共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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植物修复作为一种生态友好型原位绿色修复技术成为重金属污染土壤修复研究的热点。然而,目前最具有推广价值的超积累植物因生物量低、生长缓慢、对重金属的积累具有专一性等缺点,大大限制了植物修复技术在重金属污染尤其是复合重金属污染土壤治理方面的推广应用。利用生长速度快、生物量大的普通植物借助其它技术辅助的联合植物修复便成了有效可行的替代途径和研究焦点。近年来,金属螯合剂诱导的化学一植物联合修复技术备受关注。本文综述了螯合剂诱导植物修复技术的研究进展、修复机理和目前存在的问题,并对该项技术的未来研究方向给予了展望。 相似文献
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重金属污染土壤的植物强化修复研究进展 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
《土壤通报》2017,(4):1008-1013
随着工农业生产的快速发展,土壤重金属污染日益严重,土壤重金属污染的高效快速修复技术备受关注。在各种土壤重金属污染修复技术中,植物修复技术因其清洁、简单、高效、低消耗等优点,得到人们的认可,具有良好的发展前景。论文综述了土壤重金属污染来源及现状,植物修复技术的基本原理及特点,植物强化修复技术的研究进展,分析了当前植物强化修复技术中存在的问题,并指明了植物强化修复技术的发展方向,以期为土壤重金属污染的快速、绿色修复提供理论依据。 相似文献
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重金属污染土壤的螯合剂诱导植物修复研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植物修复作为一种生态友好型原位绿色修复技术成为重金属污染土壤修复研究的热点。然而,目前最具有推广价值的超积累植物因生物量低、生长缓慢、对重金属的积累具有专一性等缺点,大大限制了植物修复技术在重金属污染尤其是复合重金属污染土壤治理方面的推广应用。利用生长速度快、生物量大的普通植物借助其它技术辅助的联合植物修复便成了有效可行的替代途径和研究焦点。近年来,金属螯合剂诱导的化学-植物联合修复技术备受关注。本文综述了螯合剂诱导植物修复技术的研究进展、修复机理和目前存在的问题,并对该项技术的未来研究方向给予了展望。 相似文献
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土壤重金属污染、生态效应及植物修复技术 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
探讨了土壤中重金属的来源、特点以及生态效应,综述了土壤重金属污染的植物修复技术,展望了重金属污染土壤的植物修复研究发展趋势。 相似文献
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壳聚糖修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《土壤通报》2017,(1):250-256
壳聚糖是一种来源广泛、具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性的高分子材料,其含有大量氨基、羟基等活性基团,能与重金属离子进行螯合,发生吸附作用。壳聚糖还具有改良土壤、促进植物生长,诱导植物抗逆的作用,在重金属污染农田土壤修复中具有独特的应用优势。综述了近年来国内外有关壳聚糖修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展,探讨了壳聚糖对土壤重金属污染修复的潜力,阐述了壳聚糖在重金属原位钝化修复、土壤淋洗修复、强化植物提取修复三个方面的应用,并指出壳聚糖在重金属污染土壤修复中存在的问题以及对其在未来修复重金属污染土壤的发展进行了展望,以期为壳聚糖重金属修复技术的推广和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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基于GIS的杭州市居民区土壤重金属污染现状及空间分异研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
研究了杭州市50个代表性居民小区土壤重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn)的含量,按照国家《土壤环境质量标准》对该市居民区土壤重金属污染状况做出了评价,并在GIS技术支持下,研究了土壤重金属污染的空间变异性。结果表明,杭州市居民区土壤均受到了不同程度的污染。其中4%的土壤轻度污染,54%的土壤中度污染,42%的土壤严重污染。土壤重金属污染具有显著的空间分异特征,严重污染区域大致呈西北-东南走向,包括了城北的大部分地区、市中心和城东南一些地区。工业生产和居民区形成时间对居民区土壤重金属积累有较大的影响。 相似文献
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Yu. N. Vodyanitskii 《Eurasian Soil Science》2006,39(10):1074-1083
The analysis of published data shows that the sequential extraction of heavy metals from soils according to the schemes suggested by Tessier and by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) does not ensure the selectivity of the extraction of heavy metal compounds from certain carriers and can result in the artificial redistribution of heavy metals by fractions. A new approach is based on the assessment of the kinetics of metal extraction from certain carriers. A wide range of heavy metal compounds in soils have been identified using the method of synchrotron X-ray radiation. It is argued that the schemes of Tessier and the BCR are applicable for the determination of the contents of Pb humates, Pb and Zn carbonates, and heavy metals bound with hydroxides of Fe and Al. However, these methods are not suitable for the determination of phosphates and silicates of heavy metals. 相似文献
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Xiongfeng Ma Cangsong Zheng Wei Li Shaoying Ai Zhigang Zhang Xiaojian Zhou Chaoyou Pang Haodong Chen Kehai Zhou Mingdeng Tang Linfeng Li Yanhong Wang Yichun Li Lishuang Guo Helin Dong Daigang Yang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(12):2866-2872
Purpose
Southern China is an important agricultural production base, as well as an important mineral resource area. There is a big challenge of heavy metal pollution in the soils of this area. Base on the characterizations of cotton and our present results, we discussed the potentiality to remediate the heavy metal-polluted soils through planting cotton in southern China.Materials and methods
This paper summarises recent research to provide a better understanding of the status and the causes of heavy metal pollution in southern China, compare the applicability of different remediation methods in this area, evaluate tolerance and accumulation of cotton to heavy metals, and discuss the socioeconomic benefits of cotton planting for remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils.Results and discussion
Human activity could be causing heavy metal pollution in southern China, as lead pollution is the most prevalent and cadmium pollution is the most severe in this area. Physical and chemical methods are used to remediate the heavy metal-polluted soils in southern China, by which treated polluted soils could not satisfactorily address the problems of economic feasibility, “secondary damage” and “secondary pollution”. The use of plants can green the environment to a certain extent, so the phytoremediation method is widely accepted. Cotton does not reach the standard of hyperaccumulation plants but has a relatively large biomass and shows more excellent tolerance ability and enrichment ability to heavy metals. Especially, the Cd concentration is lower in cotton fibre than in other cotton organs.Conclusions
Cotton may be a potential crop to ameliorate the heavy metal pollution of farmland in southern China. In addition, cotton remediation combining with multiple repair measures of heavy metal pollution would obtain better repair effect and ecological benefits, and agronomic management practices could also effectively enhance cotton-remedied heavy metal-polluted soils.14.
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以苏北盐城弶港镇滩涂围垦土壤为研究对象,进行了重金属Cr、Pb、As、Cd、Hg的测定及其风险评价,为我国沿海滩涂种植业的发展提供依据,并为其他国家和地区相关研究提供参考。结果表明,该区域土壤中5种重金属含量均未超过《国家土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)一级标准限制,农田土壤Cr、As、Cd含量较高,郊区菜地土壤Pb、Hg含量较高;重金属Cr、Pb、As、Cd含量在不同土地利用类型间存在显著性差异;Hg含量差异不显著。采用地积累指数法进行评估可知,土壤没有受到单项重金属污染。依据内梅罗综合指数法评估可知,潮间带沉积物、工业区土壤、滩涂围垦熟化的土壤没有受到重金属污染;郊区菜地与农田土壤的污染等级已达到警戒线,污染水平属于"尚清洁"。Hakanson潜在生态风险评价结果表明,区域内土壤重金属处于无风险等级,尚不具有潜在生态风险。 相似文献
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Axel Gzik Matthias Kuehling Ingo Schneider Bernd Tschochner 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2003,3(1):29-34
In soils, animals and plants from selected sites in the Rustenburg mining area, a part of the South African ore belt, the
heavy metal burden was examined. These sites belong to different soil types and are characterized by different land-use (agriculture,
grassland). The heavy metal contamination of the soil samples is relatively high and is dominated by chromium and nickel,
metals, which are extracted in the mine near the sampling sites. These high heavy metal concentrations had no clear inhibitory
influence on micro-organisms or the enzyme activity of soils. It appears that the high clay content of the soils may counteract
the influence of heavy metals. On the other hand, tolerant microbial populations may have been established. In addition, the
investigated culture plants there was no correlation between the heavy metal content of the soils and the concentrations in
roots and shoots. The dangerous, potential contamination of organs in humans seems to be modest, with the exception of tobacco
leaves. The heavy metal content of tissues in the examined animals reflect the environmental habitat in situ with no obvious
influence on the health of the animals. 相似文献
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土壤酶在关键元素生物地球化学循环、动植物健康维持、环境污染净化等方面起着不可替代的重要作用,同时还是土壤污染程度评价的辅助指标之一。然而,由于土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的差异,以及研究方法的多样化,导致重金属与土壤酶活性之间的关系十分复杂,阻碍了土壤酶在土壤质量和健康评价中的应用。系统阐述了重金属污染对土壤酶的生态毒理效应,及其对土壤酶催化动力学特征的影响,构建了土壤-重金属-微生物对土壤酶作用的概念模型,并探讨未来的研究趋势和方向。土壤酶活性测定高效、便宜,且对重金属污染敏感,是极具潜力的土壤重金属污染评价的生物学指标,但仅采用土壤酶活性可能高估或低估重金属的生态毒性,加之当前对土壤酶的选择、活性的测定均缺乏统一的标准,致使难以建立重金属毒性阈值与土壤理化性质或土壤重金属有效性之间的定量关系,最终导致土壤酶在土壤污染生态风险评价中存在争议。未来亟需通过新技术和数学模型,深入揭示不同类型土壤中酶对重金属胁迫的响应机理,构建土壤性质与毒性阈值关系的经验模型,可为加强土壤酶在土壤质量和健康评价中的应用提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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Mycorrhizae are ubiquitous symbiosis which can mediate uptake of some plant nutrients. In polluted soils they could be of great importance in heavy metal availability and toxicity to plants. Mycorrhizae have also been reported to protect plants against toxic metals. We investigated the occurrence and infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spores as affected by heavy metal levels and other soil properties in Norwegian soils collected from heavy metal polluted, high natural background and non-polluted areas. Spore numbers, mycorrhizal infectivity and spore germination of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi and of a reference strain (Glomus mosseae) in soils showed lower values in two soils with high metal concentrations and in one soil with a low pH. Mycorrhizal infectivity was negatively correlated with extractable metals. Spore number and mycorrhizal infectivity in a soil with naturally high heavy metal content were not different to in non-polluted soils, and indigenous AM fungi appeared more tolerant to metals than those in non-polluted soils. Mycorrhizal infectivity, expressed as MSI50 values, was significantly correlated (r′=0.89, P< 0.05) with the percentage of germinating G. mosseae spores in the soils. However, the number of spores per volume of soil was not significantly correlated with infectivity or spore germination of the reference strain. The spore germination method is discussed as a bioassay of heavy metal toxicity in soil. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):421-438
Abstract Heavy metals are often added indiscriminantly to soils in pesticides, fertilizers, manures, sewage sludges, and mine wastes, causing an imbalance in nutrient elements in soils. Heavy‐metal toxicity causes plant stress in various degrees dependent on the tolerance of the plant to a specific heavy metal. The objectives of this study were (i) to show that plant species and soils respond differently to heavy metals and (ii) to show the necessity for proper quantity and balance of heavy metals in soils for plant growth. Three Fe‐inefficient and three Fe‐efficient selections of soybean, corn, and tomato were grown on two alkaline soils with Cu and Zn ranging from 14 to 340 and Mn from 20 to 480 kg/ha. Heavy‐metal toxicity caused Fe deficiency to develop in these plants. The Fe‐inefficient T3238fer tomato and ys1/ys1 corn developed Fe deficiency on all treatments and both soils. T3238FER tomato (Fe‐efficient) did not develop heavy metal toxicity symptoms on any treatment or soil. The soybean varieties and WF9 corn were intermediate in their response. The unpredictable response of both the soil and the plant to heavy metals make general recommendations difficult. In order to maintain highly productive soils, we need to know what we are adding to soils and the consequences. Without some control, the continued addition of heavy metals to soils is a crisis in embryo. 相似文献