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1.
空间环境对紫花苜蓿的生物学效应   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用返回式卫星搭载2个不同基因型的紫花苜蓿品种的干种子,观察其细胞有丝分裂数和微核数与对照的差别。结果表明,空间环境促进了苜蓿种子根尖细胞的有丝分裂活动,并有一定数量的微核产生;空间搭载还引起了紫花苜蓿发芽率和苗期致畸率的变化;同时在田间分枝数和鲜重产量指标上品种间变化不同。在细胞学和苗期变异上,肇东苜蓿对辐射敏感性大于龙牧803,在田间分枝数和鲜重产量上肇东苜蓿的损伤程度高于对照,大于龙牧803。  相似文献   

2.
分别用109、145、195、284和560Gy5个剂量的60Coγ射线和高能混合粒子场处理龙牧803紫花苜蓿干种子,种植后田间观察,测定株高、鲜草产量和品质含量来比较2种不同诱变方法所造成的损伤效应。结果表明,高能混合粒子场处理过的植株在株高和产量上均高于同剂量γ射线处理的植株;而γ射线处理组的粗纤维含量普遍低于高能混合粒子场处理组,粗蛋白含量普遍高于高能混合粒子场处理组;粗脂肪含量在低剂量条件下(109、145和195Gy)γ射线处理高于高能混合粒子场处理,高剂量(284~560Gy)条件下则低于高能混合粒子场处理。  相似文献   

3.
不同紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
通过对国内外12个紫花苜蓿品种不同刈次的鲜草产量、干草产量以及营养成分的研究,结果表明:引进种与当地品种会宁的干草产量、粗蛋白质含量、粗纤维含量、粗灰分含量存在显著差异。粗蛋白质含量最高的是会宁,其次为WL-323HO、WL-323ML、阿尔冈金、金皇后、苜蓿王;干草产量最高的是西香,其次为阿尔冈金、苜蓿王、WL-323、WL-323ML;头茬、二茬的品质优于三茬。  相似文献   

4.
分别用109、145、195、284和560Gy 5个剂量的60Co γ射线和高能混合粒子场处理龙牧803紫花苜蓿干种子,种植后田间观察,测定株高、鲜草产量和品质含量来比较2种不同诱变方法所造成的损伤效应.结果表明,高能混合粒子场处理过的植株在株高和产量上均高于同剂量γ射线处理的植株;而γ射线处理组的粗纤维含量普遍低于高能混合粒子场处理组,粗蛋白含量普遍高于高能混合粒子场处理组;粗脂肪含量在低剂量条件下(109、145和195Gy)γ射线处理高于高能混合粒子场处理,高剂量(284~560Gy)条件下则低于高能混合粒子场处理.  相似文献   

5.
分别利用0、1000、1500和2000Gy60Coγ射线处理3个品种的紫花苜蓿种子,对同一剂量不同品种或同一品种不同剂量间辐照情况相比较,研究苜蓿根尖细胞的生物学效应。实验结果表明,γ射线辐照苜蓿种子可以抑制根尖细胞有丝分裂,并诱发根尖细胞产生单微核、双微核、多微核、小核、染色体断片、染色体粘连、单桥、双桥、多桥、游离染色体、落后染色体等多种畸变。同一辐照剂量下,龙牧803苜蓿对γ射线辐照敏感性最强。在0~2000Gy范围内,随剂量的增加各种畸变率不断提高,至2000Gy辐照剂量时,各种畸变率达到最高。  相似文献   

6.
零磁空间诱变是一种地面模拟空间零磁场的诱变育种方法。为研究零磁空间处理对紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响,以4种紫花苜蓿种子为试验材料,经零磁空间处理180 d后,测定种子活力,并以当代试材为对象,研究其农艺性状及生理指标变化。结果表明,零磁空间诱变对苜蓿种子萌发具有抑制作用,而对幼苗苗长和根长的影响因品种不同而异;零磁空间诱变处理对供试品种农艺性状的影响也不同,诱变处理抑制了驯鹿和龙牧806苜宿株高,而促进了肇东和敖汉苜蓿株高,提高了所有供试品种的分枝数以及生物产量,降低了茎叶比,而对干鲜比影响不明显。经诱变处理后植株叶片过氧化物酶活性显著提高,过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性因品种不同变化不同,丙二醛浓度变化不明显。表明诱变变异因品种自身特性不同而异,通过诱变处理可以改良当代苜蓿农艺性状。本研究结果为后代选育有益变异株系提供了技术参考。  相似文献   

7.
经NaN3诱变获得的大豆叶绿素缺失突变体HS 821,其植株高度约为原品种的1/2,节位数、叶片大小、叶柄长度、单株荚数、粒数、粒重都较原品种低,但结荚密集,表现出一定的田间抗虫性;成熟期比原品种提早约10d。突变体表现为叶片黄化,叶片叶绿素平均含量是原品种的71%,但叶绿素a/b比值不变,为2∶1,表明该突变体是总叶绿素缺陷型。突变体的SOD活性和脯氨酸含量都比其原品种高,但MDA含量则较原品种含量低,表明突变体具有较强的抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

8.
灌溉和施磷对紫花苜蓿干草产量及营养成分的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用完全随机裂区设计,灌溉[常规灌溉(330mm)、节水20%灌溉(264mm)和节水40%灌溉(198mm)]作为主处理,施磷(0,60,120,180kg/hm2)作为副处理,研究不同灌溉量和施磷量对紫花苜蓿干草产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗灰分的影响。结果表明,紫花苜蓿干草产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量随灌溉量增加而增加,粗纤维含量随灌溉量增加而降低;紫花苜蓿干草产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量随施磷量增加先增加后降低,粗纤维含量随施磷量增加先降低后增加。当施磷量达到60kg/hm2时,种植第3年的紫花苜蓿粗蛋白含量(23.87%)和粗脂肪含量(2.48%)均达到最大值;当施磷量达到120kg/hm2时,种植第3年的紫花苜蓿干草产量(19 114kg/hm2)达到最大值。  相似文献   

9.
闽引圆叶决明辐射变异后代新品系(86134-32-3)的若干特性   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
从60Coγ射线辐射闽引圆叶决明86134牧草种子种植后代中筛选出性状稳定的优良变异后代新品系86134-32-3。M4代田间小区品比试验表明,与原品种86134相比,新品系植株叶子生长数、干物质含量、粗脂肪含量、氨基酸总量和单位产量都有大幅度的提高,达到显著或极显著水平;其植株茎叶比大幅度下降。新品系植株的其余营养成分、包括生殖生长期在内的农艺性状均保持原品种特性。  相似文献   

10.
苜蓿接种根瘤菌和施肥对铁尾矿砂基质改良效果的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用裂区试验设计方法,以铁尾矿砂为生长基质进行紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)盆栽试验,探讨了紫花苜蓿接种不同根瘤菌菌株和施肥水平对紫花苜蓿生长的影响,以筛选出明显促进紫花苜蓿生长的根瘤菌菌株与施肥水平的最佳组合。在最佳组合条件下,研究了紫花苜蓿连续种植2a后铁尾矿基质理化性质和生物学特性的变化。结果表明:(1)接种根瘤菌明显促进了紫花苜蓿根瘤重、根鲜重、地上部鲜重、株高的提高,其中以接种菌株17676的效果明显。(2)施肥对紫花苜蓿的生长有显著的促进作用。随着施肥水平的提高,紫花苜蓿的各项生长指标均逐渐增大,在5%施肥水平时最高,并且在5%施肥水平时紫花苜蓿地上部鲜重和株高与2.5%和1%2个施肥水平间差异显著。2.5%施肥水平下,紫花苜蓿根瘤重最大,但与5%施肥水平差异不显著。表明5%施肥水平对促进紫花苜蓿生长的效果最佳。(3)与对照(裸尾矿砂)相比,在5%施肥水平条件下,种植接种17676菌株的紫花苜蓿后,铁尾矿砂基质的理化性质和生物学特性均有了极为明显的改善(P0.01)。其中,容重显著下降,田间持水量和总孔隙度明显提高,pH值显著下降并接近中性,有机质和速效养分(碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)含量显著提高,基质中的细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量以及土壤酶(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和纤维素酶)活性明显提高。(4)与播种当年相比,种植紫花苜蓿2a的铁尾矿砂基质的理化性质和生物学特性均有不同程度的改善。其中,除了细菌和真菌数量以及有机质和碱解氮含量的提高效果不明显外,其他各项指标均达到了显著水平。表明5%有机肥水平条件下种植接种17676菌株的紫花苜蓿对铁尾矿砂基质的改良效果显著,紫花苜蓿种植年限对铁尾矿砂基质的改良效果也有重要作用。  相似文献   

11.
绿肥中养分释放规律及对烟叶品质的影响   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29       下载免费PDF全文
王岩  刘国顺 《土壤学报》2006,43(2):273-279
在田间条件下利用埋设玻璃滤纸包法研究了绿肥翻压后的分解规律及其翻压绿肥对烟叶品质的影响。结果表明,经过13周的分解,苜蓿中有机C的矿化率高达81%,N素矿化率为54%;黑麦草有机C的矿化率为63%,N素矿化率为22%。这些矿化N中约92%的N(苜蓿)和74%的N(黑麦草)是在翻压后的前6周释放的。在烟株的整个生长期内,由苜蓿释放的N素约为N43奴hm^-2,为了防止后期N素供应过多而导致上部烟叶烟碱含量过高,苜蓿宜提前翻压并从总N肥施用量中扣除由苜蓿矿化出的N。黑麦草因N素含量低和N素矿化量少,整个生长季中约释放了N10.5kghm^-2的N素,所以在黑麦草生长量不大的情况下,可将黑麦草全部翻压并忽略其释放的N素。 在没有减少化肥施用量的情况下,翻压苜蓿提高了上部烟叶中烟碱含量,降低了总糖和还原糖含量。而翻压黑麦草对烟叶中烟碱含量有所降低,总糖和还原糖含量适中,因而烟叶的品质得到了改善。  相似文献   

12.
Drought is a major environmental factor hampering alfalfa productivity worldwide. Gene banks provide an array of trait diversity, frequently consisting of specific seed collection projects that focused on acquiring germplasm adapted to specific traits such as drought tolerance. These subsets provide a logical starting point to identify useful breeding resources. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity and evaluated 18 agronomic, physiological and quality traits associated with drought tolerance in a subset of 198 alfalfa accessions collected for their potential drought resistance. Significant differences were found among accessions for most of the traits evaluated. Water deficit significantly decreased biomass dry yield by 61.9% compared with well-watered control. A positive correlation was found between relative water content (RWC) and drought susceptible index, while negative correlations were found between RWC and leaf senescence (LS), and between RWC and canopy temperature (CT). Alfalfa accessions with high RWC showed relative lower yield reduction, cooler CT and delayed LS. Genetic variation for forage quality was also investigated and the correlation between agronomic and quality traits was analyzed. Biomass yield under drought was negatively correlated with total protein, relative feed value and relative forage quality, suggesting that the efforts to improve yield under drought tend to negatively affect forage quality. Therefore, maintaining forage quality should be considered for breeding alfalfa with drought resistance. Alfalfa accessions with high drought resistance scores and minimum loss of quality were identified in this study and can be used as genetic resources for developing alfalfa varieties with improved drought resistance and water use efficiency while maintaining forage quality.  相似文献   

13.
东北农牧交错带种植苜蓿与玉米综合效益研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究表明种植苜蓿当年干物质量仅为玉米干物质量的48.8%,而粗蛋白质量较玉米高66.3%,其投入及产出均低于种植玉米,其净产值与种植玉米接近;0~30cm土层内苜蓿根干物质量为玉米的3.06倍,苜蓿地土壤容重、孔隙度分别为玉米地的95.53%和104.81%,pH较玉米地下降0.1;0~20cm土层内苜蓿地土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量均低于玉米地,速效钾含量则高于玉米地;春季苜蓿地土壤风蚀量仅为玉米地的41.81%。  相似文献   

14.
In agricultural headlands, rooting and yield of crops may be limited because of soil‐structure changes as a consequence of multiple passes of turning machinery. We hypothesized that perennial forage crops can substantially alter soil structure in agricultural headlands. On one experimental field and two commercial farms on Haplic Luvisols from respectively loess and sandy loess in the Lower Rhine Bay (Germany), we investigated how 4 y of continuously grown grass/clover or alfalfa affected soil structure and the performance of subsequent spring wheat. Compared with a crop rotation with annual plowing to 30 cm soil depth, perennial forage crops led to increased soil C content (+1.3% to +22.8%) and N content (+4.2% to +15.1%), higher densities of medium and coarse biopores at a depth of 35 cm, more large water‐stable soil macroaggregates, higher biomass and abundance of anecic earthworms, and higher grain yield and grain protein content of spring wheat grown as the following crop. Root‐length density of spring wheat in the subsoil was not affected by the preceding perennial fodder crops in two of the three field trials. We concluded that besides increasing N input to the soil, perennial cropping of grass/clover or alfalfa has effects on soil structure that may substantially reduce yield losses in agricultural headlands.  相似文献   

15.
灌水和生长调节剂对有色小麦产量和品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以有色小麦皖麦38、绿麦1号和kz6061为材料,在大田条件下,研究灌水和生长调节剂对有色小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,灌水处理对有色小麦千粒重、容重、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量影响不显著,灌3水较灌2水处理显著提高有色小麦醇溶蛋白含量,而显著降低干、湿面筋含量。不同粒色小麦的籽粒产量和蛋白质产量差异显著,kz6061的籽粒产量和蛋白质产量均显著高于皖麦38和绿麦1号。蛋白质及其组分含量、沉降值、面筋含量和面筋指数在不同粒色小麦中差异显著,沉降值和面筋指数以皖麦38最高,干、湿面筋含量以kz6061最高。生长调节剂处理对皖麦38的清蛋白和球蛋白,绿麦1号的球蛋白,kz6061的清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量均有一定影响,对有色小麦面筋指数亦有显著影响。  相似文献   

16.
喷施硫酸锰对紫花苜蓿草产量和品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用叶面喷施的方法,研究了喷施不同浓度锰对紫花苜蓿草产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,喷施硫酸锰可显著(P<0.05)提高苜蓿草产量,以喷施锰浓度为100 mg/kg效果最好,年总产量达14 268.88 kg/hm2,产量比对照提高24.0%。喷施硫酸锰可以显著提高苜蓿粗蛋白的含量,当喷施浓度为100 mg/kg时效果最显著;而喷施锰肥后苜蓿粗灰分有所降低;粗纤维含量有增加的趋势;不同茬次对粗脂肪含量影响效果有较大差异,以200 mg/kg(Mn2)处理更能提高粗脂肪含量;喷施锰肥对无氮浸出物含量影响不明显。营养物质的年积累量均以喷施浓度为100 mg/kg时最高。  相似文献   

17.
水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
【目的】紫花苜蓿作为畜牧业生产中最主要的优质绿色饲料,是发展草食畜牧业的物质基础,同时它也是一种需水需肥较多的作物。如何从技术方面提高单位面积苜蓿产量,实现苜蓿高产栽培是科学研究人员及生产者研究的重点。北京市东南部接壤的蓟县、宝坻及南部接壤的廊坊、武清等地区,是北京市在生态和环境优先发展原则下畜牧养殖业外移的重要承接区域,苜蓿在当地种植缺乏科学指导,年干重产量仅为7500~10000 kg/hm2,盐碱地年产量更低,为4500~6000 kg/hm2。本研究通过苜蓿水肥试验确立紫花苜蓿达到高产的最佳磷肥施用水平和灌水量,为京南地区苜蓿高产及水肥的高效利用提供可借鉴的水肥管理技术。【方法】实验在低磷砂壤土条件下进行,选用紫花苜蓿中苜2号品种,设置全生育期不灌水(W0)、以及返青后及第1、2茬刈割后灌水且每次灌水25 mm (W1)、50 mm (W2)、75 mm (W3)4个灌水处理;每个灌水处理下设置不施磷(F0)、施P2O5 105 kg/hm2(F1)、210 kg/hm2(F2)3个施磷量处理,研究了灌水和施磷对紫花苜蓿产量、水分和磷肥利用效率的影响。【结果】1)灌水对1、2茬苜蓿产量的影响有显著差异,对3、4茬及全年产量的影响无显著差异;施磷肥对第3茬苜蓿产量没有显著影响,但对第1、2、4茬及全年苜蓿产量的影响均存在显著差异。2)灌水和施磷肥对紫花苜蓿的水分和肥料利用效率均有显著影响,随着施磷量的增加,苜蓿的水分利用率逐渐增大,说明施磷可以提高水分利用效率;随着灌水量的增加,苜蓿的磷肥利用效率呈先增加后降低的趋势,说明适当的增加灌水量可以提高苜蓿的磷肥利用效率。【结论】综合考虑紫花苜蓿产量、水分和肥料利用效率等指标,最优试验处理为每次灌水量50 mm,施P2O5 210 kg/hm2,其次为每次灌水量25 mm, 施P2O5 210 kg/hm2。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

A field study evaluating the effects of gypsum and water management on the survival, yield, and protein content of selected species of marsh vegetation was conducted on an open area inundated by brackish water near Hackberry, Cameron Parish, Louisiana. The overall growth and yield response of four species of marsh vegetation: joint grass (Paspalum vaginatum SW.), marsh hay cordgrass (Spartina patens Muh L.), salt grass (Distichlis spicata L.), and American three square (Scirpus americanus Pers.) to gypsum addition (0 versus 7 Mg/ha) and water management (flooded versus non‐flooded plots) were statistically evaluated.

Soil drying was detrimental to the overall growth and yield of all marsh vegetation. There was zero plant survival in the non‐flooded plots except the marsh hay cordgrass with a survival rate of 32.8 %.

Plots receiving 7 Mg gypsum/ha had significantly higher dry matter production than the control. Gypsum application increased dry yield of joint grass (5.44 to 8.08 Mg/ha), marsh hay cordgrass (1.90 to 6.91 Mg/ha), salt grass (0.97 to 2.79 Mg/ha) and three‐square (1.55 to 2.84 Mg/ha) in flooded plots. The yield of marsh hay cordgrass, the only surviving species in the non‐flooded plots, produced a yield increase of 0.40 Mg/ha in response to gypsum. Significantly higher survival rates were observed in flooded plots treated with gypsum than in the non‐flooded plots receiving no gypsum. The mean survival rate for the gypsum‐ treated plots was 68.2%, as opposed to 21.9% for the untreated plots.  相似文献   

19.
Genetic and environmental factors lead to a variation in yield and protein content of dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. The quality of seed, particularly seed vigor, also influences the establishment of crop and thus final grain yield. The area and production for dry peas are increasing in the Northern Great Plains but knowledge is lacking on how the pea lines/varieties differ in the seed vigor at seven leaf stage. This field and greenhouse study evaluated the eight dry pea lines/varieties for seedling vigor indices and correlated them with grain yield and protein concentrations. Significant differences were observed among the lines/varieties for nodule number plant?1 in greenhouse, and grain yield in field conditions. The highest number of nodules plant?1 was obtained with the line MT632, which were at par with lines MT457, and MT190. The highest Vigor Index I was achieved with line MT632 associated with their more shoot lengths as compared to other lines/varieties. The highest Vigor Index II was obtained by variety Majoret and line MT632. The variety DS Admiral yielded 5205 kg ha?1, which was 17.4 and 33.3% higher than lines MT460 and MT190, respectively. The highest seed protein content was obtained with variety Majoret (23.4%) having highest Vigor Index II and seed yield (4940 kg ha?1) at par with variety DS Admiral. The lowest seed protein was found with variety DS Admiral (20.3%). The line named MT190 showed lowest yield potential along with the lower protein contents also. Studies show a positive and significant correlation between biomass and Vigor Index I only. Plant nitrogen uptake was positively and significantly correlated with biomass and Vigor Index I in greenhouse only. The results also indicated that seed vigor indices did not reveal any significant correlations with dry peas yield and protein content, so more efforts are needed to evaluate varieties for higher yield and protein content during initial stages of growth in order to maximize their acreage and productivity.  相似文献   

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