春石斛兰类原球茎分化过程中抗氧化酶活性和可溶性蛋白的变化

以春石斛兰(Dendrobium nobileSw.)为试材,研究了类原球茎在分化芽和根系发生过程中抗氧化酶系统中多种酶活性及可溶性蛋白的变化规律。结果表明,在分化过程中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、愈创木酚过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和可溶性蛋白含量均呈现先降后升的趋势;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则呈现先升后降的变化。对过氧化物酶同工酶和可溶性蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳发现,在分化过程中均有新谱带的产生或原有谱带的消失。     

水杨酸诱导下人参培养物差异表达基因片段的克隆

本研究以人参愈伤悬浮细胞为材料,在其生长的第28天添加1×10^-3mg／L水杨酸,测定水杨酸添加后,过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶等3种酶在72h内的变化及皂苷含量,结果表明：水杨酸添加后对过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活力影响最大,分别在24h和48h达到最大峰值,在18h开始影响多酚氧化酶的活力,培养物生长的第28天添加水杨酸可以明显提高人参愈伤组织中皂苷的合成。确定添加水杨酸后24h提取总RNA,进行cDNA-RDA分析,筛选差异片段。确定差异基因并在GenBank中注册,注册号为FE900130。为探讨水杨酸作为诱导子对人参次生代谢的影响奠定基础。     

60Co γ辐照与NO复合处理对杂交石斛类原球茎生长和生物碱合成的影响

摘要：以杂交石斛类原球茎为材料,硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside, SNP）为NO的供体,研究了60Co γ辐照和ＳＮＰ复合处理对石斛悬浮培养类原球茎的生长和生物碱合成的影响。结果表明,60Co　γ和ＳＮＰ单独或复合处理都能促进类原球茎生物碱的合成,且复合处理对石斛类原球茎生物碱的合成有一定的累加效应, 但类原球茎生长减缓。适宜的复合处理组合为01mmol/L SNP+10Gy60Co γ辐照,此时类原球茎生物碱含量高达00676%,与各因素单独处理差异显著,单位培养基生物碱产量为对照组的635倍。NO抑制剂L NAME和cPTIO均能抑制各处理组合对类原球茎生物碱合成的促进作用。复合处理影响类原球茎抗氧化酶POD、SOD、CAT活性,从而调控石斛类原球茎生长和生物碱合成。     

壳聚糖处理对采后梅杏贮藏品质的影响

为了探讨壳聚糖对采后杏果实贮藏保鲜的作用,以梅杏果实为试材,主要研究了0.75 g/L壳聚糖处理和对照处理对其采后生理和细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明：壳聚糖处理与对照相比,降低了果实的腐烂率,抑制了果实的变软,保持了较高可溶性固形物含量以及较高的过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）等保护酶的活性,而降低了多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase, PPO）的活性和超氧阴离子产生速率。此外,0.75 g/L壳聚糖处理在贮藏过程中可较好地保持梅杏果肉细胞的结构和功能,从而延缓杏果实衰老的进程,为壳聚糖在杏贮藏保鲜中的应用提供参考。     

60Coγ辐照与NO复合处理对杂交石斛类原球茎生长和生物碱合成的影响

以杂交石斛类原球茎为材料,硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)为NO的供体,研究了60Coγ辐照和SNP复合处理对石斛悬浮培养类原球茎的生长和生物碱合成的影响.结果表明,60Coγ和SNP单独或复合处理都能促进类原球茎生物碱的合成,且复合处理对石斛类原球茎生物碱的合成有一定的累加效应,但类原球茎生长减缓.适宜的复合处理组合为0.1mmol/L SNP+10Gy60Coγ辐照,此时类原球茎生物碱含量高达0.0676%,与各因素单独处理差异显著,单位培养基生物碱产量为对照组的6.35倍.NO抑制剂L-NAME和cPTIO均能抑制各处理组合对类原球茎生物碱合成的促进作用.复合处理影响类原球茎抗氧化酶POD、SOD、CAT活性,从而调控石斛类原球茎生长和生物碱合成.     

长期离体培养的春石斛兰类原球茎生长及生根条件的优化

为解决春石斛兰(Dendrobium nobile)类原球茎(protocorm-like body,简称PLB)长时期离体培养后生长缓慢、形成的嫩梢瘦小及根系难于发生等问题,本文从生长调节剂、有机添加物、蔗糖和嫩梢高度等因子,对PLB的增殖、生长与生根等方面进行了系统研究。结果表明:0.5mg/L BA最适合PLB增殖和生长;20g/L的蔗糖最适合嫩梢的生根;IBA虽在一定程度上促进生根,但嫩梢高度才是决定生根的关键,2.5cm的嫩稍在添加0.05mg/L的IBA的培养基上,生根率提高到51.11%;鲜重增长倍数与PLB增殖倍数的比值(F/P值)是衡量PLB正常生长与否的一个重要指标,F/P≥0.6时,PLB生长健壮。     

镉对黄瓜幼苗光合作用、抗氧化酶和氮代谢的影响

采用营养液培养的方法,研究了不同浓度镉（Cd）处理对黄瓜幼苗植株生长、光合作用、抗氧化酶以及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着Cd处理浓度的增加,黄瓜植株生长受到明显抑制,叶绿素a、b、类萝卜素含量显著降低;Cd处理使净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）下降,而细胞间CO2（Ci）升高。高浓度Cd处理显著降低了黄瓜的原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)。10和100 mol/L的Cd处理使抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶（CAT、）愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性均有不同程度的提高,而当Cd浓度达到200 mol/L,抗氧化酶的活性均受到显著抑制。随着Cd处理浓度的增加,硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰氨合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）活性均受到明显抑制。     

莲藕膨大过程中褐变酶活性的变化

本实验以3个熟性不同的莲藕品种为材料,研究了莲藕膨大过程中褐变酶活性的变化。实验表明:随着膨大节数的增加,过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性增加;第4节藕体随着采收时间的推迟,褐变酶活性增加,且熟性不同品种之间有明显差异。并探讨了品种熟性、藕体大小和环境条件对莲藕褐变酶的影响。     

松嫩盐碱草地主要植物群落土壤酶活性研究

对松嫩盐碱草地不同植物群落土壤酶活性及其与土壤养分的关系进行了研究,结果表明,不同植物群落土壤酶活性变化趋势不同,过氧化氢酶在碱蓬群落中具最大活性.多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性在碱斑裸地、碱蓬群落、碱蓬-虎尾草群落中活性较高,蛋白酶、转化酶及碱性磷酸酶活性在羊草-寸草苔群落及双子叶杂草群落中的活性较高;多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、蛋白酶、转化酶及碱性磷酸酶活性间有显著的相关关系;多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、蛋白酶、转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和土壤全氮、碱解氮、有机质、速效磷间有显著相关关系.     

外源水杨酸对冷藏枇杷果实木质化及相关酶活性的影响

以“解放钟”枇杷为试材，研究了外源水杨酸(SA)对4℃冷藏枇杷果实木质化的影响。试验结果表明：采用1.0 g/L SA浸果20 min处理能抑制枇杷果实苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性，从而抑制果实木质素的形成，降低果实硬度，说明SA具有减缓冷藏枇杷果实木质化的作用。     

Inhibition of apple polyphenol oxidase activity by procyanidins and polyphenol oxidation products

The rate of consumption of dissolved oxygen by apple polyphenol oxidase in cider apple juices did not correlate with polyphenol oxidase activity in the fruits and decreased faster than could be explained by the decrease of its polyphenolic substrates. The kinetics parameters of a crude polyphenol oxidase extract, prepared from apple (Braeburn cultivar), were determined using caffeoylquinic acid as a substrate. Three apple procyanidin fractions of n 80, 10.5, and 4 were purified from the parenchyma of cider apples of various cultivars. Procyanidins, caffeoylquinic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and a mixture of caffeoylquinic acid and (-)-epicatechin were oxidized by reaction with caffeoylquinic acid o-quinone in order to form oxidation products. All the fractions were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on PPO activity. Native procyanidins inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity, the inhibition intensity increasing with n. The polyphenol oxidase activity decreased by 50% for 0.026 g/L of the fraction of n 80, 0.17 g/L of the fraction of n 10.5, and 1 g/L of the fraction of n 4. The inhibitory effect of oxidized procyanidins was twice that of native procyanidins. Oxidation products of caffeoylquinic acid and (-)-epicatechin also inhibited polyphenol oxidase.     

Growth and anthraquinone production of Morinda elliptica cell suspension cultures in a stirred-tank bioreactor

The effects of medium strategy, number of impellers, aeration mode, and mode of operation on Morinda elliptica cell suspension cultures in a stirred-tank bioreactor are described. A lower number of impellers and continuous aeration contributed toward high cell growth rate, whereas a higher number of impellers reduced cell growth rate, although not anthraquinone yield. The semicontinuous mode could indirectly imitate the larger scale version of production medium strategy and improved anthraquinone production even with 0. 012% (v/v) antifoam addition. Production medium promoted both growth (maximum dry cell weight of 24.6 g/L) and anthraquinone formation (maximum content of 19.5 mg/g of dry cell weight), without any necessity for antifoam addition. Cultures in production medium or with higher growth rate and anthraquinone production were less acidic than cultures in growth medium or with lower growth rate and anthraquinone production. Using the best operating variables, growth of M. elliptica cells (24.6 g/L) and anthraquinone yield (0.25 g/L) were 45% and 140%, respectively, lower than those using a shake flask culture after 12 days of cultivation.     

NO对石斛类原球茎内源激素水平及生物碱积累的影响

以杂交石斛类原球茎为材料,硝普钠（SNP）为NO的供体,研究了SNP处理对石斛类原球茎的内源激素水平及生物碱积累的影响。结果表明,SNP处理促进了类原球茎生物碱的积累,处理组类原球茎的生物碱含量比对照提高了41.89%,但类原球茎生长受到一定的抑制; SNP处理刺激类原球茎内源激素水平升高,同时苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性显著增强,从而调控石斛类原球茎生物碱的积累;通径分析表明,多种内源激素通过相互作用调控石斛类原球茎生物碱的积累,水杨酸（SA）对生物碱含量的直接正效应排在首位。     

大豆低植酸突变体籽粒的抗氧化性分析

植酸具有较强的抗氧化能力,对作物籽粒的耐储性和活力均具有重要作用,但其作用机制尚不明确。为揭示大豆低植酸突变体和野生型亲本中抗氧化代谢产物的差异,本研究以低植酸突变体Gm-lpa-ZC-2、Gm-lpa-TW-1、Gm-lpa-TW-1-M,以及野生型亲本浙春3号、台湾75为材料,分析大豆籽粒发育过程中植酸含量对抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,大豆籽粒发育过程中的总抗氧化能力受过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活力的影响较大,而非酶类氧化剂谷胱甘肽对总抗氧化能力影响较小。随着籽粒的成熟,脂质氧化物、丙二醛与蛋白羰基化产物的含量逐渐增加。低植酸突变体Gm-lpa-ZC-2、Gm-lpa-TW-1-M和亲本浙春3号、台湾75的总抗氧化能力较强,且籽粒活力也较高;而低植酸突变体Gm-lpa-TW-1的总抗氧化能力最弱,且籽粒活力也最弱,说明大豆籽粒抗氧化水平与籽粒活力呈正相关,但与植酸含量无相关关系。由此推测植酸并非影响大豆籽粒抗氧化能力和活力的直接因素。本研究结果为进一步探索低植酸作物的籽粒活力下降机制,培育高籽粒活力低植酸大豆品种提供了参考。     

不同浓度乙烯利处理对甘蔗若干生理生化特性的影响

在甘蔗的分蘖初期用不同浓度的乙烯利处理，结果表明：５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１００ｍｇ／Ｌ乙烯利处理能提高甘蔗前中期的Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、酸性转化酶、多酚氧化酶等的活性及可溶性蛋白质、无机磷、还原糖等物质的含量，而过氧化物酶活性与对照差异较小。３００ｍｇ／Ｌ，４００ｍｇ／Ｌ乙烯利处理则降低了甘蔗生长前中期的Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、酸性转化酶、多酚氧化酶等的活性及可溶性蛋白质、无机磷、还原糖等物质的含量，其过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照。     

空竹悬浮细胞系的建立

竹子悬浮细胞培养比较困难,本研究首次获得空竹悬浮细胞.以空竹种胚为材料诱导愈伤组织,建立稳定的悬浮细胞培养体系;通过固体培养法获得悬浮细胞来源的愈伤组织,可为竹类悬浮细胞系遗传转化或诱变后单克隆的筛选提供材料.空竹种胚在3/4MS+500mg/L脯氨酸+500mg/L谷氨酰胺+300mg/L胰蛋白胨+3.0mg/L 2...     

Effect of salicylic acid and salt on wheat seed germination

Abstract

The effects of pretreatment with salicylic acid on wheat seed germination (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Roshan), lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase activity were studied under conditions of salt stress. Seeds treated with different concentrations of salicylic acid were used for measuring germination traits. Salt stress was induced by sodium chloride solution. Seeds were soaked in salicylic acid solution for 24 h, dried with sterile paper, transferred to sterile Petri dishes, and treated with 10 ml NaCl solution at different concentrations. After 1 week, the number of germinated seeds, root length, seedling length, and dry weight were recorded. Antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation were also assayed. Salinity decreased seed germination. Thus, a high concentration of NaCl (200 mM) decreased germination by 17.6% compared with control treatment. Salicylic acid significantly increased germination in stressed and control seeds. Salicylic acid increased the level of cell division of seedlings and roots, which increased plant growth. Salt stress significantly increased the activity of the antioxidative enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in wheat seedlings, and salicylic acid reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes as stress signal molecules. Our results indicated that scavenging of reactive oxygen species was effective, especially by salicylic acid, and that membrane damage was limited. The aim of the present work was to study the character of changes in enzymatic systems induced by NaCl and salicylic acid in wheat seedlings under conditions of salt stress. In brief, salicylic acid treatment reduced the damaging action of salinity on embryo growth and accelerated a restoration of growth processes; thereupon it may be effective for the improvement of seed germination in arid and semi-arid regions.     

Phytic acid represents 10 to 15% of total phosphorus in alfalfa root and crown

Phytic acid, myo‐inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexakisphosphate. the major storage form of phosphorus (P) in seeds, comprises 60 to 90% of total seed P. Phytic acid has also been observed in other vegetative and reproductive tissue including roots although no studies to date have unequivocally demonstrated that phytic acid is indeed present in roots. Three methods (ferric precipitation, ion‐exchange chromatography, and high voltage paper electrophoresis) were used to demonstrate that phytic acid is a P‐containing compound within the root and crown tissue of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Phytic acid P was found to represent from 10 to 15% of total root and crown P.     

Effects of elicitors on the production of resveratrol and viniferins in cell cultures of Vitis vinifera L. cv Italia

Methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid and chitosan were tested as elicitors on cell suspension cultures obtained from Vitis vinifera cv Italia to investigate their effect on stilbene production. Stilbene accumulation in the callus, grown under nonelicited conditions, was also investigated. Calli and cell suspensions were obtained in a B5 culture medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L(-1) NAA and 1 mg L(-1) KIN. Stilbene determination was achieved by HPLC/DAD/MS. Whereas callus biosynthesized only piceid, cell suspensions elicited with jasmonates produced several stilbenes, mainly viniferins. In suspended cells, methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid were the most effective in stimulating stilbene biosynthesis, whereas chitosan was less effective; in fact, the amount of stilbenes obtained with this elicitor was not significantly different from that obtained for the control cells. The maximum production of total stilbenes was at day 20 of culture with 0.970 and 1.023 mg g(-1) DW for MeJA and JA, respectively.