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1.
凋落物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分。对福建南平峡阳林场7年生二代杉木人工林生态系统进行添加8种不同凋落物处理3年后,分析不同质量凋落物对土壤微生物群落组成的影响。结果表明:(1) 添加高质量的桉树凋落物会使土壤磷脂脂肪酸总量、革兰氏阳性、阴性细菌生物量比添加杉木凋落物分别增加了27%、35%和19%,而添加低质量的樟树凋落物使得土壤磷脂脂肪酸总量和革兰氏阴性细菌较杉木显著降低29%和10%。(2) 桉树凋落物添加下土壤真菌/细菌比(0.14)显著高于其他凋落物添加的比值,樟树凋落物添加下土壤的革兰氏阳性细菌/革兰氏阴性细菌比(1.64)显著高于其他凋落物添加处理的比值。(3) 不同质量凋落物添加处理对土壤pH和碳氮比无显著影响。毛竹凋落物添加下土壤中硝态氮含量最高。(4) 相关性分析表明,凋落物碳含量与土壤中脂肪酸总量、革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌和菌根真菌具有正相关关系。烷基碳(Alkyl C)与脂肪酸总量、革兰氏阳性、阴性细菌、细菌、真菌及真菌细菌比均有正相关性。甲氧基碳(N-alkyl C)、氧烷基碳(O-alkyl C)和芳碳(Aryl C)与革兰氏阳性阴性细菌比呈显著正相关。冗余分析表明,烷基碳(Alkyl C) 与16:1ω7c,18:1ω7c ,18:2ω6c,18:1ω9显著正相关,对土壤微生物群落结构有显著影响。可见,不同树种之间凋落物烷基碳组分的差异是影响土壤微生物生物量和群落组成的重要指标。  相似文献   

2.
凋落物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分。对福建南平峡阳林场7年生二代杉木人工林生态系统进行添加8种不同凋落物处理3年后,分析不同质量凋落物对土壤微生物群落组成的影响。结果表明:(1)添加高质量的桉树凋落物会使土壤磷脂脂肪酸总量、革兰氏阳性、阴性细菌生物量比添加杉木凋落物分别增加了27%、35%和19%,而添加低质量的樟树凋落物使得土壤磷脂脂肪酸总量和革兰氏阴性细菌较杉木显著降低29%和10%。(2)桉树凋落物添加下土壤真菌/细菌比(0.14)显著高于其他凋落物添加的比值,樟树凋落物添加下土壤的革兰氏阳性细菌/革兰氏阴性细菌比(1.64)显著高于其他凋落物添加处理的比值。(3)不同质量凋落物添加处理对土壤pH和碳氮比无显著影响。毛竹凋落物添加下土壤中硝态氮含量最高。(4)相关性分析表明,凋落物碳含量与土壤中脂肪酸总量、革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌和菌根真菌具有正相关关系。烷基碳(Alkyl C)与脂肪酸总量、革兰氏阳性、阴性细菌、细菌、真菌及真菌细菌比均有正相关性。甲氧基碳(N-alkyl C)、氧烷基碳(O-alkylC)和芳碳(ArylC)与革兰氏阳性阴性细菌比呈显著正相关。冗余分析表明,烷基碳(AlkylC)与16︰1ω7c、18︰1ω7c、18︰2ω6c、18︰1ω9显著正相关,对土壤微生物群落结构有显著影响。可见,不同树种之间凋落物烷基碳组分的差异是影响土壤微生物生物量和群落组成的重要指标。  相似文献   

3.
以福建建瓯万木林自然保护区内的杉木人工林土壤为研究对象,设置单独添加生物炭、单独添加凋落物以及混合添加凋落物和生物炭处理,进行一年的室内培养实验,研究不同添加物处理对土壤性质及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:与对照(S)相比,单独添加凋落物与混合添加凋落物和生物炭均使土壤磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)总量、真菌丰度以及真菌/细菌比值显著增加;单独添加生物炭与混合添加凋落物和生物炭均使革兰氏阳性细菌/革兰氏阴性细菌比值显著增加。混合添加凋落物和生物炭处理的放线菌丰度显著高于单独添加凋落物处理的。主成分分析表明,不同添加物处理的土壤微生物群落结构存在显著差异;典范对应分析表明,不同添加物处理通过改变土壤p H、全碳、全氮、C/N、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和可溶性有机氮(DON)等性质,进而影响土壤微生物群落结构。  相似文献   

4.
全面认识桉树种植对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响及机制,对于阐明单一物种对生态系统服务功能的影响具有重要意义。通过室内小盆模拟控制试验,采用随机区组设计,以土壤碳、氮含量有显著差异的3种天然次生林土壤为对象,以不添加凋落物的处理和添加天然次生林混合凋落物的处理为对照,研究桉树凋落物对土壤微生物群落结构及功能的影响。结果表明:(1)与天然次生林的混合凋落物相比,桉树凋落物具有较高的碳含量和较低的氮含量,其碳氮比也较高;(2)添加桉树凋落物的土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌以及磷脂脂肪酸的总丰度显著高于不添加凋落物的土壤,但是显著低于添加天然次生林混合凋落物的土壤,并且不同凋落物处理下土壤微生物群落的磷脂脂肪酸组成存在显著差异;(3)不同凋落物处理下土壤微生物群落的碳代谢方式差异显著,添加桉树凋落物的土壤微生物群落的碳代谢功能优于未添加凋落物的处理,但是显著低于天然次生林混合凋落物处理的土壤,包括:碳代谢的活性和多样性。综上所述,与天然次生林本身的凋落物相比,桉树凋落物影响下的土壤微生物群落的生物量、多样性和代谢活性均较低,表明桉树凋落物为土壤微生物群落提供生境和食物的能力较弱。  相似文献   

5.
伴随气候变化下亚热带地区米槠天然林净初级生产力变化,凋落物以及植物根系输入亦会发生改变,这将显著影响土壤微生物群落。于2019年7月在设置7年的米槠天然林植物残体添加和去除试验(the detritus input and removal treatments,DIRT)样地采集不同处理(对照、去除地上凋落物、去除地下根系、无凋落物输入、添加双倍地上凋落物)的2个土层土壤(0—10,10—20 cm),测定微生物磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)含量,计算各微生物群落比值以及多样性,进一步揭示凋落物和植物根系输入对亚热带米槠天然林土壤微生物群落组成和多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)不同处理下0—10 cm土层微生物磷脂脂肪酸含量约为10—20 cm土层的2倍;(2)地上凋落物变化均使得革兰氏阳性菌、阴性菌及放线菌等细菌含量出现不同程度的下降,但不会对丛枝菌根等真菌含量产生影响,而去除根系处理显著降低丛枝菌根真菌含量;(3)微生物群落Shannon-wiener、Simpson多样性指数不受凋落物输入的影响,凋落物去除降低表层土壤微生物群落的Margalef丰富度,提高Pielou均匀度,表明0—10 cm土层微生物群落含量与分布状况受凋落物输入变化影响较大;(4)地下植物根系存在可提高真菌(如丛枝菌根真菌)含量,而地上凋落物输入主要改变细菌丰度以及群落结构。可溶性有机碳以及矿质氮是影响不同处理土壤微生物群落组成和多样性的主要因素。可见,凋落物和根系输入通过土壤理化性质的变化而影响了微生物群落,研究结果可为全面认识植物、土壤与微生物间的相互作用对森林生产力的影响提供科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
杉木与阔叶树叶凋落物混合分解对土壤性质的影响   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
通过盆钵模拟试验对杉木与楠木、杉木与木荷叶凋落物混合分解后土壤性质进行研究,结果表明:土壤微生物区系中,细菌占微生物总数的98.18%~99.80%,真菌、放线菌在微生物总量中的比例差异不显著(P>0.05),分别为0.12%~1.01%和0.12%~1.08%;7月份土壤微生物中放线菌数量显著高于3月份土壤微生物中放线菌数量(P<0.05),而细菌数量相对较少;杉木、楠木以及木荷叶凋落物三者单独分解时,阔叶树林地细菌数量较大,杉木林地的真菌、放线菌数量较多。当杉木与楠木叶凋落物混合分解时,土壤三大微生物数量以及微生物总量都明显增加;与木荷叶凋落物混合分解时,仅细菌和微生物总量有所增加。混合分解后,林内土壤养分大体呈低~高~低的变化模式;pH值均有不同程度的,其中增加最多的是杉楠X1+3X2的处理。  相似文献   

7.
土壤有机质含量和施肥是影响黑土微生物群落结构的重要因素,但是受气候影响,很难单独明确有机质含量或施肥对土壤微生物群落的影响。本研究利用黑土生产力长期定位试验,将有机质含量不同的5个黑土(SOM1.7、SOM3、SOM5、SOM6、SOM11)置于相同气候条件下,通过分析磷脂脂肪酸,系统地研究了施肥与有机质含量对农田黑土微生物群落结构的影响。研究结果表明,5个有机质含量农田黑土中,土壤磷脂脂肪酸总量为10.6~31.5 nmol·g-1,细菌磷脂脂肪酸含量为6.23~18.4 nmol·g-1,真菌磷脂脂肪酸总量为1.78~4.57 nmol·g-1。土壤有机质含量升高和施肥会显著提高土壤中总微生物量、细菌生物量和真菌生物量,但施肥和有机质含量对真菌/细菌比值无显著影响。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)分析表明,有机质含量和施肥是导致微生物群落结构差异的重要因素,但施肥可能会遮蔽有机质含量对微生物群落的影响。  相似文献   

8.
以内蒙古贝加尔针茅草原、大针茅草原和克氏针茅草原为研究对象,采用氯仿熏蒸法和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析方法研究了放牧与围栏条件下内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量和群落结构特征的变化情况。研究表明放牧与围栏草地土壤微生物生物量和群落结构差异显著。氯仿熏蒸法分析结果表明内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳的含量介于166.6-703.5mg·kg^-1之间,微生物生物量氮含量介于30.34-92.15mg·kg^-1之间,其中贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮最高,大针茅草原次之,克氏针茅草原则最低。放牧条件下,贝加尔针茅草原、大针茅草原土壤微生物生物量碳、氮显著低于围栏草地,克氏针茅草原则无显著变化。PLFA分析结果显示,内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物群落PLFAs种类、含量丰富,共检测出28种PLFA生物标记磷脂脂肪酸,并且以直链饱和脂肪酸和支链饱和脂肪酸为主,相对含量占总量的2/3左右,其中贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物含量最丰富,其围栏样地土壤的PLFA含量达到27.3nmol·g-1,大针茅草原和克氏针茅草原依次降低。围栏条件下,各类型草原土壤细菌脂肪酸与总PLFA含量均显著高于放牧草地,真菌脂肪酸含量则因草原类型不同各有差异;放牧导致各类型草原革兰氏阳性细菌PLFAs/革兰氏阴性细菌PLFAs(GPPLFAs/GNPLFAs)比值显著降低,而除了克氏针茅草原,细菌PLFAs/真菌PLFAs比值则显著升高。PLFAs主成分分析表明,放牧和围栏处理对内蒙古针茅草原土壤微生物群落结构产生影响,且围栏处理的影响程度大于放牧处理。经相关分析表明,氯仿熏蒸法和PLFA分析方法之间有很好的一致性,且土壤微生物PLFAs与土壤有机质、全磷、硝态氮显著相关。  相似文献   

9.
[目的]开展凋落叶分解速率研究,探讨凋落叶分解速率与初始质量的关系,为甘肃省兴隆山森林生态系统物质循环研究提供依据。[方法]采用凋落物分解袋法,以兴隆山青杄、山杨和白桦3种主要树种的凋落叶为研究对象,进行凋落叶分解速率及凋落叶初始质量的研究,明确凋落叶分解速率与初始质量的关系。[结果]青杄中龄林针叶分解速率为0.16,95%分解期为19.08a;青杄近熟林针叶分解速率为0.13,95%分解期为23.70a;山杨和白桦凋落叶分解速率均为0.11,95%分解期分别为28.57a和27.27a;山杨和白桦凋落叶分解速率明显要小于青杄针叶,这很可能是凋落叶分解主场效应和分解袋孔径较小所致。凋落叶分解速率与氮含量呈显著线性正相关,与木质素含量、碳/氮值、木质素/氮值和钾含量呈显著线性负相关,特别是与木质素含量、氮含量和木质素/氮值,相关系数均达0.700 0以上;钾含量、木质素含量、木质素/氮、碳/磷和纤维素含量是影响兴隆山森林凋落叶分解速率的重要指标。[结论]木质素/氮值是影响凋落叶分解速率的关键质量指标,凋落叶初始木质素/氮值越高,分解速率越低。  相似文献   

10.
对岷江上游连香树、糙皮桦、云南松和云杉4种主要人工林凋落叶进行了凋落叶混合分解试验,探讨了凋落叶混合分解过程中的残留率以及分解过程中C,N含量和C,N释放率的动态变化,为试验区最佳混交树种的选择提供理论指导.结果表明,不同凋落叶分解速率存在显著差异.糙皮桦与云杉,糙皮桦与云南松,连香树与云南松凋落叶混合后对分解过程具有明显的促进作用,连香树与云杉凋落叶的混合对分解的促进作用不明显.放置于阔叶林地的针阔混合凋落叶分解速率较之放置于针叶林地快,且针阔混交有益于凋落叶的分解.在分解过程中凋落叶C含量呈减小趋势,但其释放率反之;N含量在分解过程中,连香树、云杉、云南松凋落叶表现为增加(富集)减小(释放)趋势,糙皮桦表现为减小—增大—减小的变化趋势.针阔林地凋落叶混合后促进了针叶林地凋落叶C和N的释放.  相似文献   

11.
Nutrient transfer between decomposing leaves may explain non-additive species diversity effects on decomposition. The influence of the diversity of litter species on decomposition was compared in mixtures composed of large (>200 mm2) or small (<9 mm2) litter fragments. The increase in the number of species (aspen, oak, alder and pine, from monocultures to four species in all possible combinations) initially (at day 43) suppressed respiration, but eventually (after 142 days) did not affect the mass loss of the mixtures of small litter fragments. In contrast, the decomposition of litter in large fragments increased with increased diversity, and 93% of all mixtures decomposed faster than would be predicted from monocultures. The results suggest that the active transport of nutrients by fungal hyphae, rather than passive diffusion, drives positive effect of the litter species diversity on decomposition.  相似文献   

12.
The rate at which organic matter decomposes generally increases with temperature, unless it is physico-chemically protected from enzymatic depolymerization. The temperature sensitivity of decomposition should increase with decreasing reaction rates, corresponding to increasing activation energy of the decomposing compounds. One approach to testing this carbon-quality temperature hypothesis is to study the effect of temperature on leaf litter decomposition, because fresh surface litter is unprotected. However, other factors such as humidity co-vary with temperature, and biological processes such as enzyme production and microbial population growth may also be thermally sensitive. We developed a litter slurry approach to isolate the effect of temperature and litter quality on decomposition. We found that pine litter decomposed faster than oak litter, consistent with a lower C:N and lignin:N ratio. During the first 14 days of decomposition, there was no difference in decomposition rate for litter incubated at 25 °C compared to 35 °C. Lower potential enzyme activity at 35 °C suggested that enzyme production was suppressed at 35 °C compared to 25 °C, resulting in similar in situ enzyme activities at the two temperatures. After 14 days, enzyme pools were similar between the two incubation temperatures, which resulted in faster decomposition at the warmer temperature, consistent with enzyme kinetic theory. At Day 14, the decomposition rate of the high quality pine litter was more temperature sensitive than the decomposition rate of the lower quality oak litter, suggesting that the quality of soluble pool rather than bulk chemistry determined the temperature sensitivity during this stage. After 28 days of incubation, oak litter decomposition was more temperature sensitive than pine litter, consistent with the carbon temperature-quality hypothesis. The litter slurry approach revealed that biological responses to temperature can affect the apparent temperature sensitivity of decomposition, and highlight a need for further research into microbial responses to temperature.  相似文献   

13.
Low intensity control burns are a standard fuel reduction management tool used in pine barrens ecosystems. Periodic disturbances through fire can be an important influence on the cycling of nutrients within the ecosystem. Previous studies have shown that the inorganic chemistry of leaf litter residues differs with increasing temperature. Our study compared chemical changes in white oak (Quercus alba), pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata), characteristic of the New Jersey pine barrens, during thermal decomposition using FT-IR spectroscopy. Three replicates of senescent leaf material were ground and separately heated for 2 h at: 100, 200, 300, 400 and 550 °C. These temperatures are representative of the range seen in fuel reducing prescribed burns in the pine barrens. Unburned litter of each species was used as a control. An optimization process using varying amounts of KBr and oak litter was performed to develop favorable FT-IR spectral conditions for a sample to KBr ratio of 0.75%. Chemometric analysis of the FT-IR spectra using principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the changes in carbohydrate chemistry of each litter plant species (leaf litter species) at each temperature. In general, it appears that there is clear separation of leaf litter species at the different combustion temperatures. Infrared spectroscopy illustrated that all three species shared wavenumbers characteristic of the primary components of leaves such as cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. Results from the PCA indicated separation of litter species and species by combustion temperature. PC axis 1 corresponds to the effects of temperature on leaf litter species and PC axis 2 separates the leaf litter species. At the low temperatures (control-200 °C), oak, pine and huckleberry litter species separated from each other. Wavenumbers that contributed to the separation of species at low temperatures belonged to functional group stretching frequencies of outer surface waxes, basic sugars, fatty acids and aldehydes. It appears that oak had more IR bands specific to suberin content. Convergence of these species occurs at 300 °C. Complexity of chemical composition decreases at this particular temperature as is shown by the decrease in wavenumber richness when compared to litters at low and high temperatures. Oak, pine and huckleberry had similar IR spectra showing bands belonging to outer surface wax content, pectin, lignin and hemicellulose. With increasing temperatures (400-550 °C), differences between litter species increased slightly. Plant material was reduced to similar composition due to thermal decomposition, which consisted of inorganic materials such as carbonate, phosphate and sulfate ions and possible fused aromatics.  相似文献   

14.
Adsorption of cellulase components by leaf litter   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The competitive adsorption of Trichoderma viride cellulase components to leaf litter was investigated to further elucidate the role of extracellular enzymes as mediators of decomposition processes. Litter analogs were prepared by acid-detergent digestion of senescent Pinus strobus (white pine), Quercus prinus (chestnut oak) and Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) leaves. Enzymatic cellulose digestion was used to produce litter analogs of higher lignin content. The white pine litter analogs had a high affinity for exocellulase and β-glucosidase. Chestnut oak litter preferentially bound endocellulase components and flowering dogwood litter displayed intermediate trends. Natural mixed-deciduous and white pine litters and humus had less capacity for immobilizing cellulase components. The adsorption data are consistent with available information on the binding of cellulase components to purified cellulose and with information on the cellulase activity patterns of decomposing leaf litter.  相似文献   

15.
The relationship between decomposer diversity and ecosystem functioning is little understood although soils accommodate a significant proportion of worldwide biodiversity. Collembola are among the most abundant and diverse decomposers and are known to modify plant growth. We examined the effects of Collembola species diversity (one, two and three species belonging to different life history groups) and composition on litter decomposition and the performance of plant communities (above- and belowground productivity) of different functional groups (grasses, forbs and legumes). Collembola densities did not increase with diversity indicating niche overlap. Generally, Collembola species composition was a better predictor for ecosystem functioning than Collembola species number with the impacts of Collembola diversity and composition on ecosystem functioning strongly depending on plant functional group identity. Non-linear effects of Collembola diversity on litter decomposition and plant productivity suggest pronounced and context dependent species interactions and feeding habits. Net surface litter decomposition was decreased by Collembola, whereas root litter decomposition was at maximum in the highest Collembola diversity treatment. Forbs benefitted most from the presence of three Collembola species. Similarly, Collembola diversity influenced root depth distribution in a plant functional group specific way: while grass root biomass decreased with increasing Collembola diversity in the upper and lower soil layer, legume root biomass increased particularly in the lower soil layer. Idiosyncratic and context dependent effects of Collembola diversity and composition even in rather simple assemblages of one to three species suggest that changes in Collembola diversity may have unpredictable consequences for ecosystem functioning. The finding that changes in Collembola performance did not directly translate to alterations in ecosystem functioning indicates that response traits do not necessarily conform to effect traits. Distinct plant functional group specific impacts of Collembola diversity on root depth distribution are likely to modify plant competition in complex plant communities and add a novel mechanism how decomposers may affect plant community assembly.  相似文献   

16.
Forest ecosystems have been widely fragmented by human land use. Fragmentation induces significant microclimatic and biological differences at the forest edge relative to the forest interior. Increased exposure to solar radiation and wind at forest edges reduces soil moisture, which in turn affects leaf litter decomposition. We investigate the effect of forest fragmentation, soil moisture, soil macrofauna and litter quality on leaf litter decomposition to test the hypothesis that decomposition will be slower at a forest edge relative to the interior and that this effect is driven by lower soil moisture at the forest edge. Experimental plots were established at Wytham Woods, UK, and an experimental watering treatment was applied in plots at the forest edge and interior. Decomposition rate was measured using litter bags of two different mesh sizes, to include or exclude invertebrate macrofauna, and containing leaf litter of two tree species: easily decomposing ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and recalcitrant oak (Quercus robur L.). The decomposition rate was moisture-limited at both sites. However, the soil was moister and decomposition for both species was faster in the forest interior than at the edge. The presence of macrofauna accelerated the decomposition rate regardless of moisture conditions, and was particularly important in the decomposition of the recalcitrant oak. However, there was no effect of the watering treatment on macrofauna species richness and abundance. This study demonstrates the effect of forest fragmentation on an important ecosystem process, providing new insights into the interacting effects of moisture conditions, litter quality, forest edge and soil macrofauna.  相似文献   

17.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) may change litter chemistry which affects litter decomposability. This study investigated respiration and microbial biomass of soils amended with litter of Pinus densiflora (a coniferous species; pine) and Quercus variabilis (a deciduous species; oak) that were grown under different atmospheric [CO2] and thus had different chemistry. Elevated [CO2] increased lignin/N through increased lignin concentration and decreased N concentration. The CO2 emission from the soils amended with litter produced under the same [CO2] regime was greater for oak than pine litter, confirming that broadleaf litter with lower lignin decomposes faster than needle leaf litter. Within each species, however, soils amended with high lignin/N litter grown under elevated [CO2] emitted more CO2 than those with low lignin/N litter grown under ambient [CO2]. Such contrasting effects of lignin/N on inter- and intra-species variations in litter decomposition should be ascribed to the effects of other litter chemistry variables including nonstructural carbohydrate, calcium and manganese as well as inhibitory effect of N on lignin decomposition. The microbial biomass was also higher in the soils amended with high lignin/N litter than those with low lignin/N litter probably due to low substrate use efficiency of lignin by microbes. Our study suggests that elevated [CO2] increases lignin/N for both species, but increased lignin/N does not always reduce soil respiration and microbial biomass. Further study investigating a variety of tree species is required for more comprehensive understanding of inter- and intra-species variations of litter decomposition under elevated [CO2].  相似文献   

18.

Purpose

Little is known about the interactive effects of temperature, nitrogen (N) supply, litter quality, and decomposition time on the turnover of carbon (C) and N of forest litter. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of warming, N addition and tree species on the turnover of C and N during the early decomposition stage of litters in a temperate forest.

Materials and methods

A 12-week laboratory incubation experiment was carried out. The leaf litters including two types of broadleaf litters (Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurensis), a needle litter (Pinus koraiensis), and a mixed litter of them were collected from a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest ecosystem in northeastern China in September 2009. Nine treatments were conducted using three temperatures (15, 25, and 35 °C) combined with three doses of N addition (equal to 0, 75, and 150 kg?·?ha?1?a?1, respectively, as NH4NO3).

Results and discussion

After 12 weeks of incubation, the mass loss ranged between 12 and 35 %. The broadleaf litters had greater mass loss and cumulative CO2–C emission than the needle litter. Temperature and N availability interacted to affect litter mass loss and decomposition rate. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations in litter leachate varied widely with litter types. DOC increased significantly with increased temperature but decreased significantly with increased N availability. DON increased significantly with increased N availability but showed a higher level at the moderate decomposition temperature. The amounts of CO2 and N2O emission were significantly higher at 25 °C than those at 15 and 35 °C, and were significantly increased by the N addition.

Conclusions

The present study indicated relatively intricate temperature and N addition effects on C and N cycling during early stages of litter decomposition, implying that future increases in temperature and N deposition will directly affect C and N cycling in broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest ecosystem, and may indirectly influence the ecosystem composition, productivity, and functioning in NE China. It is, therefore, important to understand the interactive effects of biotic and abiotic factors on litter decomposition in field conditions in order to assess and predict future ecosystem responses to environmental changes in NE China.  相似文献   

19.
Human activity has induced a multitude of global changes that are likely to affect the functioning of ecosystems. Although these changes act in concert, studies on interactive effects are scarce. Here, we conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment to explore the impacts of temperature (9, 12 and 15 °C), changes in soil humidity (moist, dry) and plant diversity (1, 4, 16 species) on soil microbial activity and litter decomposition.We found that changes in litter decomposition did not mirror impacts on microbial measures indicating that the duration of the experiment (22 weeks) may not have been sufficient to determine the full magnitude of global change effects. However and notably, changes in temperature, humidity and plant litter diversity/composition affected in a non-additive way the microbial parameters investigated. For instance, microbial metabolic efficiency increased with plant diversity in the high moisture treatment but remained unaffected in low moisture treatment suggesting that climate changes may mask beneficial effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. Moreover, litter decomposition was unaffected by plant litter diversity/composition but increased with increasing temperature in the high moisture treatment, and decreased with increasing temperature in the low moisture treatment.We conclude that it is inevitable to perform complex experiments considering multiple global change agents in order to realistically predict future changes in ecosystem functioning. Non-additive interactions highlight the context-dependency of impacts of single global change agents.  相似文献   

20.
Recent studies have demonstrated that mass loss, nutrient dynamics, and decomposer associations in leaf litter from a given plant species can differ when leaves of that species decay alone compared to when they decay mixed with other species’ leaves. Results of litter-mix experiments have been variable, however, making predictions of decomposition in mixtures difficult. It is not known, for example, whether interactions among litter types in litter mixes are similar across sites, even for litter mixtures containing the same plant species. To address this issue, we used reciprocal transplants of litter in compartmentalized litterbags to study decomposition of equal-mass litter mixtures of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) at four forest sites in northwestern Connecticut. These species differ significantly in litter quality. Red oak always has higher lignin concentrations than maple, and here C:N is lower in oak leaves and litter, a pattern often observed when oak coexists with maple. Overall, we observed less mass loss and lower N accumulation in sugar maple and red oak litter mixtures than we predicted from observed dynamics in single-species litterbags. Whether these differences were significant or not depended on the site of origin of the leaves (P<0.02), but there was no significant interaction between sites of decay and the differences in observed and predicted decomposition (P>0.2) . Mixing of leaf litter types could have significant impacts on nutrient cycling in forests, but the extent of the impacts can vary among sites and depends on the origin of mixed leaves even when the species composition of mixes is constant.  相似文献   

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