药食两宜数山药

山药为薯蓣科薯蓣属多年生草本藤蔓植物,别名野白薯、怀山药、淮山药、土薯、山薯、玉延等,其地下块茎可供食用和药用,为极富营养的珍贵蔬菜和旅游保健食品。山药含皂角素,是当今医药上广泛应用的重要制药原料,成药能抗炎、镇痛、麻醉,治疗心脏病,抗肿瘤及内风湿等多种疾病。     

淮山薯地套种地膜茄子栽培技术

充分利用土地资源在淮山薯地套种茄子,对茄子的生物学特征、品种选择、栽培技术、病虫害防治等做详细分析,以达到套种地农作物最佳搭配,提高土地利用率,获得更多效益.     

黔中薯蓣与普通山药的区别

黔中薯蓣作为山药中的一种特殊品种,因其较高的药用以及保健价值而受到人们广泛的追捧。但大多数人对黔中薯蓣以及普通山药的区别并不了解,基于此,从黔中薯蓣的价值出发,探讨了黔中薯蓣同普通山药之间的区别。     

贺州市香芋与淮山内含成分的对比分析

为给广西贺州市香芋、淮山的加工利用环节提供营养成分等的数据支持,对比分析了贺州市2个香芋样品和3个淮山样品的水分、淀粉、蛋白质、总膳食纤维、黄酮、18种氨基酸及5种矿物质元素等的含量。结果表明:1)贺州市香芋、淮山均以水分和淀粉为主;淮山的水分含量高于香芋,水分含量最高的为早熟淮山,达81.4%;香芋的淀粉含量则高于淮山,淀粉含量最高的为贺州香芋(八步区莲塘镇种植),达23.42%。2)蛋白质含量以迟熟淮山最高,为3.03%。3)总膳食纤维含量以贺州香芋(富川县城北镇种植)最高,为1.5%。4)贺州市香芋、淮山的黄酮含量均不高。5)香芋的氨基酸含量高于淮山,贺州香芋(八步区莲塘镇种植)的氨基酸含量最高,为20.73 mg·g~(-1)。6)迟熟淮山含有微量元素Se,为0.024 4 mg·kg~(-1),Fe元素含量最高。     

淮山全粉-小麦粉混粉特性及其对饼干品质的影响

为拓宽淮山全粉的应用渠道,对不同配比淮山全粉-小麦粉混粉的粉质特性、吹泡特性以及面团粘性等流变学特性进行研究,并分析了淮山全粉对酥性饼干烘焙品质的影响。结果表明,淮山全粉的添加显著改变了面团流变特性,添加淮山全粉后,面团的形成时间延长,吸水率、弱化度增大,稳定时间缩短,其总体评价值下降;随着淮山全粉添加量的增加,酥性饼干面团的P值呈先增大后减小的趋势,L值、P/L值变小,其黏着性和附着功增大,饼干感官评分呈先下降后上升的趋势。当淮山-小麦粉配比为2∶8时,满足了作为酥性饼干原料粉的要求,制作的饼干感官品质较好。本研究结果为淮山全粉的应用提供了一定的理论参考。     

全州县淮山高产栽培技术

从淮山所需要的环境条件开始,到选种、整地、播种、田间管理、病虫防治、收获等方面,阐述了淮山栽培技术.     

华南主产区双季水稻物候变化及其与气候条件的关系

为探索华南水稻生长发育对气候变化的敏感性，估算气候变化、品种更替对水稻物候期变化的贡献，选取1981-2013年华南双季水稻种植区物候和气象观测数据，采用Theil-Sen估计线性倾向率、Mann-Kendall趋势显著性检验等方法，分析双季水稻物候期的时空变化趋势。结果表明：与其它地区不同，华南早稻播种期提前、晚稻成熟期推迟趋势较小；早稻、晚稻营养生长期存在缩短趋势，而生殖生长期存在延长趋势。早稻、晚稻的营养生长期、生殖生长期均随着降水量和日照时数的增加而延长，随着气温上升而缩短；平均气温每上升1℃，生长期长度缩短0.5～4.7d。气候变化与品种对水稻物候期影响的贡献率分析表明，品种更替对早稻和晚稻生长期长度的影响大于气候变化。研究期内品种更替中，早稻倾向于选择营养生长期和生殖生长期均长的品种；晚稻倾向于选择营养生长期短、生殖生长期长的品种。     

“小偃54"优质小麦在豫南地区示范推广的抗逆性研究

豫南淮河北岸试验与示范推广的优质小麦“小偃54”品种在病虫害、霜害及严重旱、涝灾后仍表现出良好的抗逆性和较高产量，4年大田调查研究其生理特性如根系特性、功能叶特性、营养吸收利用效率等方面抗逆生理结果表明，该品种根系发达，旗叶上挺，通风透光强，并具有较强抗倒伏能力，这可能是“小偃54”在逆境胁迫下仍能获得较高产量的生理基础。     

黄姜提取薯蓣皂甙元及葡萄糖的工艺研究

薯蓣皂甙元是黄姜中的主要活性成分，如何提高其得率和处理其水解滤液一直是实际生产中存在的问题。本文探讨了从黄姜水解液中同时得到薯蓣皂甙元和葡萄糖的提取工艺，首次提出了以中和作为主要脱盐方法从黄姜水解滤液中提取高纯度葡萄糖的工艺，确定了合适的中和、脱色和脱盐条件。结果表明，该工艺优于传统的薯蓣皂甙元提取方法，防止了水解滤液直接排放对环境造成的污染。     

不同品种春小麦对钾素营养的反应

选有代表性的三个春小麦品种，采用砂培和田间实验方法研究不同品种春小麦对钾素营养的反应，根据不同品种小麦在相同和不同供钾水平下植株生物学特性和需钾情况，明确不同品种小麦对钾素营养反应类型。研究发现，优质强筋小麦龙麦26为钾肥敏感型品种，新克旱9为耐低钾品种。     

生态冷漠症的“诊”与“治”

当今有一部分政府官员患有生态冷漠症,其表现有3种,即面对持续恶化的生态环境麻木不仁,生态建设取得一点成绩便盲目乐观,发生了生态安全问题就怨天尤人。医治生态冷漠症应重点抓好以下3个方面的工作:紧密结合工作实际,切实加强对广大干部的科学发展观教育;完善和推行绿色GDP核算标准,加强对各级政府及其官员的考核;制定和完善有关法律法规,加大对政府行为的约束力度。     

The "oxygen paradox" of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria

N₂ fixation by aerobic bacteria is a very energy demanding process, requiring efficient oxidative phosphorylation, while O₂ is toxic for the nitrogenase complex. N₂-fixing bacteria have evolved a variety of strategies to cope with this apparent "O₂ paradox". This review compares strategies that azospirilla and other well-known N₂-fixing soil bacteria use to overcome this O₂ paradox. Attention will be given to the relationships between the natural habitat of these soil bacteria and their prevailing adaptations. In view of this knowledge the following questions will be addressed: are the specific adaptations observed in azospirilla sufficient to allow optimal proliferation and N₂ fixation in their natural habitat? Could improving the O₂ tolerance of the N₂-fixing process contribute to the development of more efficient strains for the inoculation of plants?     

Characterization of aroma compounds of chinese "Wuliangye" and "Jiannanchun" liquors by aroma extract dilution analysis

Aroma compounds in Chinese "Wuliangye" liquor were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) after fractionation. A total of 132 odorants were detected by GC-O in Wuliangye liquor on DB-wax and DB-5 columns. Of these, 126 aromas were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (MS). Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was further employed to identify the most important aroma compounds in "Wuliangye" and "Jiannanchun" liquors. The results showed that esters could be the most important class, especially ethyl esters. Various alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, alkylpyrazines, furan derivatives, lactones, and sulfur-containing and phenolic compounds were also found to be important. On the basis of flavor dilution (FD) values, the most important aroma compounds in Wuliangye and Jiannanchun liquors could be ethyl butanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, hexanoic acid, and 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane (FD > or = 1024). These compounds contributed to fruity, floral, and apple- and pineapple-like aromas with the exception of hexanoic acid, which imparts a sweaty note. Several pyrazines, including 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, and 3,5-dimethyl-2-pentylpyrazine, were identified in these two liquors. Although further quantitative analysis is required, it seems that most of these pyrazine compounds had higher FD values in Wuliangye than in Jiannanchun liquor, thus imparting stronger nutty, baked, and roasted notes in Wuliangye liquor.     

试论将“水土保持”改称“水土生态保持”的科学性

我国“水土保持”一词的提出已有60多年的历史,而治理水土流失的历史则可以追溯到西周初期(公元前16~11世纪)。水和土是陆地生态系统重要的生态因子,而以水和土为首要立地条件的生态植被,是陆地生态系统的第一性生产者,也是水土保持生态效益的直接承担者,所以植被的保护和恢复是水土保持不可或缺的重要部分,生态保护和生态与环境的改善愈来愈成为水土保持不可分割的重要内容。从水土保持的历史和当今不断丰富的水土保持实践来看,应将传统的“水土保持”称谓改称“水土生态保持”,这样更符合水土保持学科发展的需要,能够反映当前水土保持实践,有利于提高全社会对水土保持生态建设的认知度,有利于水土保持的行业管理。     

"林 - 蛙 - 鱼"生态农业模式研究

对杨树 虎纹蛙 罗非鱼("林 - 蛙 - 鱼")生态农业模式进行了3年的研究.结果表明,"林 - 蛙 - 鱼"立体种养生态农业模式经济效益明显,250 m2种养池当年可产生经济效益4 800元左右."林 - 蛙 - 鱼"立体种养生态农业模式也取得了良好的生态效益和社会效益,表现在改善生态环境、维护生物多样性、带动农民发展生产、教育青少年等方面,实现了生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的同步发展.     

C语言程序设计教学改革初探

提高C语言程序设计教学效果的方法和手段是教师关注的问题。在教学中让学生充分认识到该课程的重要作用,掌握正确的学习方法,提高课堂教学的效率和质量,提高学生的编程能力,提高学生的动手实践能力,加强各个教学环节的互动。使学习C语言的目的不再局限于使学生单纯地了解和掌握C语言的基本语法规范,而是要致力于培养学生运用C语言解决实际问题的编程能力。     

关于坡耕地土壤"翻滚侵蚀"的研究

所谓“翻滚侵蚀”,就是指坡耕地土壤在受到人为外力的作用下,而产生向下翻动、滚动和下切的侵蚀现象,其主要发生在坡耕地的耕作上,当在坡耕地上耕作时,每趟一遍地,其土壤就向下翻滚一点和下切一点,当坡度越大其翻滚的程度就越大,也就是说产生的翻滚侵蚀就越大。这种“翻滚侵蚀”现象在山区、丘陵区、漫川漫岗区的坡耕地耕作中是十分突出和十分严重的,不能不引起我们对它的高度重视。     

Sorption-desorption of "aged" sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides in soil

Sorption-desorption interactions of pesticides with soil determine the availability of pesticides in soil for transport, plant uptake, and microbial degradation. These interactions are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide and soil, and for some pesticides, their residence time in the soil. The objective of this study was to characterize sorption-desorption of two sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides incubated in soils at different soil moisture potentials. The chemicals were incubated in clay loam and loamy sand soils for up to 12 wks at -33 kPa and at water contents equivalent to 50 and 75% of that at -33 kPa. Chemicals were extracted sequentially with 0.01 N CaCl(2) and aqueous acetonitrile, and sorption coefficients were calculated. Sufficient sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides remained (>40% of that applied) during incubation to allow calculation of sorption coefficients. Aging significantly increased sorption as indicated by increased sorption coefficients. For instance, for sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone remaining after a 12-wk incubation at -33 kPa, K(d) increased by a factor of 4.5 in the clay loam soils and by 6.6 in the loamy sand as compared to freshly treated soils. There was no effect of moisture potential on sorption K(d) values. These data show the importance of characterization of sorption-desorption in aged herbicide residues in soil, particularly in the case of prediction of herbicide transport in soil. In this case, potential transport of sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides would be over-predicted if freshly treated soil K(d) values were used to predict transport.     

“模型黄土高原”的组成及建设内容

“模型黄土高原”由原型观测系统、实体模型和比尺模型 3部分组成。通过原型观测系统、实体模型和比尺模型的建设与研究 ,可尽快摸清黄土高原各个不同类型区的水土流失规律 ,探求快速、有效的水土保持措施配置和综合治理模式 ,实现对水土保持效益进行科学、定量的分析和评价 ,从而为黄河水土保持生态建设及维持黄河健康生命提供有力的科技支撑和理论依据。介绍了近期工作重点     

Chemometric characterization of the cypriot spirit "zivania"

In 42 alcoholic beverages produced in Cyprus and other countries, 26 chemical and physical-chemical variables were determined by HPLC and GC chromatography, (1)H NMR and ICP spectroscopy, and other techniques. Data were processed using multivariate chemometric techniques, involving principal component analysis, cluster analysis, regularized discriminant analysis, and classification and regression trees. Zivania can be differentiated from beverages from other countries. Using 2- and 3-methyl-butanol, 2-methyl-propanol, furfural, methanol, and the alcoholic grade and the chemical shift of -CH(3) in (1)H NMR spectra as features, a nearly correct classification for zivania was achieved. The reasons for diversions are given.