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1.
[目的]探讨湿地植物种类、浮床覆盖面积和处理时间3个因素对含抗生素养殖废水净化效果的影响,为高效利用湿地植物浮床技术去除养殖废水中的传统污染物和抗生素提供依据。[方法]分别利用巴拉草(Brachiaria mutica)和短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis Lam. var.brevifolius)构建了植物浮床,每种植物浮床设置了20%,40%,60%这3个水面覆盖面积,监测了植物浮床在不同处理时间对养殖废水中的化学需氧量(COD)、氮磷和磺胺嘧啶的净化效果。[结果]各处理水质各指标随着运行时间持续变好:pH值变中性;溶解氧(DO)含量增加;氧化还原电位(ORP)上升;COD,氨氮(NH_3-N),总氮(TN),总磷(TP)和抗生素磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)浓度持续降低;不同植物种类对水体pH值和ORP值,DO和COD的含量无显著影响,但显著影响水体营养盐的去除;巴拉草浮床对水体中NH_3-N,TN和TP的去除效果优于短叶茳芏浮床;两种植物对SDZ的去除效率相当;总体上,60%的覆盖面积更加有利于水体中污染物的去除,但不利于DO扩散。[结论] 60%覆盖面积的巴拉草浮床,在运行47 d时,去除养殖废水中COD(88%),NH_3-N(97%),TN(89%),TP(94%)和SDZ(43%)的效果最好。  相似文献   

2.
不同粒径生物质灰渣填料净化生活污水的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以生物质灰渣为研究对象,采用室内土柱淋溶模拟法,研究了不同粒径组合的生物质灰渣对生活污水中化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)的去除效果。结果表明:(1)COD的去除效果随粒径的增加而增加,L1处理(0.25~0.5mm粒径组合)对COD的去除效果最好,去除率在79.2%以上;(2)试验运行期间,出水TN浓度随进水次数的增加而增加,前期各处理均保持较高的TN去除率,整个试验过程L6处理对TN的去除效果最明显;(3)出水TP浓度随着试验的进行逐渐升高,在整个试验过程中,出水TP浓度表现为L6L5L2L3L1L4处理,其中L4处理对TP的去除效果稳定,平均去除率达48.7%,小粒径填料对TP的去除效果较差;(4)各处理均能有效的去除氨氮,去除率均在90%以上,但较大粒径的填料对氨氮的去除效果更好。总体而言,小粒径生物质灰渣对TN有较好的去除效果,大粒径填料L1处理对COD和氨氮去除效果较好,均一中粒径的L4处理对TP的去除效果较好。  相似文献   

3.
为研究不同植物的生物栅系统对富营养化景观水的净化效果,通过人工配水试验对比无植物与分别种有美人蕉、水葱、香蒲的生物栅系统,分析生物栅中不同组成部分对污染物的去除效果.结果表明,纤维填料上的生物膜对不同浓度的富营养化景观水体的CODCr、TN、TP、NH4+-N的去除率均高于3种植物,其去除率分别为31.43%~40%,45.88%~50.15%,14.32%~15.62%,55.03%~63.95%,因此纤维填料上附着的微生物是污染水体的净化主体.将3种植物生物栅系统对重度和中度富营养化景观水体的净化效果进行比较,结果表明美人蕉生物栅系统对中度富营养化景观水体的CODCr、TN、TP、NH4+-N去除率分别达到78.57%,78.62%,52.24%,86.48%,其中处理后CODCr、TN、NH++-N的浓度均达到GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类水质标准,因此美人蕉生物栅系统更适用于富营养化景观水体的水质修复.  相似文献   

4.
选用临汾本土的3种湿生植物薄荷、芦苇和藨草,按芦苇+藨草、芦苇+薄荷、藨草+薄荷、芦苇+藨草+薄荷4种组合方式配植,构建小型模拟人工湿地,通过测定其对TP(总磷)、TN(总氮)、NH+4-N(氨氮)、COD(化学需氧量)的去除率来研究不同植物组合对不同浓度富营养化水体的修复能力。试验结果表明:轻度处理下,对TP、TN、NH+4-N去除效果最好的是芦苇+藨草组合,对COD去除效果最好的是芦苇+藨草+薄荷组合;中度处理下,对TP、TN、COD去除效果最好的是芦苇+藨草+薄荷组合,对NH+4-N去除效果最好的是芦苇+藨草组合;重度处理下,对TP、NH+4-N去除效果最好的是芦苇+藨草组合,对TN、COD去除效果最好的是芦苇+藨草+薄荷组合。  相似文献   

5.
复合人工湿地运行2 a净化水禽污水效果   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
通过构建表流与潜流湿地相结合的复合人工湿地来处理水禽污染的富营养化水体,研究了运行2年的复合人工湿地对化学需氧量(CODcr)、总悬浮物(TSS)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)的去除作用.研究表明,复合人工湿地对CODcr、TSS、TN和TP的2年平均去除率分别为42.64%、72.64%、31.69%和52.67%:对污染物CODcr、TSS、TN、TP 的去除效果随复合人工湿地运行时间变化而有所差异.在表流湿地中,夏季对CODcr的平均去除率要优于秋季,秋季潜流湿地和复合人工湿地对CODcr的平均去除率优于夏季.在对TSS的平均去除率,表流湿地、潜流湿地和复合人工湿地都表现为秋季优于夏季.表流湿地对TN的平均去除率表现为夏季显著优于秋季.在对TP的平均去除率中,表流湿地和复合人工湿地都表现为秋季优于夏季,而潜流湿地对TP的去除效果表现为秋季低于夏季.通过对进出水中的TP、TN、TSS和CODcr进行回归分析发现,除复合人工湿地和表流湿地区TSS的进水质量浓度与出水质量浓度无明显相关性外,其他复合人工湿地不同构建类型进出水的CODcr、TN、TP质量浓度均存在显著线性相关关系.该研究可为我国北方地区应用复合人工湿地处理富营养化水体提供理论依据.  相似文献   

6.
10种水生观赏植物对不同富营养化水体的净化效果研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过温室静态试验研究了路易斯安娜鸢尾等10种水生观赏植物在中浓度和高浓度富营养化水体环境下的生长状况及对不同富营养化水体TN、TP和COD的去除能力。结果表明,无论中浓度还是高浓度富营养化水体环境下10种水生观赏植物中泽苔草、水芋、水生美人蕉、再力花长势均非常旺盛,而菖蒲、千屈菜和马蔺长势相对最弱,鲜重增加量最低。水芋、水生美人蕉、泽苔草和再力花对TN的去除能力较强,其在高浓度富营养化水体生长30d时对TN的去除率依次为97.85%,97.79%,96.12%,95.74%;千屈菜和菖蒲对TN的去除能力较弱,试验结束时其对高浓度富营养化水体TN去除率为77.43%和63.16%。不同植物对TP的去除能力存在差异,泽苔草对TP去除能力最强,试验结束时其对高浓度富营养水体TP去除率达99.17%,达国家Ⅰ类水质TP标准;其次为再力花和水芋,在高浓度富营养水体生长30d时TP去除率分别为98.65%和98.66%,达国家Ⅱ类水质TP标准;菖蒲、千屈菜和马蔺对TP去除能力最弱。此外,不同植物对降低水体COD也有一定作用,但是水体自净化也能够达到较好的降低COD的效果。从不同植物对水体N、P积累量来看,泽苔草在中、高2种浓度富营养化水体下单株植物净化能力居于10种植物之首,而路易斯安娜鸢尾尽管对N、P的去除能力居中,但其是10种植物中唯一的四季常绿观赏水生花卉植物,一年四季均可修复水体,具有较大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

7.
不同生物质灰渣填充密度下处理生活污水的效果研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以生物质灰渣为研究对象,采用土柱淋溶模拟法,研究在不同生物质灰渣填充密度R1(0.3g/cm~3)、R2(0.35g/cm~3)、R3(0.4g/cm~3)下,生物质灰渣对生活污水中主要污染物即化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH_3—N)、总磷(TP)的去除效果。结果表明:生物质灰渣对COD的去除率随着填料密度的增加先升高后降低,表现为R2(59.1%)R1(58.0%)R3(44.4%),其中R2处理效果明显优于R1和R3处理;R1、R2、R3对TN的去除率分别为84.8%,43.3%,26.1%,而对污水中氨氮的去除效果良好,去除率均达到97%以上;对污水中TP而言,3种密度下平均出水TP浓度分别为0.406,0.249,0.406mg/L,平均去除率大小为分别为R2(91.3%)R1(85.8%)R3(85.6%),去除效果较好。在试验后期由于被吸附的磷被释放出来,故对污水中TP的去除效果并不明显,但R2处理效果仍优于其他2种处理。总体而言,生物质灰渣可有效去除污水中COD、TN、NH_3—N和TP,其中NH_3—N和TP的除去率均在85%以上,生物质灰渣填料密度为0.35g/cm~3的处理效果最好。  相似文献   

8.
选取重庆地区分布面积较广的蓬莱镇组、飞仙关组和遂宁组3种不同紫色母岩,研究其作基质或覆盖材料对富营养化景观水体氮磷去除及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,利用3种紫色母岩作基质时对水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的去除效果差异较大,蓬莱镇组的去除效果最好;利用3种母岩作覆盖材料时3种母岩均可显著抑制底泥TN、TP的释放,且处理间无显著差异。等温吸附试验表明,3种母岩对TN的吸附均为单层分子吸附和表面吸附,对TP的吸附主要为单层分子吸附,其中,蓬莱镇组母岩的物理吸附能力较强,对TN、TP的最大理论吸附量分别为0.259、0.619 mg·g~(-1)。3种母岩作基质或覆盖材料处理后均会不同程度地改变系统中微生物的群落结构,且不同母岩在水体中释放出的微量元素含量不同,其中,蓬莱镇组紫色母岩向水体中释放的钙(Ca)、钾(K)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)元素均显著高于飞仙关组和遂宁组紫色母岩。综上,无论作基质还是覆盖材料,蓬莱镇组母岩对氮磷的治理效果均较好,这主要是由于其对水体氮磷的物理吸附作用强于另外2种母岩。此外,3种紫色母岩作基质或覆盖材料时会向系统中释放微量元素,从而影响系统微生物群落结构,进而影响景观水体氮磷的治理效果。  相似文献   

9.
以河砂为基质构建人工湿地,通过人工配制不同浓度的富营养化水体,用无植被、填充相同基质的空白人工湿地(CK)做对照,研究湿生植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)、藨草(Scirpus triqueter)、薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx)和水芹(Oenanthe javanica)对水体中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)及化学需氧量(COD)的去除效率。结果表明:四种植物对不同浓度富营养化水体的净化效果都显著优于CK(P0.01)。(1)对TP的去除:轻度处理下芦苇的吸收率最高为89.30%;中度处理下去除效果最好的是藨草为74.96%;重度处理中四种植物差异不显著。(2)对TN的去除:在轻、中度处理下,去除效果最好的是芦苇,吸收率分别为86.76%和73.27%;重度处理下藨草吸收效果最好为51.80%。(3)对NH+4-N的去除:轻度处理下各植物间无明显差异;而在中度处理下去除效果最好的是薄荷吸收率为81.96%;重度处理下,水芹的去除率最高为58.30%。(4)对COD的去除:各处理中均以藨草最好,低浓度处理下去除率为77.57%;中度处理下为74.42%;重度下为62.89%。试验表明在选择人工湿地净化污水时,可优先考虑芦苇和藨草。  相似文献   

10.
在不同的水力停留时间(HRT)、温度、碳氮比(COD/N)条件下,研究了波式潜流人工湿地(W-SFCW)试验装置对水体总氮和氨氮的去除效果。通过检测W-SFCW沿程各形态氮的含量,探讨了其对氮的去除原理。结果表明,HRT、温度、COD/N分别为5d,26.8℃,5条件下总氮去除率较高,可达74.92%此外,研究发现氨氮主要在浅水区通过硝化作用转化为NO3-N,所得的NO3-N通过深水区的反硝化作用转化为N2而得以去除。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
【目的】以富士(Fuji)、 秦冠(Qinguan)嫁接在平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水(ZZ)、 低氮正常水(DZ)、 正常氮干旱(ZG)、 低氮干旱(DG)。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮(6 mmol/L NO-3-N)、 低氮(0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N)、 正常供水(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%)、 干旱处理(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%)。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量(茎和叶)、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG),并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG); 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶>根>茎,磷元素则是根>叶>茎;光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水(DZ)处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱(DG)处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.  相似文献   

15.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

16.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

17.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

19.
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.  相似文献   

20.
李聃枫  朱春梧 《土壤》2020,52(3):561-566
自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

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