Experimental assessment of runoff and soil erosion in an olive grove on a Vertic soil in southern Spain as affected by soil management

Abstract. Three different management systems were compared in an olive grove on a Vertic soil, near the city of Cordoba, Spain. Rainfall, runoff and soil loss were recorded from experimental plots of 6×12 m for three years. Results indicated that the no-tillage system, which was kept weed-free with herbicides, gave the largest soil loss (8.5 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and average annual runoff coefficient (21.5%), due to increased soil compaction, particularly outside the canopy projection area. A system that used a grass cover gave the lowest soil losses (1.2 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and average annual runoff coefficient (2.5%) due to the protective effects of the cover and increased soil aggregate stability. The third system, conventional tillage, gave intermediate results, with a soil loss of 4.0 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and an average runoff coefficient of 7.4%. The search for alternative soil management to conventional tillage should consider occasional light tillage to establish a grass cover that would keep both soil erosion and runoff losses to a minimum.     

Removal of rock fragments and its effect on soil loss and crop yield, Tigray, Ethiopia

Abstract. When the farmers of the Highlands of Tigray (northern Ethiopia) consider rock fragment cover in their fields to be excessive, they remove some of them. In addition, large amounts of rock fragments of all sizes are removed from fields for building stone bunds. Semi-structured interviews indicate that the farmers are often reluctant to take away the smaller rock fragments (i.e. < 5 cm across) from their fields, since they believe these benefit soil moisture conservation and protect topsoil from erosion. A field experiment was carried out on a Vertic Cambisol (average slope: 0.125 m m^–1), 2 km east of Hagere Selam (subhumid climate). Rock fragments were totally, partially or not removed from the 12 runoff plots (5 m × 6 m) before the beginning of the 1999 cropping season, during which a local mixture of wheat varieties ( Triticum spp.) was sown. After harvest, erosion rates were assessed by measuring deposited sediment volume in trenches at the lower side of each subplot, and grain and straw yields were assessed. We found a significant negative relationship between rock fragment cover and soil loss by water erosion. However, the resulting positive relationship between rock fragment cover and grain and straw yield was weak. This might be explained by the fact that the plot did not suffer from drought due to soil and climatic conditions. Detailed analysis showed that cover by medium and large rock fragments (> 2 cm diameter) showed an optimum percentage cover above which crop yields decrease. A recommendation resulting from this study is to rely on the farmers' experience: smaller rock fragments should never be removed from the surface of fields during soil and water conservation works; instead rock fragment rich soil can be used to top the stone bunds.     

The long-term effect of tillage on soil displacement of hilly areas used for growing wheat in Greece

Abstract. Tillage displaces large amounts of soil from upper slopes and deposits soil in lower landscape positions, greatly affecting productivity in these areas. The long-term effect of tillage on soil erosion was studied in four field sites growing mainly rainfed wheat. The soil loss from landscape positions with slopes, ranging from 3 to 28%, was estimated by: (a) comparing data of horizon thickness described at the same position at different times; and (b) using soil movement tracers added to the soil. Existing empirical relationships were used for estimating soil loss by tillage and runoff water, and loss in wheat biomass production. The experimental data showed soil losses of 0.4 to 1.4 cm yr^–1 depending on slope gradient, plough depth, and tillage direction. In two of the sites, soil depth has been reduced by 24–30 cm in a period of 63 years. The mean soil displacement of the plough layer (30 cm thick), measured by soil movement tracers, ranged from 31 to 95 cm yr^–1 depending mainly on slope gradient, corresponding to a rate of soil loss of 0.3 cm to 1.4 cm yr^–1. Soil eroded from the upper slopes was deposited on the lower slopes increasing soil thickness by 0.4 cm to 1.4 cm yr^–1. The application of empirical relationships, estimating soil loss by tillage and water runoff, showed that soil erosion at the field sites can be mainly attributed to tillage. The loss in wheat biomass production due to erosion was estimated at 26% on upper slopes for a period of 63 years, while a 14.5% increase in wheat production was estimated due to deposition of soil material in the lower landscape.     

Soil management for Alfisols in the semiarid tropics: erosion, enrichment ratios and runoff

Abstract. Continuous cultivation of soils of the semiarid tropics has led to significant land degradation. Soil erosion and nutrient loss caused by high runoff volumes have reduced crop yields and contributed to offsite damage. We compared a number of soil management practices (tillage, mulch and perennial/annual rotational based systems) for their potential to improve crop production and land resource protection in an Alfisol of the semiarid tropics of India. Runoff and soil erosion were monitored and surface soil and sediment were analysed for nitrogen and carbon to determine enrichment ratios. Amelioration of soils with organic additions (farmyard manure, rice straw) or rotating perennial pasture with annual crops increased soil carbon and nitrogen contents and reduced runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss. Soil erosion totalled less than 7 t ha^–1, but enrichment ratios were often greater than 2 resulting in up to 27 kg N ha^–1 and 178 kg C ha^–1 being lost in sediment. Up to an extra 250 mm of water per year infiltrated the soil with organic additions and was available for crop water use or percolation to groundwater. The results show that there are good opportunities for reducing degradation and increasing productivity on farms.     

子午岭林区林地和开垦地土壤侵蚀特征研究

利用大型坡面径流场和小流域的观测资料研究了子午岭林区林地开垦前后土壤侵蚀特征,其结果为林地土壤侵蚀很轻微,侵蚀强度小于15t/（km²·a）,径流模数小于2400m³/（km²·a）。地形和降雨特征对土壤侵蚀的影响不甚明显,植被和土壤成为影响土壤侵蚀的决定性因子。而当林地被开垦后,土壤侵蚀由自然植被覆盖下的自然侵蚀转变为人为加速侵蚀,侵蚀模数达1000t/（km²·a）以上,径流模数在27480m³/（km²·a）以上。降雨和地形特征对土壤侵蚀的影响非常明显。土壤加速侵蚀量与10min 或15min 最大雨强（Ⅰ₁₀或Ⅰ₁₅）的关系最为密切,坡面汇流增加,谷坡侵蚀产沙系数为27.7%。     

基于CSLE和抽样调查的泰国土壤水蚀评价

通过对泰国区域土壤侵蚀的定量评价,掌握泰国土壤水蚀特征,以期为泰国土壤侵蚀防控和相关研究提供技术和数据支撑。采用CSLE模型,基于30 m分辨率区域侵蚀因子综合运算完成泰国土壤水蚀速率计算(地图代数法制图),基于亚米级分辨率抽样调查完成抽样单元水蚀速率计算,再以抽样单元计算结果为参考,对地图代数制图结果进行直方图匹配,最终获得研究区土壤水蚀速率专题图。结果表明:(1)直方图匹配制图结果既保留了原有的空间分布特征,又具有准确的统计特征。(2)泰国平均土壤水蚀速率为687.9 t/(km²·a),是全球平均土壤水蚀速率的2.4倍,个别地区达到1 000 t/(km²·a)以上(占面积13.2%,占侵蚀总量72.0%),与全球平均水蚀速率相比,土壤水蚀较为严重,0.6%的区域年侵蚀量约占研究区侵蚀总量的21.5%,局部侵蚀剧烈。(3)在各土地利用类型中,耕地水蚀最为严重,平均水蚀速率高达1 020.2 t/(km²·a),水蚀速率>2 500 t/(km²·a)的热点地区84.1%区域为耕地。由此可知,泰国局部区域的土壤水蚀较为剧烈,耕地对区域水土流失的贡献较大。     

Control of erosion in a mature orchard

Abstract. During 1986 erosion on soil mulched with 6 t ha^-1 of straw was compared with that on soil maintained bare by herbicides in a mature apple orchard. The orchard was on well-drained soil with a sandy loam top on a slope of 2°. Erosion was greatest in the alleys between the trees, where traffic had compacted and smoothed the soil. The mean annual soil loss on bare ground in the alleys was 0.45 t ha^-1; straw mulch reduced this by 85%. Erosion was worst between July and October, when rainfall > 10 mm h^-1 was most frequent. However, differences in soil moisture and resistance to infiltration may have also contributed to differences in erosion throughout the year.     

Monitoring of water erosion on arable farms in England and Wales. 1990–94

Abstract. The incidence of soil water erosion was monitored in 12 erosion-susceptible arable catchments ( c . 80 fields) in England and Wales between 1990 and 1994. Factors associated with the initiation of erosion were recorded, and the extent of rills and gullies measured. Approximately 80% of the erosion events were on land cropped to winter cereals. In 30% of cases, the initiation of erosion was linked to valley floor features, which concentrated runoff. Poor crop cover, wheelings and tramlines were also assessed as contributory factors in 22%, 19% and 14% of cases, respectively. In c . 95% of cases rainfall events causing erosion were ≥10 mm day⁻¹ and c . 80% were >15 mm day⁻¹. Erosion was also associated with maximum rainfall intensities of >4 mm h⁻¹ for c . 90% of cases and >10 mm h⁻¹ for c . 20%. Mean net soil erosion rates were approximately 4 t ha⁻¹ per annum (median value 0.41 t ha⁻¹ per annum) and associated mean P losses 3.4 kg ha⁻¹.     

Efficacy of vegetative barriers for rehabilitation of degraded hill slopes in eastern India

Vegetative barriers have assumed greater importance world over for control of erosion as the mechanical measures are constrained by high costs and shorter life. However, performance of such erosion control measures is location specific. Hence, effect of stone bunds and vegetative barriers, viz, local grass sambuta (Saccharum spp.), vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) and hill broom (Thysanolaena maxima) on erosion, crop yield and soil properties in degraded hill slopes of Eastern Ghats of India, was studied for three consecutive years (2000–2002). Simultaneously, the morphological parameters of vegetative barriers were also evaluated. The analysis of the experimental data revealed that at 11% slope, sambuta and vetiver barriers reduced runoff and soil loss by 63.4 and 68.6%, respectively, over control (runoff 25.9% and soil loss 14.0 t ha⁻¹). However, the sambuta barriers resulted in increased yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana), enhanced organic carbon accumulation and available potassium in the soil when compared with rest of the conservation measures. Moreover, plant growth vigour was more in vetiver, root growth was better in sambuta and hill broom was the tallest plant amongst all barriers. Overall binding factor (395) and overall performance index (OPI) (0.9) of sambuta was the highest. The present investigation demonstrated the effectiveness of vegetative barriers in controlling soil erosion, and thereby improving crop yield and restoring soil fertility.     

山地茶园中不同种植模式对水土保持效果研究

重庆地区的山地茶园,在坡地等高种植的情况下,土壤年均侵蚀量在3198～27186 kg/hm²之间,随着坡度的增大,土壤侵蚀愈为严重,二者呈显著正相关;提高茶园土壤覆盖度可显著降低其水土流失量;梯型种植再辅以复合种植,是减少茶园中水土流失的最佳模式,其5～25°的茶园土壤年均侵蚀量在964.5～2613 kg/hm²之间,显著低于侵蚀标准     

Stone bunds for soil conservation in the northern Ethiopian highlands: Impacts on soil fertility and crop yield

In the Ethiopian highlands, large-scale stone bund building programs are implemented to curb severe soil erosion. Development of soil fertility gradients is often mentioned as the major drawback of stone bund implementation, as it would result in a dramatic lowering of crop yield. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to assess soil fertility gradients on progressive terraces and their influence on crop yield, in order to evaluate the long-term sustainability of stone bunds in the Ethiopian Highlands.

The study was performed near Hagere Selam, Tigray and comprises (i) measurement of P_av, N_tot and C_org along the slope on 20 representative plots and (ii) crop response measurement on 143 plots. Results indicate that levels of P_av, N_tot and C_org in the plough layer are highly variable between plots and mainly determined by small-scale soil and environmental features, plot history and management. After correcting for this “plot effect” a significant relationship (p < 0.01) was found between the position in the plot relative to the stone bund and levels of P_av and N_tot, which are higher near the lower stone bund, especially on limestone parent material. For C_org and on basalt-derived soils in general no significant relationship was found. Although soil fertility gradients are present, they are not problematic and can be compensated by adapted soil management. Only in areas where a Calcaric or Calcic horizon is present at shallow depth, care should be taken. Crop Yields increased by 7% compared to the situation without stone bunds, if a land occupation of 8% by the structures is accounted for. Yield increased from 632 to 683 kg ha⁻¹ for cereals, from 501 to 556 kg ha⁻¹ (11%) for Eragrostis tef and from 335 to 351 kg ha⁻¹ for Cicer arietinum.

No negative effects reducing stone-bund sustainability were found in this study. Soil erosion on the other hand, poses a major threat to agricultural productivity. Stone bund implementation therefore is of vital importance in fighting desertification and establishing sustainable agriculture in the Ethiopian highlands.     

Role of wheel tracks in runoff generation and erosion under vegetable production on a clay loam soil at Pukekohe, New Zealand

The effects of wheel traffic on soil surface hydraulic properties, and consequent effects on erosion, following planting of vegetable crops in beds have not been widely studied. This paper describes two trials to quantify how wheel tracks influence infiltration and erosion rates, and assesses the value of cultivating wheel tracks for reducing erosion. The trials were carried out under natural rainfall, on Dystric Nitosols with clay loam texture and strong, stable structure. Net rates of erosion from onion (Allium cepa L.) beds with cultivated or uncultivated inter-bed wheel tracks were measured with erosion pins and repeat topographic surveys of sediment trapped in silt fences. Infiltration rates in onion beds, cultivated and uncultivated wheel tracks, and changes in infiltration rates through winter, spring, and summer, were measured using the double-ring, ponded-water method.

Differences in erosion rate were only measured in the second trial in which erosion rate from the uncultivated treatment was 21 Mg ha⁻¹, compared to 1 Mg ha⁻¹ for the cultivated treatment. Erosion occurred through mobilisation of soil along the edge and base of the wheel tracks, with no evidence of erosion of the onion beds. Most of the eroded soil comprised soil aggregates, with 75% between 0.25 and 4 mm in diameter, suggesting soil was transported in runoff along the wheel tracks as stable aggregates. Uncultivated wheel tracks had very low infiltration rates compared to onion beds and cultivated wheel tracks. The differences in infiltration rates between cultivated and uncultivated wheel tracks were consistent in both trials, with minor differences due to rainfall patterns and the implements used to cultivate wheel tracks. There were clear trends in infiltration rates through time, with rates in the uncultivated wheel tracks increasing during the growing season from 1.4×10⁻⁷ to 2.1×10⁻⁵ ms⁻¹ and in onion beds from 1.1×10⁻⁴ to 2.5×10⁻⁴ ms⁻¹, while rates in the cultivated wheel tracks decreased from 1.7×10⁻² to 2.4×10⁻³ ms⁻¹. The major increase of infiltration rate in uncultivated wheel tracks occurred after October when the soil surface began to dry out, and frequent wetting and drying cycles caused the compacted surface soil to crack. Most erosion occurred in the winter/early spring period when storm frequency and rainfall intensity was highest, and infiltration rates in the uncultivated wheel tracks lowest. Cultivating wheel tracks is a simple and effective practice to increase infiltration of rainfall and reduce erosion rates on clay-rich, strongly structured soils.     

东大河小流域林地土壤侵蚀及养分特征研究

为探究滇池流域自实施退耕还林工程以来的林地土壤侵蚀及养分流失特征,本研究以滇池西南部东大河小流域为研究靶区,利用放射性核素¹³⁷Cs示踪技术,对该区域内林地的土壤侵蚀模数进行估算,分析养分含量变化,并主要探讨了坡度、植被覆盖率及土壤颗粒组成对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明,林地土壤剖面中的¹³⁷Cs比活度呈指数下降趋势,以自然侵蚀为主。流域林地总侵蚀量为69.28×10³ t·a^-1, 侵蚀强度以轻度侵蚀为主,侵蚀模数介于1 039.40~2 402.12 t·km^-2·a^-1。东大河流域林地总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)总流失量分别为1 963.5、209.1、98.94 t·a^-1,土壤TOC、TN含量与¹³⁷Cs比活度呈极显著正相关关系,物理迁移特征相似。土壤养分流失与土壤侵蚀规律较为一致。土壤侵蚀强度以及养分流失空间差异性较大。土壤黏粒含量与土壤侵蚀呈极显著负相关关系,坡度及植被覆盖率在一定范围内对土壤侵蚀的影响明显,坡度为10~25°以及植被覆盖率小于40%的林地中侵蚀状况相对严峻,平均侵蚀量约为1 709.85 t·km^-2·a^-1,需加强10~25°山地植被保护。本研究为减少当地水土流失,恢复生态以及继续推动退耕还林工程,保证退耕还林工程的效益提供了参考依据。     

Predicting soil erosion in conservation tillage cotton production systems using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE)

Despite being one of the most profitable crops for the southeastern USA, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is considered to create a greater soil erosion hazard than other annual crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Reduced tillage systems and cover cropping can reduce soil erosion and leaching of nutrients into ground water. The objectives of this study, which was conducted in north Alabama from 1996 to 1998, were to assess the impact of no-till and mulch-till systems with a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop and poultry litter on soil erosion estimates in cotton plots using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Soil erosion estimates in conventional till plots with or without a winter rye cover crop and ammonium nitrate fertilizer were double the 11 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ tolerance level for the Decatur series soils. However, using poultry litter as the N source (100 kg N ha⁻¹) gave soil erosion estimates about 50% below the tolerance level under conventional till. Doubling the N rate through poultry litter to 200 kg N ha⁻¹ under no-till system gave the lowest soil erosion estimate level. No-till and mulch-till gave erosion estimates which were about 50% of the tolerance level with or without cover cropping or N fertilization. This study shows that no-till and mulch-till systems with cover cropping and poultry litter can reduce soil erosion in addition to increasing cotton growth and lint yields, and thus improve sustainability of cotton soils in the southeastern USA.     

称钩河坝系流域水保措施减沙效益分析

以称钩河坝系流域降水、径流、泥沙和水土保持措施的5 a监测统计数据为依据,Quick Bird卫星影像为主要数据源,在ArcGIS 9.3及Region Manager 5.5软件支持下,研究该坝系流域降雨变化和水保措施对径流和产沙量变化的影响,分析坝系水土保持措施拦沙效益。结果表明:2007—2011年间,水土保持措施建设是该流域径流和侵蚀产沙减少的主要原因,其中坡面治理措施面积增加133.04 hm²,坝系流域总控制面积达到8 843.58 hm²,占流域总面积的54.80%。坝控范围内年平均侵蚀模数为18.80 t/km²,侵蚀模数减少5 581.20 t/km²。     

侵蚀性雨型分类及不同植被类型对棕壤坡面土壤侵蚀的影响

为探讨不同雨型下的植物措施对棕壤坡面土壤侵蚀特征的影响,利用k-均值聚类方法将2018—2019年山东省泰安市下港坡面径流场16次侵蚀性降雨进行分类,结合径流场产流、产沙等监测数据,分析了不同雨型对4种植被措施下坡面土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明：(1)以降雨历时、降雨量和平均雨强为特征指标,侵蚀性降雨可分为A类(长历时、大雨量、大雨强)、B类(中历时、中雨量、中雨强)和C类(短历时、小雨量、小雨强)3种雨型。(2)与种植玉米相比,A、B雨型下,减流量均呈现板栗花生间作>苹果树>李子树的趋势。在土壤流失量方面：A雨型下,与李子树相比,减沙量呈现板栗花生间作>苹果树>玉米的趋势;B雨型下,与玉米相比,板栗花生间作的减沙率为84.2%,李子树的减沙率为31.2%,苹果树的减沙率为85.1%;C雨型下,减沙量呈现苹果树>李子树>板栗花生间作的趋势。(3)种植玉米的坡耕地土壤侵蚀情况最为严重,平均每年的土壤流失量为18.04 t/hm²;与之相比,板栗花生间作可降低79.57%的土壤侵蚀率,苹果树和李子树可分别降低73.36%,18.55%的...     

A trial to determine the lime requirement for reseeded grassland on a peaty hill soil

Abstract. Lime was applied in summer 1981 at rates up to 201 ha⁻¹ prior to reseeding an unimproved peaty hill soil. A marked pH gradient with depth developed showing that 3 years after application lime had very little effect below a depth of 5 cm. Soil pH values for 0–7.5 cm samples were: nil lime-4.2; 1 t ha⁻¹-pH 4.3; 2 tha⁻¹-pH 4.6; 4 t ha⁻¹-pH 5.0; 6 t ha⁻¹-pH 5.6. In the 0–2.5 cm layer pH values were much higher.
In all years at least 80% of maximum yield was achieved from an initial application of 21 ha⁻¹ lime. Botanical analysis showed that maximum persistence of sown species, perennial ryegrass and timothy, occurred from 2 t ha⁻¹ lime; 6 t ha⁻¹ lime was necessary for maximum persistence of clover. Lime application had only small effects on the mineral composition of the herbage.     

祁连山南坡土壤侵蚀时空变化及迁移特征分析

土壤侵蚀是威胁人类生态环境及社会经济的重要因子。为实现土地资源更加有效的保护与治理,基于RUSLE模型和GIS/RS空间信息技术,分析和讨论了祁连山南坡2000—2019年土壤侵蚀时空变化及土壤侵蚀重心迁移特征。结果表明:祁连山南坡土壤侵蚀模数在空间变化上整体呈现出由西北向东南递减的趋势,土壤侵蚀模数平均值由2000年的1 966.63 t/(km²·a)增加至2005年的3 228.51 t/(km²·a),最后下降至2019年的2 299.06 t/(km²·a); 草地土壤侵蚀量最大,为2.65×10⁷～4.25×10⁷ t/a,虽侵蚀较为严重,但土壤侵蚀重心并未发生较大的迁移,五县中祁连县土壤侵蚀最为严重且重心迁移距离最大,侵蚀量为3.01×10⁷～4.83×10⁷ t/a,共迁移351.89 m,迁移速率为17.59 m/a,说明祁连县土壤侵蚀不稳定,土壤低级侵蚀更容易向高级侵蚀转化; 土地利用类型中冰川迁移最大为367.78 m,迁移速率为18.39 m/a。综合得出,对于土壤侵蚀较轻且重心迁移不大的区域可以采取定点治理,对于祁连县应长时间监测,全力推进祁连县水土保持综合治理工程,缓解水土流失; 相较于其他生态系统,对于草地与林地应加强治理。     

Wind tunnel test and Cs tracing study on wind erosion of several soils in Tibet

The soils of alpine meadows and alpine grassland steppes, aeolian soils, coarse-grained soils, and farm soils cultivated from alpine grasslands in Tibet are typical soils that are suffering from different degrees of soil erosion by wind. Based on field investigations, wind tunnel experiments, and a ¹³⁷Cs trace study, this work tested the erodibility of these soils by wind, simulated the protective functions of natural vegetation and the accelerative effects of damage by livestock, woodcutting, and cultivation on erosion, and estimated erosion rates from 1963 to 2001. The results indicated that alpine meadows have the strongest resistance to wind erosion, and that undamaged alpine meadow soils generally sustain only weak or no wind erosion. Alpine grassland steppes with good vegetation cover and little damage by humans exhibit good resistance to wind erosion and suffered from only slight erosion. However, soil erodibility increased remarkably in response to serious disturbance by livestock and woodcutting; wind erosion reached 33.03 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The erodibility of semi-stabilized aeolian soil and mobile aeolian soil was highest, at 52.17 and 56.4 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. The mean erosion rates of coarse-grained soil with various levels of vegetation coverage and of farm soil were intermediate, at 45.85 and 51.33 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. Restricting livestock, woodcutting, and excessive grassland cultivation are the keys to controlling wind erosion in Tibet. In agricultural regions, taking protective cultivation and management to enhance surface roughness is a useful way to control wind erosion.     

坡长对贵州喀斯特区黄壤坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响

为揭示坡长对喀斯特坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响作用,根据贵州省毕节石桥小流域水土保持监测点监测资料,研究了坡长为5,10,15,20,25 m的径流小区在次降雨条件下土壤侵蚀随坡长的变化规律。结果表明:喀斯特坡耕地坡面年内径流深随坡长增加表现为先减小后增大再减小;次降雨量小于30 mm时,径流深随着坡长的增加先增大后减小;次降雨量大于30 mm时,径流深随坡长增加表现为先减小后增大再减小。年内平均土壤侵蚀模数随着坡长的变化呈现一次函数关系的增长,拟合度R²=0.9217;次降雨量小于30 mm时,土壤侵蚀模数随着坡长的变化呈现先急剧增加后减小的趋势,峰值出现在10 m;次降雨量大于30 mm时,土壤侵蚀模数随着坡长的变化亦呈现一次函数的增长关系,拟合度R²=0.9146。在最大30 min雨强为25 mm/h和41.4 mm/h条件下,随着坡长的增加,径流深均表现为先减小后增大再减小,土壤侵蚀模数均表现为先增大后减小。