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1.
本文阐述了屋顶绿化的意义;针对福建省气候特点,分析了我省现有的屋顶绿化状况及限制因子;从当今屋顶绿化中存在的问题出发,在屋顶绿化的设计、栽培基质的优化、植物品种的选择、屋顶绿化的其他技术措施等方面总结了我省屋顶绿化的技术要点,展望了我省屋顶绿化的发展趋势。  相似文献   

2.
何为  秦华  黎莎 《南方农业》2010,(1):60-62
屋顶绿化是现代都市绿化的宠儿,随着城市园林绿化的发展,造景植物作为园林绿化的主体在城市绿化中得到广泛应用。本文根据屋顶绿化的特点,阐述了绿化植物资源和设计施工中应解决的几个方面的特殊技术问题。  相似文献   

3.
刘永碧  李进 《南方农业》2010,4(3):40-42
通过对四川省西昌市入户花园现状、所占比例和设置的调查,分析了西昌市入户花园设计存在的问题,结合市民的接受程度和认知度,提出西昌市现代住宅入户花园的设计建议:兼顾功能性、艺术性与经济性;构思意境,增加情趣;科学地选配植物;强调人性化设计。  相似文献   

4.
徐晶 《南方农业》2011,(4):73-75
空间拓展是园林设计的重要课题之一,垂直绿化是空间拓展的实现方式。文章从城市实施垂直绿化的意义及定位出发,介绍了在城市空间开拓中垂直绿化的主要方式,包括屋顶绿化、城市围墙透绿绿化、立体花园、绿门、绿廊。  相似文献   

5.
屋顶绿化是现代都市绿化的宠儿,随着城市园林绿化的发展,造景植物作为园林绿化的主体在城市绿化中得到广泛应用。本文根据屋顶绿化的特点,阐述了绿化植物资源和设计施工中应解决的几个方面的特殊技术问题。  相似文献   

6.
整体输送式温室屋顶除雪装置的研制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
北方地区冬季温室屋顶积雪一方面对温室的透光性、保温性造成很大的影响,导致了大量能源的浪费,影响了喜阳植物的生长,另一方面影响温室的总体强度和刚度。目前应用在温室屋顶除雪比较常用的方法是采用热水融雪管,但是投资和运行费均比较高,为了解决这一问题,设计并制造了整体输送式温室屋顶除雪装置,试验效果良好,为今后温室屋顶除雪提供了一种有效、低运行费的方案。  相似文献   

7.
浅谈屋顶绿化的功能及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
探讨屋顶绿化美化环境、遮荫调温、保护生态、环保节能等方面的功能,阐述屋顶绿化设计施工中的技术要点、植物选择原则,以及后期养护管理的注意事项。  相似文献   

8.
为研究超纤渗灌对绿色屋顶土壤水分及蒸散发的影响,以金鱼草、七里香、罗汉松、太阳花、多肉及佛甲草为试验材料,观测有无超纤渗灌处理下的绿色屋顶土壤含水率,并通过三温模型及蒸渗仪法测算不同植物的蒸腾速率及蒸散量,评估超纤渗灌对绿色屋顶蒸散发的影响。结果表明:超纤渗灌处理下的七里香、金鱼草及裸土种植盆内的平均土壤含水率分别比无超纤渗灌处理提高27%,18%及47%,超纤渗灌能增加土壤含水率,减少水分胁迫情况的发生。在夏季(雨季),超纤渗灌处理的植物蒸腾速率总体显著(P<0.01)大于无超纤渗灌处理,且气温越高,植物冠层温度与气温温差越大。在冬季(旱季),超纤渗灌能使屋顶基底温度平均高出0.25 ℃,减小温度变化振幅;超纤渗灌处理能使佛甲草夜间蒸散量增加0.14 mm,但白天有超纤渗灌的蒸散量比无超纤渗灌低了0.57 mm,总体减少了9.3%。超纤渗灌能提高绿色屋顶土壤含水率,在夏季增加植物蒸散量,在增加冬季夜间屋顶蒸散量的同时,也有利于绿色屋顶白天吸附空气湿气,促进这一部分非降水资源的利用。  相似文献   

9.
粮仓围护结构保温隔热性能对储粮安全和粮仓能耗有重要影响。粮仓屋顶面积大,是粮仓围护结构接受太阳辐射最强的部位,外界热量主要通过屋顶传入粮仓,因此屋顶是粮仓围护结构保温隔热设计的最重要部位。双层通风屋顶、高反射率的屋面隔热涂料和保温隔热材料等节能技术近年来在粮仓屋顶设计中得到迅速发展和应用。考虑屋顶不同外表面太阳辐射反射率和自然通风对双层通风屋顶传热的影响,该文给出并试验验证了多层屋顶非稳态传热模型和双层通风屋顶传热模型,利用经过验证的屋顶传热模型进行屋顶能耗计算,采用经济性模型和全生命周期理论对长沙地区低温粮仓普通屋顶和双层通风屋顶最佳保温隔热层厚度进行分析,并对采用最佳保温隔热层厚度时的生命周期总投资、净收益及回收周期进行计算和比较分析。研究结果表明:屋顶外表面太阳辐射反射率对长沙地区低温粮仓屋顶最佳保温隔热层厚度和经济性有较大影响,双层通风屋顶可以减小屋顶最佳保温隔热层厚度,长沙地区低温粮仓可采用双层通风屋顶和高反射率的屋面隔热涂料降低粮仓能耗,减少因能源消耗而引起的环境污染问题。长沙地区低温粮仓普通屋顶挤塑聚苯乙烯和膨胀聚苯乙烯最佳保温隔热层厚度为0.106~0.183 m,生命周期内最大净现值为417~633.38元/m2,投资回收年限为2.39~2.96 a。低温粮仓屋顶最佳保温隔热层厚度随屋顶外表面太阳辐射反射率的增大而减小,双层通风屋顶可以减少屋顶保温隔热层投资回收年限。该屋顶最佳保温隔热层厚度确定方法对于指导低温粮仓屋顶保温隔热设计具有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

10.
城市现代化建设明显加快,人与自然和谐发展理念,绿色建筑应运而生。基于此,根据以往工作经验,总结传统绿色建筑的园林景观规划设计中存在的问题,并从园林景观规划对绿色建筑的塑造、节能减排的应用、空中花园和室内设计、文化融入四个方面,论述了绿色建筑的园林景观规划设计的创新模式。  相似文献   

11.
屋顶花园雨水利用系统设计与实践   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
该文意在探讨利用屋面雨水对屋顶花园进行灌溉的可行性。以北大荒集团某酒店屋顶花园为例,从植物需水量、雨水可收集量、蓄水池容量及雨水收集系统等方面进行屋面雨水回收利用设计,利用彭曼-蒙特斯公式计算屋顶花园植物需水量,结果表明:5-10月屋顶花园植物需水总量为3521.78m3,各月份间差异较大,10月份量最小仅为361.8m3,6月份量最大为729.6m3;同期可收集屋面雨水总量为2179.3m3,并据雨水径流总量与初期弃流量产生的径流量设计蓄水池容量为131m3;将收集雨水全部用于屋顶花园绿地灌溉,能节省61.88%灌溉用水;据此,采用工程技术为屋顶花园设计雨水收集系统及自动灌溉系统,对屋顶花园雨水收集量与灌溉量的水量平衡分析结果表明:利用该自动灌溉系统可节约灌溉用水67.20%,雨水利用率可达54.55%,该设计对北方干旱地区屋顶花园雨水回用技术设计具一定的实用价值和应用前景。  相似文献   

12.
Ex situ collections in botanic gardens have great potential in contributing to the conservation of rare plants. However, little is known about the effects of cultivation on the genetic diversity and fitness of garden populations, about genetic changes due to unconscious selection and potential adaptation to the artificial conditions. We compared the genetic variability and fitness of the rare, short-lived perennial Cynoglossum officinale from 12 botanic gardens and five natural populations in Germany. Genetic variability was assessed with eight nuclear microsatellites. Plants were grown in a common garden and performance was measured over 2 years. Mean genetic diversity was very similar in botanic garden and natural populations. However, four of the garden populations exhibited no genetic variability at all. Moreover, the genetic diversity of garden populations decreased with increasing duration of cultivation, indicating genetic drift. Plant performance from natural and garden populations in terms of growth, flowering and seed production was similar and in garden populations only seed mass was strongly related to genetic diversity. Several lines of evidence indicated genetic changes in garden populations in response to cultivation. Seed dormancy was strongly reduced in garden populations, and in response to nutrient addition garden plants increased the size of their main inflorescence, while wild plants increased the number of inflorescences. These changes could be maladaptive in nature and reduce the suitability of garden populations as a source for reintroductions. We suggest that botanic gardens should pay more attention to the problem of potential genetic changes in their plant collections.  相似文献   

13.
美国市民农园是一个值得借鉴的兼具生产、生态和生活等多功能的植被景观模式,本研究针对市民农园的生态服务功能,依据市民农园结构模式及经营群体的不同,随机选取了洛杉矶市14个市民农园,采用样地调查、半结构式访谈等方法,基于植被物种功能组合和乡土植物组成,定量化研究了城市植被物种多样性及其分布格局对种植者族裔背景及营建模式等影响因素的响应,进而评析对我国城市绿地建设和休闲农业的启示。本研究共计调查到439种植物,分属90科,242属,分析结果显示:市民农园是城市生态系统中重要的物种库,能维护较为丰富的乡土植物资源;其植物功能以食用植物为主,观赏植物、药用植物次之,这在保护族裔传统文化、区域乡土文化具有重要价值;其植被景观结构和功能受到族裔背景及营建模式等不同程度影响。研究证明,市民农园作为生态多样性和文化多样性的交汇景观,是实现城镇绿色基础建设和休闲农业发展的重要营建模式。以此为经验,我国在进行绿地规划和生态植被建设时要考虑不同利益相关者,尤其是关注外来者的生活习俗和选择偏好;同时也要注意监测外来物种,以防造成物种入侵,这对于建设文化强国背景下开展城镇生态植被建设和发展休闲农业具有启示意义。  相似文献   

14.
Rain gardens have been recommended as a best management practice to treat stormwater runoff. However, no published field performance data existed on pollutant removal capabilities. Replicated rain gardens were constructed in Haddam, CT, to capture shingled-roof runoff. The gardens were sized to store the first 2.54 cm (1 inch) of runoff. Influent, overflow and percolate flow were measured using tipping buckets and sampled passively. Precipitation was also measured and sampled for quality. All weekly composite water samples were analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and nitrite+nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). Monthly composite samples were analyzed for copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Redox potential was measured using platinum electrodes. Poor treatment of NO3-N, TKN, organic-N, and TP in roof runoff was observed. Many Cu, Pb and Zn samples were below detection limit, so statistical analysis was not performed on these pollutants. The only pollutants significantly lower in the effluent than in the influent were NH3-N in both gardens and total-N in one garden. The design used for these rain gardens worked well for overall flow retention, but had little impact pollutant concentrations in percolate. These results suggest that if an underdrain is not connected to the stormwater system, high flow and pollutant retention could be achieved with the 2.54 cm design method.  相似文献   

15.
Anatolia has been an important gene center for the planting and improving of old garden roses until sixteenth century. The interest in old garden roses in Anatolia shifted to new modern roses raised in Europe after sixteenth century. Old garden roses have been able to survive in remote gardens of Anatolia such as Van gardens. In this study, the population status, flower characteristics and usage methods of old garden roses, which were planted in Van gardens and had a rich garden culture tradition since Urartu, have been investigated. As a result of this study which was carried out between 2004 and 2005, ten species, one being new, have been determined in gardens in and around Van. In terms of availability, four of these species were determined as being rare, four infrequent and two widespread in the area. The urban texture of Van has experienced a fast improvement in the last two decades as a result of modernism, and the old rose gardens, which were part of the local culture and genetic wealth, have been replaced by the big blocks of houses.  相似文献   

16.
王佳  蔡平 《南方农业》2010,4(5):7-13
结合可园所处的地理环境,分析其空间布局特色,阐述其建筑形态与建筑特色,归纳总结文人园林的精神品质与艺术风格,旨在引发对可园保护与修复的思考。  相似文献   

17.
Topsoil properties were determined in forest gardens established about 20 years ago on eroded grassland soils (abandoned tea lands) in the wet zone of the Sri Lankan highlands. They were compared with adjacent, eroded grasslands (abandoned tea lands) on strongly weathered soils vs soils at earlier stages of pedogenic development in a two-way analysis of variance. Soil pH in forest gardens was, on average, 6.1, nearly one unit higher than in the adjacent grasslands. In the garden soils, the cation exchange capacity (CEC measured at pH 4.8) was nearly double, exchangeable calcium concentrations five times and exchangeable magnesium three times as high as in the grasslands soils. Total soil N content was found to be nearly 40% higher in the gardens. Topsoil gravel contents in the gardens were less than half as high as in the grasslands. The increases in exchangeable bases and N in gardens, relative to grasslands, were attributed to increased nutrient retention and acquisition. Higher retention was partly due to the higher CECpH4.8, and probably to reduced erosion and increased, continuous fine root density in the garden topsoils. Higher field CEC in gardens was likely to result from generally higher C contents and from the reversal of acidification, presumably caused by base accumulation and decomposition processes. Our results suggest that forest garden establishment on degraded grasslands can lead to accumulation of mobile nutrients in the topsoil, probably due to increased nutrient retention, subsoil uptake and litter input exceeding nutrient uptake by the standing biomass.  相似文献   

18.
南疆具有较好的光热资源,是生产建设兵团(简称兵团)发展日光温室的主要区域和现代农业发展结构调整、方式转变实施的重点,但南疆日光温室大多由我国其他地区引进,温室的适宜性和针对性不强,存在的技术问题较多,尤其是建造技术方面,在当前快速发展的形势下,亟待研究、总结,以避免建设中出现新问题。通过选择南疆兵团4个师、40余个团场中50栋以上连片规模的日光温室项目进行调研,比较不同类型建造方式的环境调控效果和生产效果,对相关建造参数和技术措施进行针对性的研究测算。发现在总体造型设计、结构布置、构件设计、围护结构构造等方面,都存在一些突出的共性问题,诸如前屋面角偏小、骨架变形大等,造成了日光温室建设成本的浪费和功能缺陷。南疆兵团日光温室需要在建造技术研发推广、总体参数确定、后墙设计、骨架布置、后坡设置等方面加以改进,按照气候特征和作物需求,针对性的确定温室总体尺寸及结构形式;在新型日光温室引进方面要科学慎重;该文梳理出的问题在我国北方地区也很普遍,具有很好的典型性和代表性,完善南疆日光温室性能指标体系、揭示技术研究方向和重点,对新疆乃至中国北方部分地区日光温室的建造也有很强的指导意义。  相似文献   

19.
Garden floras interact with native biodiversity by providing resources for wildlife and by acting as a source of non-native species. Understanding the composition and richness of garden floras will help evaluate the relationships between these floras and the wider environment. The composition and richness of vascular plant floras were measured in a stratified sample of 61 urban, domestic gardens in Sheffield, UK, based on complete garden inventories. The entire garden flora contained 1166 species, of which 30% were native and 70% alien. Across gardens, aliens showed lower occupancy than natives, comprising 79% of the species recorded only once. The garden flora contained 146 plant families, which included 72% of the native, naturalised or recurrent casual families recorded in the wild in Britain and Ireland. Gardens contained on average 45% natives, irrespective of garden size. Garden area explained 30% of the variation in species richness within individual gardens. Doubling garden size led to an increase in species richness of 25%. The garden flora comprised 10% annuals, 63% biennial/perennials, 18% shrubs and 8% trees; shrubs were disproportionately composed of alien species. The floras of urban domestic gardens probably form the greatest source of potentially invasive alien plants. However, the plants found in domestic gardens have closer affinities with the uncultivated flora than is often perceived, and their role for wildlife in gardens deserves reassessment. Declines in garden size that result from recommendations on the density of new housing are unlikely to have major consequences for plant richness in gardens.  相似文献   

20.
对148个茶园土壤的微生物量碳(MBC)质量分数及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,茶园土壤MBC的质量分数(ωmic)在38.1~680.2 mg·kg-1之间,平均为246.0 mg·kg-1,其含量变化幅度较大,主要受到土壤有机碳、p H、茶园管理方式、植茶年限、成土母质以及全氮量的影响。(1)茶园土壤的ωmic与有机碳的质量分数(ωorg)呈显著正相关,与p H存在一定范围的正相关,改良过度酸化的土壤能明显提高ωmic。(2)ωmic随植茶年限的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在45年左右的茶园中含量最高,达到了(597.7±89.2)mg·kg-1。(3)有机管理茶园的ωmic显著高于转换茶园和常规茶园(P<0.05)。(4)花岗岩、安山斑岩和红砂岩发育的茶园土壤的ωmic显著高于第四纪红土和石灰岩发育的土壤(P<0.05)。(5)ωmic随茶园全氮量的增加也呈先升高后降低的趋势。在茶园土壤ωmic的影响因素中,影响最大的是土壤有机碳,其次为p H、成土母质、植茶年限及全氮量。由此可见,要提高茶园土壤的ωmic,可采取多施有机肥,推广有机茶园管理模式,合理施氮,适当提高土壤p H和改植换种老茶园等措施。  相似文献   

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