阿维菌素预处理与短期高温对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的联合作用

以试虫死亡率、化蛹时间、化蛹率、羽化率等的变化为依据研究了阿维菌素预处理与短期高温对小菜蛾(Plutellaxylostella)3龄幼虫的联合作用.结果表明:35 ℃、40℃高温持续4h及其以上时,对小菜蛾3龄幼虫具有显著不利影响,表现在试虫死亡率显著提高,化蛹率、羽化率显著降低;与35℃相比,40 ℃二处理后试虫不利作用出现时间提前,化蛹时间显著推迟;0.56 mg·L-1阿维菌素处理后,35℃持续12 h能够显著提高阿维菌素的毒力;0.14 mg·L-1、0.56 mg·L-1阿维菌素均能显著提高试虫耐35℃持续4 h、8 h的能力.40℃持续2 h以上都能显著提高0.14 mg·L-1、0.56 mg·L-1阿维菌素的毒力.0.14 mg·L-1阿维菌素能够显著降低试虫耐40℃持续8 h的能力,而0.56 mg·L-1阿维菌素能够显著削弱试虫耐40℃持续2 h、4 h、8 h的能力.     

土壤类型及含水量对桑椹瘿蚊羽化率的影响研究初报

为探明土壤含水量与桑椹瘿蚊发生轻重的关系,开展不同土壤类型及含水量对椹瘿蚊羽化率的影响研究。结果表明:土壤含水量对桑椹瘿蚊羽化有显著影响,在土壤含水量为10%时,两种土壤类型的桑椹瘿蚊羽化率均为最高,土壤含水量较高或较低时,其羽化率明显受到抑制。在适宜含水量范围内,桑椹瘿蚊在砂土中的羽化率显著高于砂壤土。两种土壤类型的桑椹瘿蚊羽化趋势基本一致,3月18日桑椹瘿蚊成虫数量开始缓慢增加,在3月28号出现高峰,随后在4月初出现小高峰。     

幼虫密度对小菜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响

为明确小菜蛾幼虫密度对其种群增长的影响,在室内条件下[温度(22±1)℃,RH70%~80%,光周期12L∶12D]对不同幼虫密度[1头.皿1、10头.皿1、20头.皿1、30头.皿1、40头.皿1(直径为9 cm)]饲养的小菜蛾生长发育及繁殖进行了研究。结果表明,幼虫密度对小菜蛾幼虫、蛹的发育历期和存活率、蛹重及成虫生殖等有显著影响。幼虫和蛹历期均以10头.皿1处理最短,且随幼虫密度增加而显著延长。幼虫至蛹的存活率以10头.皿1、20头.皿1处理较高,显著高于1头.皿1和40头.皿1处理。蛹重以1头.皿1处理最重,并随幼虫密度的增加而显著变轻。不同幼虫密度下羽化的成虫畸形率差异显著,以10头.皿1处理最低,其余随幼虫密度的增加而升高。成虫产卵量以1头.皿1处理最高,随着幼虫密度增加,产卵量逐渐下降。雌、雄蛾寿命分别以40头.皿1、10头.皿1处理最长,密度过高时或过低雌雄蛾寿命显著缩短。生命表分析表明,幼虫密度对小菜蛾种群增长指数影响显著,以10头.皿1处理种群增长指数最高,幼虫密度过高或过低,种群增长指数下降。因此,幼虫密度是影响小菜蛾种群增长的重要因子之一。     

当归和蓖麻乙醇提取液对甜菜夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的亚致死效应

为探讨植物提取液对甜菜夜蛾的亚致死效应,本文建立了当归和蓖麻提取液毒力回归方程,测定了两种提取液亚致死剂量LC20和LC30对幸存亲代和F1代甜菜夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,这两种提取物的两个亚致死剂量对亲代和F1代甜菜夜蛾2~5龄幼虫历期、亲代和F1代甜菜夜蛾蛹历期和雌雄蛹重均无显著影响;与对照组相比,当归LC20和LC30处理后亲代甜菜夜蛾产卵量分别下降21.4%和26.5%,而F1代分别下降45.4%和61.3%,蓖麻LC20和LC30处理后亲代甜菜夜蛾产卵量分别下降23.5%和27.3%,而F1代产卵量分别下降52.7%和61.0%;蓖麻LC20和LC30处理不会显著影响亲代甜菜夜蛾化蛹率和羽化率,而当归LC30显著降低了其化蛹率和羽化率;与对照组相比,当归LC20和LC30对F1代甜菜夜蛾化蛹率无显著影响,但LC30显著降低了其羽化率,蓖麻LC20和LC30显著降低了其羽化率且LC30显著降低了其化蛹率。这两种提取物的两个亚致死剂量作用后都干扰了甜菜夜蛾性比,当归LC30处理后亲代甜菜夜蛾雌雄性比为1∶0.5,蓖麻LC30处理后F1代甜菜夜蛾雌雄性比为1∶2.1。本文揭示了当归和蓖麻提取液亚致死剂量对甜菜夜蛾生长发育和繁殖有一定抑制作用,可为植物提取液亚致死效应研究提供理论依据。     

淹水添加有机物料改良退化设施蔬菜地土壤

设施蔬菜种植易引起土壤酸化和次生盐渍化及土传疾病的发生,严重影响蔬菜生产的可持续发展,亟需发展快速有效改良退化土壤的方法和技术。通过盆栽试验,比较研究了稻草、黑麦草和鸡粪用量分别为1%、3%和7%时,淹水15 d改良退化设施蔬菜地土壤的效果。结果表明,与不淹水不加有机物料处理(CKd)和淹水不加有机物料处理(CKf)相比,淹水添加有机物料加速土壤Eh的下降,能有效消除土壤积累的硝态氮,降低硫酸根含量,显著提高土壤pH,其变化幅度随有机物料添加量的增加而增大。退化设施蔬菜地土壤改良后,除稻草和鸡粪添加量为7%处理外,各有机物料处理黄瓜长势和产量均高于CKd和CKf处理。有机物料对退化土壤的改良效果表现为黑麦草稻草鸡粪,而有机物料添加量增大,并不显著改善黄瓜长势和提高产量。     

水热对三峡水库消落带退耕稻田土壤有机碳矿化的影响

采用模拟培养的方法,研究了不同水热条件对三峡水库消落带退耕稻田土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化的影响。试验共设3个培养温度(10、20和30℃)和4个水分梯度(40%田间持水量(WHC)、70%WHC、100%WHC和浅层淹水)。结果表明:1在66天培养期内,各培养温度(10~30℃)下,70%WHC、100%WHC和浅层淹水处理之间的SOC累积矿化量均无明显差异,其中10℃培养时40%WHC处理下的累积矿化量要显著低于70%WHC和100%WHC水分处理(P0.05),但与浅层淹水无明显差异,而20℃和30℃培养时40%WHC处理下的累积矿化量则要显著低于其他水分处理,表明相较于70%WHC的水分处理,40%WHC水分处理会抑制消落带退耕稻田SOC矿化,而高水分(100%WHC和浅层淹水)对SOC矿化则无明显促进和抑制作用。2在相同水分条件下,消落带退耕稻田SOC累积矿化量均随培养温度升高而增加。3高温下各水分处理之间的温度敏感性无显著差异,而低温下水分对温度敏感性有显著影响,低温浅层淹水处理下的Q10为2.33,显著高于40%WHC处理,与70%WHC和100%WHC处理之间无明显差异。且随着温度升高,浅层淹水下消落带退耕稻田SOC矿化的温度敏感性显著降低,而在土壤含水量≤100%WHC下则无明显变化。温度和水分均能显著影响SOC矿化,但二者无明显的交互效应。4双库一级矿化动力学模型拟合结果表明,水分和温度通过影响消落带退耕稻田土壤易分解有机碳含量和难分解有机碳的矿化速率,从而影响SOC矿化。     

煤矸石组分与表土质地对充填重构土壤导气率的影响

研究煤矸石组分及表土质地对煤矸石重构土壤导气率的影响,探讨重构土壤这种差异显著的非均质土壤导气内在机理,为进一步研究复杂的非均质土壤导气特性提供理论基础。通过在煤矸石中掺杂不同粒径碎石来改变其组分,并利用3种不同质地的土壤在土柱内进行土壤剖面重构,采用一维瞬态法测量其导气率。结果表明:(1)不同碎石粒径和质量分数对混合基质饱和含水量影响不同,掺杂2~5mm粒径碎石,随着质量分数的增加,饱和含水量逐渐增加,从7.29%增加到12.9%;掺杂5~10mm粒径碎石,饱和含水量随着质量分数的增加先增加后减少,分别为7.28%,8.5%,6.9%。(2)煤矸石的导气率远大于土壤,并且煤矸石的导气率对水分的敏感度随质量含水量的增加而增加,而土壤的导气率对水分变化的敏感度均随质量含水量的增加而降低。(3)碎石的存在为大孔隙的产生创造条件的同时也会减少了土壤通气断面,阻隔空气传输的通道。(4)重构土壤导气率受表土质地和底部填充介质的共同影响,覆土土壤导气率决定了重构土壤的导气率大小,而充填基质导气率决定了充填介质对重构土壤导气率影响的系数(Ska)。Ska与充填介质导气率呈显著相关,可以通过指数函数进行拟合(R2=0.93)。通过充填介质及覆土土壤的导气率可以对重构土壤导气率进行估算,简化了重构土壤导气率的测定过程。     

充填层对覆土层水分变化影响的模拟研究

水分变动状况是充填复垦土壤质量的重要指标.通过充填柱模拟实验研究了充填复垦中充填层物料孔隙度大小对覆土层含水量变化的影响.结果表明,充填层孔隙度略小于覆土层时,覆土层含水量减少最快,而充填层孔隙度大于覆土层时,覆土层含水量减少速度与充填层孔隙度成正相关.因此,在充填复垦实践时,应根据覆土层孔隙度情况设计充填层的孔隙以保证充填复垦土壤有较强的保水性能.     

微咸水滴灌对绿洲棉田水盐运移特征及棉花产量的影响

在南疆绿洲棉田,以河水为对照(CK),利用咸水与河水混合方式,设置矿化度为3,5g/L的微咸水,研究微咸水滴灌对棉田水盐运移特征及棉花产量的影响。结果表明:矿化度为3,5g/L处理的土壤含水量、含盐量在整个生育期呈上升趋势,且随矿化度增加而增大,盛花期(7月21日)前土壤含水量差异不显著,CK的土壤含盐量最高,盛花期后土壤含盐量5g/L3g/LCK,差异显著(p0.05)。垂直方向,土壤深度增加土壤含水量增大,且随着微咸水矿化度增加土壤含水量呈增大趋势,不同处理在盛花期以后差异显著;随土壤深度的增加土壤含盐量呈下降趋势,滴灌次数越多处理间差异越大,至盛铃期(8月4日)达显著水平。水平方向,距离滴头越远土壤含水量越小,且随着矿化度增加土壤含水量逐渐增大;3,5g/L土壤含盐量在盛花期前低于CK,盛花期后距离滴头越远土壤含盐量下降越小,且与矿化度呈正相关。与CK相比,3g/L皮棉产量下降2.1%,差异不显著,5g/L则下降9.6%,差异显著,产量下降主要原因是单株结铃数和单铃重显著下降,而对衣分影响不显著。因此,棉花盛花期前可利用微咸水进行滴灌,且微咸水矿化度不宜超过3g/L。     

降解菌HQ-C-01对克百威污染土壤的生物修复

在室内模拟条件下,研究了降解菌HQ-C-01(Pichia anomala)对克百威污染土壤的修复作用及其影响因素,同时研究了克百威及该菌株对土壤微生物的影响。结果表明,克百威降解率与降解菌HQ-C-01接种量呈正相关,降解菌接种量为2.09×108 CFU/g干土时,对土壤中50 mg/kg克百威10天降解率达82.89%;当降解菌接种量低于106 CFU/g干土时,降解菌对克百威的降解效果较弱。土壤含水量显著影响降解菌对克百威的降解率,含水量为600 g/kg时降解效果最好,降解率达85.32%,而当含水量低于200 g/kg时降解效果较差。在温度范围25℃~35℃降解菌对克百威都具有较好的降解效果。不同土壤pH值对降解菌的降解作用有显著影响,在pH值为7时,降解菌对土壤中50 mg/kg克百威10天降解率达85.62%,在较低和较高pH值下,降解效果较差。克百威使用对土壤菌落结构有一定的影响,对土壤真菌具有强烈刺激作用,从而使土壤微生物群落结构发生改变,而降解菌的使用可缓解克百威对土壤微生物的影响,修复受污染土壤。     

乙草胺对农田中小型土壤动物群落结构的影响

采用定点试验的方法,在哈尔滨市呼兰区选择典型农田生态系统进行试验,研究施用不同浓度乙草胺对农田中小型土壤动物群落组成、多样性及垂直分布的影响。本调查共获中小型土壤动物4 648只,隶属于2门4纲10目15个类群,其中甲螨亚目和中气门亚目为优势类群。研究结果表明,施用不同浓度的乙草胺对农田中小型土壤动物群落组成、多样性及垂直分布均产生一定影响。Sorenson相似性系数和Morisita-Hron相似性系数均表现为高浓度与中浓度差异高浓度与低浓度差异高浓度与对照差异,表明随乙草胺浓度的增加土壤动物的群落结构差异逐渐显著;除优势度指数外,其余多样性指数均表现为中浓度和低浓度样地与对照样地存在显著差异(P0.05),高浓度样地与对照样地间存在极显著差异(P0.001)。5月、7月和9月土壤动物的密度在0~5 cm土层中均表现为对照样地低浓度样地中浓度样地高浓度样地,而在其下部的各土层中土壤动物密度变化与乙草胺浓度变化无明显相关性。中小型土壤动物可以作为揭示施用乙草胺过程中土壤质量变化的生物学指标。其群落组成、多样性和垂直分布的变化表明,中小型土壤群落对乙草胺的不同施用浓度产生了响应,过高浓度乙草胺会对土壤生态系统产生干扰,对土壤环境造成威胁。     

溶剂萃取与生物降解法联合修复老化石油污染土壤

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, practicality and sustainability of a combined approach based on solvent extraction and biodegradation to remediate the soils contaminated with high levels of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons. The soils used in this study were obtained from the Shengli Oilfield in China, which had a long history of contamination with high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons. The contaminated soils were washed using a composite organic solvent consisting of hexane and pentane (4:1, v/v) and then bioremediated in microcosms which were bioaugmentated with Bacillus subtilis FQ06 strains and/or rhamnolipid. The optimal solvent extraction conditions were determined as extraction for 20 min at 25 °C with solvent-soil ratio of 6:1 (v/w). On this basis, total petroleum hydrocarbon was decreased from 140 000 to 14 000 mg kg-1, which was further reduced to < 4 000 mg kg-1 by subsequent bioremediation for 132 d. Sustainability assessment of this integrated technology showed its good performance for both short- and long-term effectiveness. Overall the results encouraged its application for remediating contaminated sites especially with high concentration weathered hydrocarbons.     

逐渐干旱胁迫下两种生物土壤结皮藓类的渗透调节作用响应

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) widely occur in semiarid and arid regions throughout the world and play important roles in many desert ecosystems: protecting soil from wind erosion and detaining nutrient-rich dust and organic carbon. An experiment was conducted in the Shapotou revegetated area of the Tengger Desert, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China to investigate the physiological responses of the dominant biocrust mosses, Bryum argenteum and Didymodon vinealis, to desiccant stress using different osmotic adjustments. B. argenteum and D. vinealis accumulated K⁺, total soluble sugar, sucrose, trehalose, proline, and glycine betaine during desiccation. The proline content of B. argenteum was about two times higher than that of D. vinealis. The K⁺ and glycine betaine contents in B. argenteum were slightly higher than those in D. vinealis. In contrast, the total soluble sugar, sucrose, and trehalose contents in D. vinealis were about 3 to 5 times higher than those in B. argenteum. With gradual desiccation stress, the Na⁺ content of B. argenteum was low and did not significantly change. On the contrary, the Na⁺ content of D. vinealis sharply increased and reached a very high level of about 10 to 18 times higher than that of B. argenteum, indicating that B. argenteum and D. vinealis gradually adapted to desiccation stress by osmotic substances accumulation to different degrees.     

应用新引物DGGE分析土壤中硝酸盐还原细菌群落

The narG gene is frequently used as a molecular marker for bacterial nitrate-reducing community analysis. In this study, a new set of primers targeting the narG gene was designed and applied to semi-nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) assay. The potential of the new primers was verified on DNA directly extracted from soils from five different experimental sites distributed in Central and Southern Italy. Specificity of the primers was determined by excision, amplification, and sequencing of bands resolved by DGGE. A phylogenetic analysis showed the correlation between the sequences retrieved from the soils studied and the narG sequences from β and γ-Proteobacteria. These primers expanded the existing molecular tools for ecological study on the size and diversity of nitrate-reducing bacterial community in soil.     

生态毒理学工具在评价石油化工厂区土地耕作适宜性中的运用

The demand for simple and rapid bioassays in ecotoxicological evaluations is of paramount importance in order to speed up environmental monitoring programs. In this study we performed bioassays with lettuce seeds and two species of terrestrial isopods （Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus） for the ecotoxicological assessment of a landfarming soil from a petrochemical complex area. The solubilized content of test soil demonstrated a concentration-response type toxic effect on seed germination rate, and a delay on germination, but showed toxic effect on seedlings wet weight only at the highest concentration. Toxic effects were also observed in mortality rate and avoidance behavior of the two woodlice species. These results demonstrated the sensitiveness of the organisms studied, and highlighted the possibility to use these bioassays in environmental monitoring programs in areas contaminated with fossil fuels.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌菌剂对棉花根际土壤细菌数量及多样性的影响

采用稀释平板培养法与PCR-DGGE技术, 以阿维菌素为阳性对照, 水为阴性对照, 研究了大田喷施推荐剂量(0.1 kg·hm^-2)和高剂量(10 kg·hm^-2)苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)菌剂对棉花根际土壤细菌种群数量及结构的影响。结果表明, 喷雾处理后1~3 d, 不同处理组土壤细菌数量间无显著性差异, 在3 d时细菌数量均值达到最大, 之后开始下降, 12 d后清水对照、推荐剂量Bt菌剂、高剂量Bt菌剂处理组土壤细菌数量均值维持在4.0×107 CFU·g^-1左右; 推荐剂量Bt菌剂处理样品土壤细菌数量在6 d时显著高于清水对照, 其余时间与清水对照间无显著性差异; 高剂量Bt菌剂处理与清水对照在整个试验期间均无显著性差异; 阿维菌素处理组土壤细菌数量在0~6 d内与清水对照无显著性差异, 而在12~45 d内显著低于其他3个处理组。DGGE图谱显示, Bt菌剂处理对棉花根际土壤17种细菌均无显著抑制作用。聚类分析结果表明, Bt菌剂对土壤细菌群落结构的扰动在12 d后得到恢复。与阴性对照组相比, Bt菌剂对土壤细菌多样性指数无显著影响, 而阳性对照阿维菌素对土壤细菌种群消长和多样性指数有较强的影响。对DGGE图谱中17条电泳条带的序列分析, 证明棉花根际土壤中存在起固氮作用的慢生根瘤菌属细菌和具有污染修复与净化活性的鞘脂菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属和红球菌属细菌。Bt菌剂与阿维菌素处理均对这些土壤有益菌群无明显不利影响。总体结果表明, Bt菌剂无论是在正常推荐剂量下还是在较高剂量(推荐剂量的100倍)下使用, 对棉花根际土壤微生态环境产生的冲击都较小, 是一种生态安全性较高的生物农药。     

百菌清降解菌株H4的分离与表征及其修复污染土壤的潜能研究

A chlorothalonil(CTN)-degrading bacterial strain H4 was isolated in this study from a contaminated soil by continuous enrichment culture to identify its characteristics and to investigate its potential for remediation of CTN in contaminated soil. Based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical tests and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. After liquid culture for 7 d, 82.2% of CTN was removed by strain H4. The isolate could degrade CTN over a broad range of temperatures and p H values, and the optimum conditions for H4 degradation were p H 7.0 and 30℃. Reintroduction of the bacteria into artificially contaminated soil resulted in substantial removal of CTN( 50%) after incubation for 14 d. Soil samples treated by H4 showed significant increases(P 0.05) in soil dehydrogenase activity, soil polyphenol oxidase activity, average well-color development obtained by the Biolog Eco plate TM assay and Shannon-Weaver index, compared with the control. Strain H4 might be a promising candidate for application in the bioremediation of CTN-contaminated soils.     

间作作物及其还田时间对土壤碳素状况和相关酶活性的影响

Catch crops that are cultivated for green manure play an important role in improving soil properties. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of catch crop(pea, Pisum sativum L.) management, i.e., incorporation of catch crop in October/November(autumn) and March(spring), and without catch crop(control), on soil organic carbon(SOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and the activities of carbon(C)-cycle enzymes, including cellulase(Cel), β-glucosidase(Glu) and invertase(Inv). Additionally, soil total nitrogen(TN) and p HKClwere investigated. The catch crop was cultivated from August to October each year during 2008–2010. Soil samples were collected from the field of spring barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) that had been grown after the catch crop. Soil samples for microbial activity determination were taken in March, May, June and August in 2009, 2010 and2011, while SOC and TN contents as well as p HKClwere determined in March and August. The chemical properties studied did not show significant changes as influenced by the experimental factors. The use of catch crop significantly increased the MBC content and the activities of C-cycle enzymes compared to the control. When the catch crop was incorporated in spring, a significantly higher MBC content was noted in March and May compared to autumn incorporation. Moreover, the spring incorporation of the catch crop significantly increased the Glu activity(except March), while the activities of Cel and Inv as well as the rate of soil basal respiration were usually unaffected by the time of catch crop incorporation. Greater microbial biomass and higher enzyme activities in the catch crop-treated soil, compared to the control, indicated that the application of the catch crop as a green manure could be recommended as a promising technique to increase the biological activity of the soil. Since there was no significant effect or no consistent results were obtained related to the time of catch crop incorporation, both spring and autumn applications can be recommended as a management tool to improve the status of soil properties during the growth of a subsequent crop.     

土壤因子对链霉菌S506定殖和促生功能的影响

链霉菌S506是从植物根际分离获得的具有促生、防病和降解根系毒素功能的根际微生物,为了解土壤环境条件对其在根际定殖和功能表达的影响,以链霉菌S506为试材,研究了土壤质地、环境温度和土壤湿度对S506在番茄根际土壤定殖及番茄植株生长的影响.结果表明,适宜链霉菌S506在番茄根际定殖和促生作用发挥的土壤质地为壤土,其次为砂土和黏土;试验所设温度梯度中,利于S506在根际定殖的环境温度为30℃,其次为22.5℃和15℃,而利于目的菌株促生功能表达的环境温度则依次为22.5℃、30℃和15℃;适宜于目的菌株在根际定殖和促生功能发挥的土壤相对湿度为20%、25%,其次为15%和30%.     

萌芽开花期梨枣对土壤水势的响应

本试验选取4年生梨枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)为试验材料,设置-31~-51 kPa、-41~-84 kPa、-59~-132kPa和-161 kPa(不灌溉)4个土壤水势水平,结合茎直径微变化、营养生长与生殖生长量,分析了梨枣在萌芽开花期对土壤水势的响应。结果表明:1)在梨枣萌芽期,土壤水势在-41~-84 kPa范围波动时,茎直径日最大收缩量最小,营养生长与生殖生长最旺盛,是该时期适宜的土壤水势范围;花芽分化适宜的土壤水势范围为-41~-132 kPa。梨枣萌芽期适当的水分亏缺不影响花芽分化,但减弱了营养生长量,优化了营养生长与生殖生长的比例。2)在梨枣开花期,土壤水势范围为-54~-78 kPa时,茎直径日最大收缩量最小,坐果率较高,为开花期适宜的土壤水势范围;土壤水势为-79~-114 kPa时坐果率最高。开花期轻度的水分亏缺可显著提高坐果率。3)土壤水势过高或过低都抑制梨枣的营养生长、生殖生长和坐果,但水涝能促进茎直径生长,水分缺亏则抑制茎直径生长。4)在平水年,梨枣的萌芽期无需灌水,自然降雨即能满足其萌芽展叶、花芽分化的需要,但开花期,降雨不能满足梨枣高坐果率的需要。