AUST temperature were obtained. Combined with the indoor thermal comfort model, when indoor thermal comfort index PMV varied between -0.5 and 0.5, the recommended supply air and supply water parameters were obtained to provide reference for engineering design and application.     

一株耐铅细菌的筛选及其生物学特性的研究

[目的]针对山西省重金属铅污染的问题,开展耐铅菌株的筛选工作,以期为微生物修复土壤提供理想菌株。[方法]采用选择性培养基从重金属污染的新鲜土中筛选耐铅菌株,经生理生化分析及16SrDNA基因扩增测序对其进行初步鉴定。[结果]最终筛选出一株高耐铅菌株GDYX03,鉴定为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)。该菌株最佳培养条件：接种量为10%,通气量选择10 mL装液量,温度为30 ℃,pH值为6。菌株GDYX03的最大耐铅浓度达2000 mg/L,在含铅水溶液中对铅吸附率高达98.88 %,吸附量达19.78 mg/g。[结论]该实验筛选出的高耐铅菌株对铅具有较高的吸附效果,可用于重金属污染土壤的微生物修复。     

A Solution of Contradiction of Building EnergyEfficiency with Indoor Air Quality

This paper is attempted to solve the problem of contradiction of building energy efficiency with indoor air quality.Quadrangle has the character of improving indoor air quality,since it always refreshes air intelligently.The courtyard has a long air column covering over the courtyard and the insulation of such a thick air layer can resist heat loss.As oxygen from outer space enters the courtyard,the energy can be recovered by oxygen.So,the contradiction of building energy efficiency with indoor air quality can be solved.The indoor air quality can be improved by the quadrangle combined with solar houses.     

The Influence of Air Inlet on Ventilation Effect in Indoor SubstationTransformer Rooms

Ventilation design is the difficulty of transformer room design. Temperature field and velocity field in a transformer room was simulated by CFD method . By comparing simulation value with the experimental value in related document , the effectiveness of the mathematical model was verified. Based on it, an indoor substation transformer built was taken as the simulation object, then designed and simulated six kinds of ventilation condition by changing the location and area of air inlet, focused on the influence of air inlet on the ventilation effect by comparing the temperature field ,velocity field and temperature characteristic value in different condition. The simulation results show that when air inlet area is fixed, the air inlet should be arranged in the radiator side and its center height should be controlled in the radiator center height or slightly offset position, it should not be higher than the radiator. When the air inlet location is fixed, air inlet area should be increased along the high direction to improve ventilation effect. The conclusions can provide technical support for the ventilation design of transformer room.     

Effect of Moisture on Indoor Thermal Environment

In the past, the temperature was used as the sole quota to control the indoor thermal environment in hot summer and cold winter areas of China, but a major quota, the relative air moisture, was often ignored. In this paper, the effect of relative air moisture on indoor thermal environment is analyzed. The results show that the energy consumption can be reduced and comfortable thermal environment can be provided under natural condition by regulating the indoor moisture.     

Relationship between Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter Concentrations in a Residential Building in Winter of Shanghai

In this study, the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in a residential building in Shanghai were measured under minimum ventilation rate (external doors and windows closed), and the relationship between the indoor and outdoor PM concentrations (I/O ratio) and the influence of temperature and relative humidity were analyzed as well. Results showed that, the percentages of the concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5) of the indoor and outdoor air were 65% and 87% of the inhalable particulate(PM10)concentration during the test respectively. The I/O ratio was less than 1 without significant indoor sources. Meanwhile, the figure decreased as the size of particles decreased. Results also indicated that, the correlation between indoor and outdoor PM concentrations, PM1 and PM2.5 were more obvious than PM10, and the correlations showed obvious differences according to the weather conditions.The PM concentration was influenced by temperature and relative humidity, which was presented to be complex when affected by weather conditions.     

活性炭和植物吸收对室内空气甲醛净化的影响

城市住宅的室内空气污染十分严重,甲醛已经成为中国目前室内空气中的首要污染物。本实验以绿萝、常春藤与活性炭为研究对象,采用密闭箱法进行了净化甲醛能力的研究。实验结果表明,绿萝、常春藤与活性炭均对室内甲醛有良好的净化作用,24 h后的甲醛净化能力大小依次为：常春藤＋活性炭（甲醛去除率38.27%）＞常春藤（34.31%）＞绿萝＋活性炭（32.20%）＞绿萝（5.61%）＞活性炭（3.73%）;10天后的净化效果排序为：常春藤＋活性炭（69.91%）＞绿萝＋活性炭（64.28%）＞常春藤（60.44%）＞活性炭（57.50%）＞绿萝（24.99%）。植物与活性炭联合作用对甲醛净化效果比单一用植物或活性炭效果好,而且长期作用比短期作用效果好。     

Design of Rural Residence Based on Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of Chengdu Area

With the improvement of living standards, peasants have attached increasing attention to quality of living environment, indoor thermal comfort of rural residence has become a functional need of new countryside residence. Chengdu is a foggy area with shorter sunshine hours, humid air, more foggy but fewer windy days, so local residence is likely to be muggy, which influences comfort of residents seriously. According to relevant researches, most rural residences in Chengdu use only natural ventilation, and the indoor thermal comfort is poor. In view of this, this paper tried to improve indoor thermal comfort and quality of living environment from the perspective of residence functional design.     

Reducing the Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Buildings

Abstract:This research aims at proposing measures to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings in the city of Guiyang. A computer simulation study was conducted on the basis of a building model using the DeST software package. The indoor temperature and year round heating and cooling loads were simulated. From analysis of the simulation results and taking into account the climate of Guiyang, three measures for energy efficient buildings in Guiyang are proposed. 1) Heating is a greater priority than cooling in comfortable air conditioning system design; 2) Natural ventilation should be given priority in cooling design and adjustment during seasonal transition is important to reducing energy consumption in building cooling; 3) Insulating the building envelope and lowering the glazing ratio of walls are critical for reducing energy consumption in heating buildings. Our conclusions will be useful for guiding energy efficient building design not only in Guiyang but also in mild climatic areas of P. R. China.     

拟除虫菊酯类农药微生物修复回顾与展望

拟除虫菊酯类农药为3大类农药之一,其残留给生物和环境带来了巨大的危害,而微生物修复技术因其高效、绿色的特点已成为解决农药污染的重要技术。本文综述了拟除虫菊酯农药微生物修复的研究进展,客观地分析了微生物修复的优缺点。此外,还讨论了苏云金杆菌在农药残留的微生物修复领域的研究现状,并针对性地提出了一些研究思路。     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对黄瓜白粉病的毒力与防效及对黄瓜的安全性评价

为探讨微生物杀菌剂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对黄瓜白粉病的防治作用。试验采用5个黄瓜品种：‘中农26’、‘金胚98’、‘长春密刺’、‘津玉168’、‘雪白黄瓜’。采用盆栽法测定贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对‘中农26’黄瓜白粉病菌的室内毒力,通过田间药效试验在山东、四川分别测定贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对‘津玉168’、‘雪白黄瓜’黄瓜白粉病的防治效果,并采用盆栽法测定贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对‘中农26’、‘金胚98’、‘长春密刺’黄瓜植株的安全性。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对‘中农26’黄瓜白粉病菌的EC₅₀值为0.267亿孢子/mL,室内活性较强;山东、四川两地贝莱斯芽孢杆菌防治‘津玉168’、‘雪白黄瓜’黄瓜白粉病2次药后14 d防效为62.08%～75.58%,与对照药剂相比防效更好;200亿孢子/g贝莱斯芽孢杆菌可溶粒剂3000、6000、12000 g a.i./hm²对‘中农26’、‘金胚98’、‘长春密刺’黄瓜生长抑制率均无显著性差异,安全。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对黄瓜白粉病有较好的室内活性与田间防治效果,对黄瓜植株相对安全,可以推广使用。     

不同气体贮藏条件对寒富苹果采后果实品质的影响

将寒富苹果分别置于10组不同比例O2和CO2的气调装置中（对照是流动的空气）,在0℃条件下贮藏60d．研究不同气调参数对贮藏期间果实品质及褐变的影响。结果表明,气调贮藏果实的硬度虽然保持较好,但是都不同程度地产生了CO2伤害,当环境中的CO2浓度〉1％时,果实NCO2伤害而产生褐变。VC含量减少,电导率上升。总体品质下降,然而对照果实始终未发生褐变的现象。说明寒富苹果是不耐CO2气体的苹果品种,贮藏期出现的果实褐变是由CO2伤害造成的。因此,寒富苹果在贮藏时．应及时通风换气．如在贮藏中采用塑料袋包装,应避免扎口,防止果实产生CO2伤害。     

Numerical Simulation of Natural Ventilation and Thermal Environment in Industrial Plant with Heat Source

Numerical simulation of typical industrial plant was conducted by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The influences of distances between fresh air inlet and ground on thermal environment and distribution of pollutant concentration in working zone were discussed when the heat source intensity and pollutant source were fixed. The main features of industrial plant with heat source were analyzed. The air velocity in working zone and the radiation between the wall surfaces should be considered for comprehensive evaluation of the thermal environment of industrial plant. Heat stress index, HSI, was introduced as thermal index to evaluate the thermal environment. Results showed that lifted fresh air inlet was not only helpful to increase the ventilation rate and the air velocity which improve the thermal environment in working zone, but also to decrease the mean pollutant emission concentration in the plant. When the distances between fresh air inlet and ground increased, the ventilation rate and the air velocity in working zone increased and the HIS and pollutant concentration decreased. When the distances between fresh air inlet and ground exceeded 1.2 m, the ventilation rate and the air velocity in working zone tended to be constant.