西兰花周年栽培技术

西兰花（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｏｌｅｒａｃｅａＬ．ｖａｒ．ｉｔａｌｉｃａＰｌａｎｃｈ）又名茎椰菜，青花菜。源产地中海沿岸，其食用部分是绿色的类以花椰菜的密集成球的花蕾和花茎。西兰花滋味鲜美，脆嫩爽口，菜体色泽碧绿，色味俱佳，除主花球外，还可大量的采收侧花球，使其上市期延长。据联合国粮农组织（ＦＡＯ）的分析，西兰花可食部分每１００ｇ含Ｖｃ１１０ｍｇ，ＶＡ３８００ＩＵ，其蛋白质脂肪，碳水化合物，矿质元素等均比目蓝类其它蔬菜高。所以西兰花称得上是一种营养齐全的高质量蔬菜。西兰花在我国栽培历史较短，贵阳地区在…     

嫁接茄子周年栽培技术

随着茄子栽培面积的扩大和连年种植,各种土传病害发生相当普遍,危害程度也越来越重,如茄子黄萎病、枯萎病、青枯病等已成为制约茄子生产的顽症,常规农药防治效果不好,嫁接已成为克服土传病害、提高茄子产量和效益的必须手段.     

非洲凤仙周年栽培技术

养花者常把非洲凤仙当作一年生花卉栽培。每年都要播种育苗,不但增加了开支,且育苗管理十分精细,苗期生长缓慢,育苗时间长。况且,一年生苗的花期比周年栽培的短一半。因此我们在生产实践中,初步摸索出周年栽培技术,获得了不匪的经济效益。周年栽培的核心是保温越冬及扦     

出口大葱周年栽培技术

出口的大葱通用标准是植株完整、紧凑、无病虫害，叶肥厚、叶色深绿、蜡粉层厚，成品叶身和假茎长度比约为(1．2～1．5)：1．假茎长40cm，横径2cm左右，洁白、致密。以手握大葱假茎基部，能保持植株挺立5秒以上，假茎不弯曲、不折断为好。出口大葱要求周年均衡供应，生产上结合日光温室(冬暖大棚)、拱棚等保护设施能够实现周年栽培周年供应。现将其关键栽培技术介绍如下：     

Annual Brussels sprouts

Annual flowering in Brussels sprouts, originally found in one plant in 1953, is dominant over biennial flowering and the difference is monogenic. Deviations from expectations may be the effect of potentially annual plants which do not come to flower owing to a very late time of flowering.

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Samenvatting In 1953 werd één spruitkoolplant gevonden, die in het jaar van uitzaaien bloeide. Op grond van de resultaten met F₁'s en F₂'s van kruisingen tussen éénjarig en tweejarig en terugkruisingen wordt geconcludeerd tot dominantie van éénjarigheid en tot een monogeen verschil. Afwijkingen van verwachtingen betreffen steeds een tekort aan éénjarigen en worden toegeschreven aan het niet tot bloei komen van potentiële éénjarigen door een zeer late bloeitijd, welke genetisch geïnduceerd wordt door de tweejarige ouder, die niet op vroege bloei in het eerste jaar kan worden geselecteerd.

     

Evaluation of Annual Medicago for Upper Midwest Agroecosystems

Annual Medicago species (medics) have characteristics that may make them a valuable addition to agricultural systems in the Upper Midwest, USA, but few genotypes have been evaluated. The objective of this research was to identify medic germplasm exhibiting traits that are desirable for cultivars intended for multiple uses in the region. Australian annual medic cultivars and plant introductions (PI) representing seven species were evaluated for Phytophthora root rot (Phytophthora medicaginis Hansen et Maxwell) resistance, shade tolerance, growth habit, dry matter accumulation, maturity after 9–10 weeks of growth, and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) yellowing. Medicago polymorpha L. plant introductions PI 197346, PI 459135, and PI 283653 were resistant to Phytophthora root rot. Kelson [Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.] and PI 419241 [Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.] were tolerant of shade, while M. polymorpha entries Santiago and SA 9032 were intolerant. In growth habit comparisons, PI 419241 and PI 368939 (M. polymorpha) grew less than 11 cm tall, while Kelson and SA 5762 (M. polymorpha) grew at least 27 cm tall. Dry matter production 10–12 weeks after emergence was greatest for PI 197339 (M. polymorpha) and Kelson. At that time, the earliest maturing entries, PI 226517 (M. polymorpha) and Sava (M. scutellata), had begun to senesce, while the latest maturing entry (PI 419241) was still vegetative. Paraponto (Medicago rugosa Desr.) was highly resistant to potato leafhopper yellowing. None of the medic entries evaluated combined all of the desirable traits for Upper Midwest cultivars, but the traits were all present within available germplasms. Plant breeders could develop adapted cultivars by combining favourable traits from several medic genotypes.     

Calculating Annual Pollution Load in Urban Runoff

Sampling and monitoring of surface runoff in Bengbu urban area were carried out during rainy seasons in 2009, and 40 rainfall samples from 7 sampling sites were analyzed. Discharge processes of runoff pollutants during rain events and relationships of the processes with rainfall characters were discussed. Then some aspects were analyzed, such as city surface pollutants, land style and system of drains, etc. Finally annual total quantity of runoff pollution from Bengbu urban area was calculated based the method.     

水稻-油菜周年耕作方式对土壤微生态的影响

为探索土壤微生态对稻-油系统周年耕作方式的响应机制,利用湘北洞庭湖区长期免耕直播土壤,设置稻-油轮作试验,通过比较双免耕双直播和旋耕抛栽土壤中酶活性、微生物数量、群落多样性和菌群功能等指标的差异,研究不同耕作方式对土壤微生态的影响。宏基因组测序表明,细菌群落在2种耕作方式下组成相似,双免耕双直播下细菌多样性更高;真菌群落在不同耕作方式下有不同的真菌类型,但旋耕抛栽下真菌多样性更高。菌群功能分析显示,需氧和兼性厌氧原核微生物相对丰度在双免耕双直播中较高;与氮代谢相关的原核微生物相对丰度在双免耕双直播中较高,而与碳代谢相关的原核微生物的相对丰度在旋耕抛栽中较高。可培养微生物数量测定表明,免耕土壤中可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌和硝化细菌的数量都较旋耕极显著降低,而氨化细菌数量极显著增加。酶活性分析表明,双免耕双直播土壤中的脲酶活性比旋耕抛栽提高了58.12%,而转化酶、磷酸酶和纤维素酶的活性分别降低了28.57%、11.00%和57.73%。本研究表明稻-油轮作双免耕双直播的耕作方式有利于提高土壤中细菌的多样性、需氧和兼性厌氧原核微生物的相对丰度,有利于土壤中氮的转化和利用,为洞庭湖区稻-油系统合理耕作方式的选择提供依据。     

纳雍槭实生苗年生长规律研究

研究了1年生纳雍槭实生苗的生长动态,结果表明:纳雍槭的年生长规律符合Logistic曲线特征,据此方程建立了苗高、地径与生长时间的拟合模型;根据生长动态,将苗木生长划分为4个阶段:出苗期、生长初期、速生期和生长后期;进入速生期,苗高保持快速生长,仅用34.8％的生长时间生长了66.6％的生长量,比地径生长提早12d结束速生期进入生长后期,地径用40.7％的生长时间,生长了67.8％的生长量.     

小麦—玉米周年生物节水栽培品种的筛选

为了在小麦—玉米周年栽培中提高作物产量与水分利用效率,于2008—2009年栽培季在大田栽培条件下,以当前胶东地区推广种植的13个小麦品种与14个玉米品种为供试作物进行小麦—玉米周年生物节水栽培品种筛选试验,以小麦全生育期不灌溉、拔节期灌溉1次与拔节、灌浆期灌溉2次3个水分供应水平、玉米全生育期不灌溉与开花期灌溉1次2个水分供应水平处理,结果表明:试验条件下,供试小麦品种的产量在5992.485kg/hm2～10045.500kg/hm2之间,水分利用效率(WUE)在14.314kg/(hm2·mm)～24.238kg/(hm2·mm)之间,玉米品种产量在7118.535kg/hm2～12220.700kg/hm2之间,WUE在13.467～26.124kg/(hm2·mm)之间,根据产量、耗水量、WUE、灌溉水生产效率等指标进行聚类分析,将供试小麦品种分为5类,玉米品种分为4类。在小麦生育期内降水250mm、玉米生育期内降水460mm左右时,济麦21、青丰2号、济麦22、DH155等4个小麦品种与先玉335、鲁单981、登海3622、蠡玉16、丹玉86等5个玉米品种具有高产高WUE的特点,可作为小麦—玉米周年生物节水栽培中的首选品种。     

Annual Medicago as a Smother Crop in Soybean

Use of conservation tillage and narrow row spacing in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production has led to increased use of herbicides for weed control. Some producers are seeking alternative weed control methods, such as smother crops, that would reduce dependence on chemical weed control. A successful smother crop must compete strongly with weeds but minimally with the crop. In four environments, we intercropped three annual Medicago spp. (medics) with soybean to test their utility as a smother crop for weed control. Annual medics were intercropped with soybean at rates of 0, 85, 258, or 775 seeds m^?2, and the intercrops were grown with and without weed control. Increasing medic seeding rate decreased weed yields but also reduced soybean herbage and grain yields. For the weed‐controlled treatment, average soybean grain yields declined 7 kg ha^?1 for every 10 seeds m^?2 increase in medic seeding rate. Soybean grain yield was lower when grown with Medicago scutellata L. cv. Sava than when grown with Medicago polymorpha L. cv. Santiago or Medicago lupilina L. cv. George. Soybean grain yield was negatively related (r=?81) to medic herbage production. In the autumn following soybean harvest, medic residue ranged from 200 to 3700 kg ha^?1 depending on the location and seeding rate. Medics provided residue for soil protection, suppressed weeds, but also reduced soybean yields.     

一年生黑麦草A 2003新品系品种比较试验

通过对A2003一年生黑麦草与"杰威、钻石T、特高"一年生黑麦草在贵州南部独山地区进行生育期、生长速度、茎叶比、鲜草产量、营养价值等指标观察测定,结果表明:A 2003一年生黑麦草生产性能高于对照杰威和参试品种钻石T、特高.     

中国野生大豆遗传多样性中心

本文采用群体遗传学方法, 研究分析了6172份中国野生大豆资源的数量、 遗传多样性指数（Shannon指数）、 12个性状的综合变异系数及其地理分布。 结果表明： ① 42～47°N×122～127°E的东北中南部野生大豆资源分布极广、 遗传多样性丰富、 综合变异系数高; ② 34～35°N×113～115°E、 38～39°N×113～115°E和34～35°     

Nitrate and Ammonium Uptake Kinetics of Three Annual Range Species

The uptake kinetics of nitrate and ammonium ions was compared for the annual range species: subclover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), soft chess ( Bromus mollis L.), and broadleaved filaree ( Erodium botrys [Cav.] Bertol.) to study competitive interactions in nitrogen deficient soils. Fifteen-day-old seedlings were allowed to deplete solutions of nitrate or ammonium in the range of 5 to 500 μM concentrations for a 10-hour period during which net uptake (depletion) was monitored by a sensitive conductance technique. Subclover uptake rates were markedly less than those for soft chess and filaree for both nitrate and ammonium at both low and high concentrations. The evidence supports the hypothesis that subclover is a poor competitor for soil N in part because of this physiological difference.