长江流域麦（油）后直播棉增效缩节胺化学封顶技术研究

【目的】明确长江流域麦(油)后直播棉应用增效缩节胺(25%DPC水剂,简称DPC+)进行化学封顶的可行性。【方法】于2015―2017年在江苏大丰、安徽宿松和湖北武汉开展田间试验,采用随机区组设计,以人工打顶为对照,研究化学封顶时期(人工打顶同期、人工打顶后5 d)和封顶剂DPC+剂量(750,1 125,1 500 m L·hm~(-2))对麦(油)后直播棉农艺性状及经济性状的影响。【结果】与人工打顶相比,DPC+化学封顶处理的株高和果枝数增加(最多分别增加21.6 cm和4.8个),中部和上部果枝(尤其是上部果枝)缩短,除个别点次外果节数不受影响。在不同环境条件下,化学封顶处理的产量多与人工打顶相当,低剂量DPC+处理的产量在降水量大的年份有一定程度下降,化学封顶时期对产量影响较小。【结论】应用DPC+对长江流域麦(油)后直播棉进行化学封顶有较好的可行性,未来需进一步优化技术参数、建立稳发稳长的配套栽培技术体系。     

不同棉区棉花DPC化学封顶技术研究

【目的】探讨应用98%甲哌鎓(1, 1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC)粉剂(以下简称DPC)对棉花进行化学封顶的稳定性和普适性。【方法】于2018年在黄河流域棉区的河北河间、河北邯郸、山东德州、山东无棣,长江流域棉区的江苏大丰和湖北黄冈,北疆棉区的石河子Ⅰ和Ⅱ以及南疆棉区的轮台、沙雅共10个地点开展试验,供试棉花品种(系)为当地主栽品种(系)。采用随机区组设计,重复3～4次。在各地常规DPC系统化控技术的基础上,设早于人工打顶10 d(T1)、与人工打顶同期(T2)2个封顶时期,并设0、90、180、270 g·hm~(-2)4个DPC剂量,以人工打顶为第一对照,以不打顶为第二对照。【结果】DPC化学封顶时期显著影响株高(河北邯郸、山东无棣和山东德州除外)和果枝数(江苏大丰和湖北黄冈除外),表现为封顶早、控长作用强(植株较低,果枝数较少),封顶晚、控长作用弱(植株较高,果枝数较多)。河北河间和新疆石河子Ⅰ试验点T1期DPC化学封顶的平均株高不仅低于T2期,且分别较人工打顶低3.3 cm和4.6 cm。多数试验点T1期DPC化学封顶的果枝数较人工打顶每株增加2个左右,T2期增加较多,增加2.3～7.7。DPC封顶剂量越大,对株高的控长作用越强(湖北黄冈除外),中(180 g·hm~(-2))、高剂量(270 g·hm~(-2))DPC的株高在数个试验点甚至较人工打顶有不同程度的降低。清水对照的果枝数较人工打顶每株增加2.4～8.3,DPC化学封顶的果枝数显著少于清水对照,不同剂量之间的差异相对较小。河北邯郸T2期DPC化学封顶后遇高温干旱,与人工打顶相比铃数减少、产量显著降低;其他试验点DPC化学封顶除个别处理外对产量无显著影响。DPC化学封顶各处理喷施脱叶催熟剂前的吐絮率和一次花率不低于人工打顶,对熟期无不利影响。【结论】初步判断棉花应用DPC进行化学封顶具有较好的稳定性和普适性,生产中建议与人工打顶同期应用中、低剂量(90～180 g·hm~(-2))DPC进行化学封顶。     

不同播期与打顶时间对麦(油)后直播短季棉产量及纤维品质的影响

【目的】探索播期与打顶时间对麦(油)后直播短季棉产量、产量特性及纤维品质的影响。【方法】以中棉所50为材料,采用裂区设计,研究不同播期(月-日)(S_1,05-25;S_2,06-10)和打顶时间(月-日)(T_1,07-30;T_2,08-07;T_3,08-15)对长江流域下游植棉区麦(油)后直播短季棉产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】播期间,皮棉产量和霜前花率及铃数、铃重和衣分均以S_2条件下较低;果枝数和果节数以S_2条件下较低而成铃率以S_1较低。打顶时间间,皮棉产量和霜前花率随打顶时间推迟而降低;果枝数、果节数及节枝比随打顶时间推迟增加而成铃率降低。互作显示,皮棉产量与霜前花率均以S_1T_1处理较高;果枝数和果节数以S_1T_1、S_1T_2和S_1T_3处理较高,成铃率以S_2T_1和S_1T_1较高。相关性分析表明,皮棉产量与果枝数、果节数、铃数显著正相关,但与节枝比、成铃率相关不显著。此外,播期间,以S_2条件下棉株下部和中部果枝成铃分布比例较高而上部较低;打顶时间间,下部和中部果枝成铃分布比例随打顶时间推迟降低而上部增加。就棉铃纤维品质而言,S_1T_1处理不同果枝部位棉铃的纤维长度、纤维比强度和中部马克隆值均较优。【结论】长江流域下游植棉区,麦(油)后直播短季棉于5月25日播种、7月底打顶有利于其高产、稳产和优质。     

北疆植棉区滴灌量对化学打顶棉花植株农艺性状及产量的影响

【目的】探索滴灌量变化对化学打顶棉花农艺性状及产量的影响,为棉花化学打顶技术的应用提供依据。【方法】2016年,田间自然条件下,以人工打顶作为对照,选用氟节胺复配型和缩节胺复配型两种打顶剂,分别设3种不同滴灌量,通过测定不同处理棉花农艺性状、机采前脱叶效果及产量变化,分析不同滴灌量条件下棉花化学打顶株型变化及产量效应。【结果】打顶处理与滴灌量处理对棉花株高及果枝长有显著的互作效应,其中化学打顶×中滴灌量组合较化学打顶×高滴灌量组合株高平均降低6%,果枝长平均变短12%,产量差异不大;而较化学打顶×低滴灌量组合株高增加13%,果枝长平均增加14%,籽棉产量却增加7%。化学打顶与人工打顶之间脱叶率及杂叶率无显著差异,而较低的滴灌量可以加快化学打顶棉花的脱叶进程。与人工打顶相比,化学打顶虽显著降低了上部果枝铃重,但对衣分及产量无显著影响。【结论】喷施打顶剂后的2次灌水控制在中滴灌量(32 m3·667 m~(-2)),不仅可以调节化学打顶棉花的株型和脱叶进程,还可以在不降低籽棉产量的同时减少滴灌量,生产上具有一定的应用价值。     

灌水量对北疆棉花增效缩节胺化学封顶效应的影响

【目的】在不同灌水量条件下研究增效缩节胺(1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride,缓释型水乳剂,简称DPC+)对棉花化学封顶的效应,为完善新疆棉花化学封顶技术提供依据。【方法】以早熟陆地棉品种新陆早53号为材料,设置不同的灌水量(3000,4800,6600 m3·hm~(-2))和DPC+剂量(450,750,1050 m L·hm~(-2)),测定棉花农艺性状、生理特性及产量和品质等指标。【结果】棉花株高和单株果枝数随DPC+剂量的增加而下降,低(450m L·hm~(-2))、中(750 m L·hm~(-2))、高剂量(1050 m L·hm~(-2))DPC+处理的株高和单株果枝分别比人工打顶增加9.4cm和4.8个,6.2 cm和3.9个,2.2 cm和2.6个。中等灌水量(4800 m3·hm~(-2))下棉花产量最高,比低灌水量(3000m3·hm~(-2))处理增产20%左右,比高灌水量(6600 m3·hm~(-2))处理增产5%左右。低、中、高灌水量下,分别以低、中、高剂量DPC+的产量最高,一般较人工打顶提高5%~10%。低灌水量下低剂量DPC+处理主要依靠较大的群体生物量获得相对较高的产量,高灌水量下高剂量DPC+处理主要依靠较高的产量器官干物质分配率获得相对较高的产量,而中等灌水量下中等剂量DPC+处理的产量在所有处理中最高,得益于比较适宜的冠层生产能力和合理的干物质分配能力。【结论】灌水量需要与DPC+剂量互相配合,在增加群体物质生产能力的同时保障营养生长和生殖生长协调,这是提高棉花DPC+化学封顶技术成功率的关键途径之一。     

喷施氟节胺对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响研究

通过小区试验探究喷施氟节胺对棉花农艺性状及其产量的影响,为研究区开展化学打顶技术提供科学依据。以主栽棉花品种新陆早42号为供试材料,设置3个处理,测定了棉花生育期的农艺性状及产量,对氟节胺化学打顶技术进行了综合的技术评价,结果表明:化学打顶棉花株高显著高于人工打顶,但显著低于不打顶处理(P0.05);主茎平均节间长度与人工打顶处理差异不显著,但打顶后显著降低了棉株的主茎节数,且化学打顶显著高于人工打顶(P0.05);化学打顶后植株果枝数比人工打顶提高59.9%,棉花上部果枝结铃数及内围铃数略高于人工打顶,但铃重显著高于人工打顶(P0.05),籽棉产量和皮棉产量与人工打顶处理相比没有差异。     

种植密度和缩节胺调控对麦后直播棉产量和冠层特征的影响

2013―2014年以早熟棉(中棉所50)为材料,采用裂区设计,在江苏省南京市研究了种植密度(7.50万、9.75万和12.00万株·hm~(-2))和缩节胺(DPC)调控(0,52.5和105.0 g·hm~(-2))对麦后直播棉产量和冠层特征的影响。结果表明:皮棉产量在不同种植密度下以12.00万株·hm~(-2)处理最低,在不同DPC用量水平下以0 g·hm~(-2)处理最低;种植密度与DPC调控存在互作效应,以种植密度9.75万株·hm~(-2)、DPC用量52.5~105 g·hm~(-2)处理产量较高,且产量构成中以铃数对产量的直接效应最大。对冠层特征影响表明,下部果枝夹角和长度随种植密度增加而降低,而中、上部果枝的夹角和长度、叶面积指数均以种植密度9.75万株·hm~(-2)处理较高;不同部位果枝夹角和长度、叶面积指数均随DPC用量增加而降低,而透光率则相反。相关分析表明,下部果枝夹角大、中部果枝较长及上部果枝夹角小且叶面积指数和透光率较高,有利于提高产量和霜前花率。综上,该棉区麦后直播棉种植密度9.75万株·hm~(-2)、DPC用量52.5~105 g·hm~(-2)(蕾期、开花期和打顶后用量比例为1∶2∶4),有利于改善棉花冠层特征,实现早熟高产。     

化学打顶对南疆棉花农艺和经济性状的影响

以陆地棉品种中棉所49号为材料,于2008 -2010年在新疆阿克苏市开展了化学打顶和人工打顶的田间对比试验,研究了2种打顶方式下棉花农艺性状、冠层特征、棉铃空间分布、产量性状及纤维品质的异同点.结果表明,化学打顶后棉株高于人工打顶,但株宽、果枝长及叶枝长显著低于人工打顶,因而株型更紧凑、见絮期冠层透光性好.化学打顶棉...     

棉花化学打顶剂的配制与筛选

化学打顶对于抑制棉花顶端的无限生长和实现轻简化栽培具有重要意义,而合适的打顶剂则是简化栽培管理的关键。采用自主配制的3种化学打顶剂（Z1、Z3和Z4）和市场上购买的氟节胺（Z2）、增效缩节胺（Z5）和缩节胺粉剂（Z6）3种化学药剂于花铃期（7月26日）进行喷雾（对照为不打顶）,于吐絮期对棉花株高、果枝始节高、植株上部（第9果枝）、中部（第5果枝）和下部（第2果枝）3个部位果枝长度、产量性状及纤维品质进行考察和统计分析。结果表明,不同化学打顶剂均对棉花的株高和果枝始节高有抑制作用,并且降低了上部果枝长度,增加了棉株的有效结铃数,增加了纤维产量,部分打顶剂对棉花纤维品质有轻微的影响,其中Z4处理在株型、产量和品质方面效果最佳。     

化学打顶对棉花群体容量的拓展效应

以常规人工打顶为对照,在大田条件下设置不同种植密度(18万、22.5万和27万株·hm-2),研究化学打顶对棉株形态、群体器官数量和经济产量等的影响.结果表明,化学打顶棉花株高显著高于人工打顶,平均高出17％,中上部果枝显著变短,尤其是上部果枝平均比人工打顶短75％.冠层中部透光率平均提高约13％.在相同密度条件下,化...     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

Effects of Seeding Date and Topping Date on Yield and Fiber Quality of Short-Season Cotton Field-Seeded after Barley(Rape)/Wheat Harvest

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seeding date and topping date on yield, yield characteristics and fiber quality of short-season cotton (CCRI 50) field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest. [Method] A split-plot design with three replicates was used for the study in Nanjing, Jiangsu province of China in 2014-2015. The main plots comprised two seeding dates (S₁: 25th May and S₂: 10th June), while topping dates (T₁: 30th July, T₂: 7th August and T₃: 15th August) constituted the subplots. [Result] The lint yield, the ratio of yield before frost, boll number, boll weight and lint percent of S₂ were lower than those of S₁. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes of S₂ were less than those of S₁ while it was the opposite for the boll setting ratio. The lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost decreased with the delay of topping date. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes, the ratio of them increased with the delay of topping date while the boll setting ratio decreased. The interaction of sowing date × topping date showed that the treatment of S₁T₁ achieved higher value in lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost. The higher number of fruit branches and fruit nodes were found at the treatment of S₁T₁, S₁T₂ and S1T3 and higher boll setting ratio were found at the treatment of S₂T₁ and S₁T₁. Correlation analysis showed that the lint yield positively and significantly correlated with the number of fruit branches and fruit nodes and boll number, but did not significantly correlate withboll setting ratio and the ratio of fruit branches number to nodes number. In addition, the boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches of S₂ were more than those of S₁ while it was the opposite for that of up fruit branches. The boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches decreased with the delay of topping date while it was the opposite for that of up-fruit branches. The treatment of S₁T₁ could be better to improve fiber length and fiber strength of different fruit branches and the micronaire value of middle fruit branches. [Conclusion] The treatment of S₁T₁ is conducive to high yield and fiber quality of short-season cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest in lower reaches of the Yangtze River.     

Interaction of Plant Density with Mepiquat Chloride Affects Plant Architecture and Yield in Cotton

[Objective] The effect of planting density and mepiquat chloride (DPC) on cotton plant architecture, growth, yield, and quality at Anyang City, Henan Province, China, was studied. [Method] Field experiments with cotton variety Lumianyan 28 were conducted with five planting densities (15 000, 45 000, 75 000, 105 000, and 135 000 plants·hm^－2) and application of DPC at three concentrations (0, 195, and 390 g·hm^－2). [Result] Increasing cotton plant density resulted in increased internode length and plant height but also caused the decrease of inclination of fruiting branches and leaves as well as elevated dry matter allocation to leaves and fruiting branches, which led to a decrease in dry matter accumulation. Application of DPC reduced the azimuth angle of fruiting branches and plant height, but increased the insertion angle of fruiting branches with the main stem, leaf length, and petiole length. Planting density and DPC treatment showed a significant interaction on fruiting branch insertion angle, plant height, stem diameter, and dry matter allocation to fruits and leaves. The interaction of DPC and planting density had a complementary effect on the spatial distribution of cotton-yielding bolls. The final dry matter was highest (14 362 kg·hm^－2) at the planting density of 105 000 plant·hm^－2 and DPC application of 390 g·hm^－2, which resulted in the highest seed yield (3 257 kg·hm^－2). [Conclusion] For maximization of cotton yield and quality, a plant density of 75 000 to 105 000 plants·hm^－2 and DPC application of 195 to 390 g·hm^－2 in the Yellow River cotton-producing region is recommended. The results may help to optimize labor-saving cotton management and to generate a plant architecture suitable for mechanical harvesting in the Yellow River cotton-producing region.     

棉花早熟性研究进展及其应用

早熟棉适于麦(油)后直播,实现粮棉一年两熟,对棉花产业稳定发展具有重要意义。本文对早熟性的遗传特性、早熟相关QTL定位、早熟相关基因挖掘的进展进行了阐述;总结了早熟棉的发展与育种现状以及早熟棉种质资源的创新利用;介绍了早熟棉在我国黄河流域、长江流域、西北内陆棉区的生产示范应用情况;提出了我国早熟棉育种的研究展望,为我国早熟棉育种提供参考。     

增效缩节安化学封顶对棉花主茎生长的影响及其相关机制

缩节安(1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride, DPC)是棉花生产中广泛应用的植物生长延缓剂。增效DPC (DPC ⁺, 25%水剂)助剂中的成分能对植物幼嫩组织表面形成轻微伤害, 实践证明其可实现棉花化学封顶、起到替代人工打顶的作用。为探究DPC ⁺作用机制, 本试验于2015年在田间条件下研究了棉花盛花期后(7月24日)应用DPC ⁺ (1125 mL hm ^-2)对棉花主茎生长和顶芽解剖结构、氧化还原状态及相关基因表达的影响。结果表明, 与对照(同期喷施清水)相比, DPC ⁺处理后棉花株高降低, 白花以上节位(nodes above the last white flower, NAWF)更早降到5; 处理后3 d即可观察到主茎生长点较对照扁平, 生长点的纵横比显著低于对照; 处理后6 h棉花顶芽的O₂ ^-、H₂O₂和MDA含量高于对照, 而开花相关基因GhSPL3和GhV1及顶端分生组织相关基因GhREV3的表达量则低于对照。化学封顶剂DPC ⁺可引起棉株顶芽的短期氧化应激反应, 降低与主茎生长点发育和花芽分化相关基因的表达水平, 从而延缓棉株生长和花芽的产生, 实现化学封顶。     

长江流域麦/油后直播棉花播种时间下限研究

【目的】晚播、增密、减氮是长江流域棉花生产通过缩短生产周期来降低人工成本和物化成本的有效途径,适宜的播种时间是麦/油后直播棉花产量形成的重要影响因子,但是适宜的播期及晚播下限的研究未见报道。【方法】2018年和2019年在湖北省主产棉区4个试验点进行播期试验,试验设5个播期处理,分别为5月20日、5月25日、5月30日、6月4日、6月9日,在高密度、低氮条件下,研究不同播种时间对棉花生育进程、田间长势长相、产量和品质的影响。【结果】推迟播种可通过缩短播种出苗期和苗期加速棉花生育进程,全生育期缩短,纤维品质稳定。但是,随播期推迟,伏桃数量、单株铃数、单位面积成铃数、籽棉产量及成熟期吐絮率下降。特别是过迟播种,单位面积成铃数、10月20日吐絮率及产量会显著下降。【结论】长江流域相似棉区麦/油后直播模式最适播期建议在5月25日左右,以不晚于6月4日为宜。     

Nitrogen use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as influenced by wheat–cotton cropping systems

Wheat–cotton rotations largely increase crop yield and improve resources use efficiency, such as the radiation use efficiency. However, little information is available on the nitrogen (N) utilization and requirement of cotton under wheat–cotton rotations. This study was to determine the N uptake and use efficiency by evaluating the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) N use and the soil N balances, which will help to improve N resource management in wheat–cotton rotations. Field experiments were conducted during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons in the Yangtze River region in China. Two cotton cultivars (Siza 3, mid-late maturity with 130 days growth duration; CCRI 50, early maturity with 110 days growth duration) were planted under four cropping systems including monoculture cotton (MC), wheat/intercropped cotton (W/IC), wheat/transplanted cotton (W/TC) and wheat/direct-seeded cotton (W/DC). The N uptake and use efficiency of cotton were quantified under different cropping systems. The results showed that wheat–cotton rotations decreased the cotton N uptake through reducing the N accumulation rate and shortening the duration of fast N accumulation phase as compared to the monoculture cotton. Compared with MC, the N uptake of IC, TC and DC were decreased by 12.0%, 20.5% and 23.4% for Siza 3, respectively, and 7.3%, 10.7% and 17.6% for CCRI 50, respectively. Wheat–cotton rotations had a lower N harvest index as a consequence of the weaker sink capacity in the cotton plant caused by the delayed fruiting and boll formation. Wheat–cotton rotations used N inefficiently relative to the monoculture cotton, showing consistently lower level of the N agronomic use efficiency (NAE), N apparent recovery efficiency (NRE), N physiological efficiency (NPE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP), particularly for DC. Relative to the mid–late maturity cultivar of Siza 3, the early maturity cultivar of CCRI 50 had higher N use efficiency in wheat–cotton rotations. An analysis of the crop N balance suggested that the high N excess in preceding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in wheat–cotton rotations led to significantly higher N surpluses than the monoculture cotton. The N management for the cotton in wheat–cotton rotations should be improved by means of reducing the base fertilizer input and increasing the bloom application.     

Effects of Removal of Redundant Buds and Topping of Fruiting Branches on Source-Sink Activity,Yield, and Fiber Quality of Cotton

[Objective] Removal of redundant buds and decapitation of fruiting branches are important pruning measures for cotton production. The effects of the two procedures on source–sink activity, yield, and fiber quality were studied to provide a scientific basis for a simplified pruning method. [Method] A field trial was carried out in bottomland of the Yellow River valley, Zhengzhou, Henan Province in 2014–2015 using cotton ‘Lumianyan 28’. Treatments consisted of removal of redundant buds, decapitation of fruiting branches, and removal of redundant buds and decapitation of fruiting branches in combination (RDR treatments). Redundant buds and tops of fruiting branches were retained in the control (CK). The source–sink size and activity, yield traits, fiber quality, and economic return were recorded. [Result] The RDR treatments increased the leaf area index and total dry matter accumulation, and increased the sink-source ratio at advanced growth stages compared with CK. In the middle growth period, the RDR treatments increased indoleacetic acid (IAA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content in the leaf. Moreover, the RDR treatments increased IAA content and SOD activity, and decreased ABA content in seeds of pre-summer bolls and summer bolls, whereas the IAA and ABA contents and SOD activity in fibers showed the opposite trend to that of seeds. The lint yield following removal of redundant buds, decapitation of fruiting branches, and combined removal of redundant buds and decapitation of fruiting branches was increased by 4.43%, 5.17%, and 9.31%, respectively, but no significant difference was observed among these treatments. Decapitation of fruiting branches had amore marked effect on yield than removal of redundant buds, and these two treatments applied in combination had a cumulative effect on yield. The RDR treatments had no significant effect on fiber quality. Decapitation of fruiting branches increased economic return, but removal of redundant buds reduced economic return, and the effect on economic return of removal of redundant buds and decapitation of fruiting branches in combination was inconsistent. [Conclusion] The RDR treatments generally improved the source–sink relationship, enhanced source and sink activity, and increased cotton yield. However, the increase in yield and economic benefits were less marked. We recommend simplified pruning techniques without removal of redundant buds and decapitation of fruiting branches for large-scale cultivation of cotton.     

Effects of Density and Miantaijin Chemical Control on Boll Characteristics and Physiological Activity of Direct-Seeded Cotton after Wheat Harvest

[Objective] The aim of this research is to study the effects of planting density and Miantaijin(diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·mepiquat chloride of mass fraction 27.5%) chemical control on physiological leaf characteristics and boll setting characteristics of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest. [Method] In 2011―2012, the early-maturing variety Guoxinzao 11-1 was used as the experimental material. The study was conducted in Yangzhou University in 2011―2012 under the direct-seeded after wheat harvest cropping system, and the randomized complete block design was arranged with planting densities and Miantaijin rates. [Result] Under the density 105 000 plant·hm^－2 combined with 1 170 mL·hm^－2 Miantaijin, the boll setting was mainly concentrated before August 31. The SPAD value, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, free amino acid content on July 15, July 30, August 15 of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest showed significant or extremely significant open-down parabola relationship with the number of bolls before August 31. It indicates that keeping the appropriate level of carbon and nitrogen physiological activity in cotton leaves is beneficial to high-quality bolls. [Conclusion] High density (105 000 plant·hm^－2) combined with proper Miantaijin control (1 170 mL·hm^－2) would contribute to forming quality bolls of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest, and the physiological activities of leaf carbon and nitrogen are suitable.