资源环境硬约束下中国耕地休耕优先区识别

为厘清全国耕地资源环境本底并识别中国休耕优先区,该研究从生态保护红线、土壤污染状况、地下水超采和耕地质量等级等4个维度,运用生态保护红线划定、内梅罗综合污染指数、地下水水位变幅等方法系统分析中国耕地资源环境胁迫因子空间格局及分异特征,并构建多准则休耕规则识别不同情景下中国休耕规模及优先区的空间分布。结果表明：1）中国北方划入生态保护红线范围内耕地面积远高于南方,划入一级生态保护红线范围内耕地占3.57%;2）中国耕地重、中度污染面积分别占1.23%和2.31%,南方整体污染高于北方且南方呈局部分散、北方呈点状集聚格局;3）地下水超采区集中于河北、河南、吉林和江苏,重度超采区仅占0.68%;4）耕地质量总体一般,劣等、低等耕地面积分别占3.69%和14.0%,北方明显高于南方且大范围分散分布。依据多准则休耕规则综合评判,划入休耕优先区占全部耕地的23.70%,比食品安全优先、产能损失最小和生态保护优先3种情景分别高8.40%、4.18%和3.12%,其中禁植必休区、限植休耕区和重点轮休区分别为1.95%、4.71%和6.18%。因此,必须从源头治理视角厘清耕地资源环境本底,权衡休耕的迫切性,为国家层面上休耕规划有效落地、污染休耕治理和耕地保护创新提供技术支撑。     

重金属污染区耕地轮作休耕治理农户参与意愿实证研究

  目的  研究我国农村重金属污染区耕地轮作休耕治理农户参与意愿,分析影响农户参与重金属污染区耕地轮作休耕治理影响因素,为我国重金属污染耕地长期治理的有效实施提供参考依据。  方法  基于343户的调查数据,构建累积logistic回归模型,探究我国重金属污染区耕地轮作休耕治理农户参与意愿及其影响因素。  结果  相比于男性,女性更愿意参与重金属污染轮作休耕治理（?0.1341）;农户参与意愿与受教育程度（?0.098）、家庭收入（0.2591）正相关,但与年龄（0.2036）负相关;农户参与意愿与轮作休耕治理政策了解程度（0.3049）、治理过程评价（0.0985）正相关,参与意愿受亲朋好友（?0.1110）影响较大,由于信任度原因现阶段农村基层组织政策宣传对农户参与意愿影响较小;农户参与意愿与轮作休耕后家庭收入变化（0.4851）正相关;农户参与意愿与自有耕地污染程度（?0.3995）负相关,与农户对环境关注度（?0.1953）呈负相关。  结论  农户个体特征及基本情况、参与后的家庭收入变化、耕地污染特征及对环境感知、政策宣讲及实施过程对农户参与意愿具备实质性影响。因此,要提高基层村组在政策宣讲和政策执行过程在农户心中的信任度;提高农业从业人员的受教育水平,降低农业从业人员平均年龄;增加农户家庭收入,拓宽农户收入来源渠道;从环境保护和收入层面加强治理的预期效应宣传,逐步消除农户污染治理与自身收入平衡的矛盾心理。     

土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数法优化研究

  目的  优化潜在生态风险指数评价标准,使其更适用于土壤重金属污染评价。  方法  参考瑞典学者H?kanson的方法,以城口县115件表层土壤中镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）等6种重金属为研究对象,基于重金属毒性系数,并结合内梅罗综合污染指数法（P_N）,以期验证潜在生态风险指数（RI）评价标准优化的适用性。  结果  ① 优化了土壤中6种重金属潜在生态风险评价分级体系:RI < 60,60 ≤ RI < 120,120 ≤ RI < 240,240 ≤ RI < 480,RI ≥ 480分别代表轻微、中等、强、很强、极强潜在生态风险。 ② 案例区6种重金属含量均值（算术均值,下同）分别为中国农用地土壤风险筛选值的5.0、0.39、0.52、0.44、0.23和0.76倍。③ 内梅罗污染评价显示,Cd处于重度污染[P_i(Cd) = 5.25],其余重金属处于无污染水平,P_N显示土壤重金属整体处于重度污染（P_N = 3.94）。④潜在生态风险评价结果显示,RI介于22.9 ~ 1582,均值196。优化前,案例区土壤6种重金属处于中等生态风险（优化前分级,150 ≤ RI < 300）,而优化后处于强潜在生态风险。  结论  案例验证研究表明,优化后的潜在生态风险评价分级体系适合土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价,能客观反映土壤重金属污染状况。     

宿州市矿区与耕地土壤重金属含量及其潜在生态风险评价

以调查宿州市矿区与耕地土壤的重金属污染状况数据为基础,按照有关标准和方法,对宿州市矿区与耕地土壤重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价,结果表明:宿州市矿区土壤重金属含量均值除Pb外,其它都大于耕地,且Hg、Cr含量远远超过耕地;从单因子污染指数看,矿区土壤重金属污染主要是Hg、Cr的污染,而耕地整体状况良好;从内梅罗综合污染指数的均值来看,矿区土壤全部被污染,耕地仅有6%中度污染,8%轻度污染;从潜在生态风险指数来看,矿区土壤属于中等风险等级,耕地属于低风险等级,各重金属元素对矿区土壤潜在生态风险贡献大小顺序为:矿区土壤Hg>Cd>As>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb,Hg潜在生态风险最大。     

基于"质量-风险"的干旱区休耕空间布局及补偿策略

构建节水型休耕生态补偿机制是干旱地区农业可持续发展的必然选择，探讨符合干旱地区休耕地的空间布局方法是提高休耕生态补偿效率的关键。该研究以新疆开都-孔雀河流域为例，从土壤理化属性和耕作便利条件两方面建立耕地质量评价指标体系，利用综合评估法评估流域内耕地质量状况；基于MEDALUS-ESAs模型框架，从土壤、气候、植被和土地利用与管理4个方面评估全流域的土地退化风险；综合考虑耕地质量和土地退化风险，利用Z-score方法确定休耕空间布局，并提出不同分区的休耕补偿策略。结果表明：1）开都-孔雀河流域耕地质量"总体良好，局部较差"，土地退化风险呈现"北低南高"的空间分布格局；2）流域内优先休耕区内耕地面积为67 814.60 hm2，次优先休耕区的耕地面积为71 784.94 hm2，限制休耕区内耕地面积为80 576.89 hm2，禁止休耕区内耕地面积为107 358.03 hm2；3）优先休耕区耕地的约束条件为耕地质量，可将休耕与耕地质量提升相结合，实施中长期休耕，依据农业收益损失和土地改良成本确定休耕补偿标准；次优先休耕区耕地质量较好，可与农业节水相结合，基于水资源短缺状况对耕地进行季节性休耕，依据农业收益损失确定休耕补偿标准；限制休耕区受耕地质量和生态安全的双重约束，应将休耕与耕地质量提升、生态保护相结合，实施年度休耕，依据农业收益损失、土地改良成本和生态保护成本确定休耕补偿标准。     

基于计划行为理论分析农户参与重金属污染耕地休耕治理行为

重金属污染耕地治理不仅需要有效的技术支撑,也需农户积极配合。针对农户层面研究较少的情况,该研究以湖南重金属污染耕地治理式休耕试点区的茶陵县为研究区,基于计划行为理论,构建了农户参与休耕行为模型,运用结构方程模型验证了模型的有效性。发现农户参与重金属污染耕地治理式休耕的行为逻辑遵循"认知-意愿-行为"的基本路径。农户的休耕行为响应受其行为意向及行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制等前置因素的影响。农户行为意向在其认知和行为响应之间起到中介效应。农户行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制之间均存在显著相关关系。研究结果强调,实行重金属污染耕地治理式休耕需以尊重农户意愿和稳定农户收益为基本原则,对乡村干部和农户加强休耕相关宣传培训,并增加农户参与休耕治理的工作机会,以提高农户行为积极性,提升休耕效果。     

典型复垦工业场地土壤垂直剖面重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险

[目的]揭示典型复垦工业场地中重金属元素污染特征及潜在生态风险,为此类工业复垦场地管理和治理提供科学依据。[方法]分析上海市33块典型复垦工业场地表层、中层和深层土壤中8项重金属(砷、镉、铬、铜、镍、铅、锌、汞)的含量,采用内梅罗指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对复垦工业场地土壤重金属污染进行生态风险评价。[结果]①复垦工业场地土壤中重金属整体风险可控,17个点位重金属含量超过风险筛选值,其中以表层土壤中Cu和Zn污染最为突出,最大超标倍数分别为3.24,3.73倍。下层土壤中重金属平均含量均低于上海市土壤背景值,部分点位存在一定的重金属累积;②复垦工业场地表层、中层和深层土壤重金属内梅罗综合污染指数分别为1.21,0.78,0.73,分别处于轻度污染、尚清洁和尚清洁水平,其中表层Cd和Zn污染最为突出;③除表层土壤Hg(中度)和Cd(中度)外,其余重金属元素均存在轻微生态风险,表层土壤潜在生态风险指数(RI)为107.22,总体潜在生态风险接近中等水平,中层及深层土壤处于轻微潜在生态风险水平。[结论]复垦工业场地土壤重金属存在一定程度的累积性污染,其中Cu,Cd,Hg和Zn污染较为突出,考虑到毒性响应因素,则Hg和Cd更应引起关注。     

煤矸石重金属释放活性及其污染土壤的生态风险评价

通过野外采样与室内实验分析煤矸石重金属的释放活性,并利用潜在生态风险评价法分析煤矸石山周边土壤污染及其潜在生态风险特征。结果表明,实验用煤矸石中重金属主要以残渣态存在,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和Cd的残渣态分别占其总量的56.86%,53.27%,72.01%,68.61%和75.93%,不易发生释放迁移,但少量酸溶态和氧化物结合态重金属易被淋溶后在矸石山周围土壤中累积并造成重金属污染。煤矸石山周边土壤重金属含量随着距离的增加呈现减少趋势,表明周边土壤受到煤矸石重金属污染,并且在土壤表层重金属含量最高,加大了重金属进入食物链危害人体健康的风险。通过潜在生态风险评价研究,采样区属于重金属Cd和Pb风险突出区,煤矸石距离5～10 m处潜在生态风险指数为272.34和164.34,属于中等潜在生态风险,其他各点潜在生态风险指数范围为94.62～141.79,属于轻微生态风险。     

西南喀斯特生态脆弱区实行轮作休耕问题探讨——以贵州省为例

轮作休耕制度是中国农业供给侧结构性改革的有效手段,是探索藏粮于地、藏粮于技的具体实现途径,对推动中国农业绿色发展和保障国家粮食安全具有重要战略意义。西南喀斯特生态脆弱区是轮作休耕制度试点的重点区域之一,贵州作为喀斯特生态脆弱区的典型代表,探讨其实行轮作休耕的现状、问题及对策,对完善该区轮作休耕制度具有重要指导意义。本文从耕地质量和耕地环境两方面分析了贵州实施轮作休耕的必要性;在剖析轮作休耕现状的基础上提出了贵州实行轮作休耕存在的问题,其中最突出问题为轮作模式面积不大、特色不强,休耕为被动休耕、休耕农田不合理。根据存在的问题,提出了实施轮作休耕的措施与对策,重点探讨了不同退化类型耕地实施轮作休耕的技术路径,耕地质量优越区应发展山地高效的特色农作制度,重金属污染区宜实施多年休耕,连作障碍、面源污染及石漠化区应合理实施轮作和休耕,同时与秸秆还田、肥田作物、有机肥、保护性耕作等措施相结合;最后,简要介绍了贵州实施耕地轮作休耕制度的实践。     

中国典型地区轮作休耕模式与发展策略

当前,全国各地正在按照党中央的战略部署,积极探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点。探索科学合理的轮作休耕模式与方法,对于我国农业的未来发展具有重要意义。2017年3—6月,中国科学院南京土壤研究所赵其国院士率领中国科学院学部咨询项目"探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点问题咨询研究"组的各位成员,深入江苏省、湖南省、河北省的典型地区进行耕地轮作休耕考察和调研。通过深入田间地头实地察看,与干部、群众座谈交流,获取了大量的第一手资料,同时结合已有的文献资料,经过归纳总结提炼,总结分析了我国连作障碍区(江苏省)、重金属污染区(湖南省)和地下水漏斗区(河北省)的三个典型地区的轮作休耕模式与技术措施。在连作障碍区主要采取轮作和休耕措施(冬耕晒垡模式、冬种绿肥模式、种植豆类模式和增肥培肥模式);在重金属污染区进行的轮作休耕模式主要有改种作物和品种、改良土壤、科学灌溉、控制吸收和"VIP+n"创新污染治理模式;在地下水漏斗区主要采取季节性休耕和周年休耕的模式。三大典型区域在实施相应的轮作休耕模式后,其经济社会生态效益得到了相应显著提高。同时对我国典型地区的轮作休耕模式与方法提出了"四项原则"、"四个统一"和采取"八大措施"的建议。在不同地区实施轮作休耕应因地制宜,分类实施推进耕地轮作休耕发展对策,为我国科学推行轮作休耕制度试点工作提供现实参考。     

Dynamics of soil hydraulic properties during fallow as affected by tillage

There is limited information on the effects of tillage practices on soil hydraulic properties, especially changes with time. The objective of this study was to evaluate on a long-term field experiment the influence of conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) on the dynamics of soil hydraulic properties over 3 consecutive 16–18 month fallow periods. Surface measurements of soil dry bulk density (ρ_b), soil hydraulic conductivity (K(ψ)) at −14, −4, −1 and 0 cm pressure heads using a tension disc infiltrometer, and derived hydraulic parameters (pore size, number of pores per unit of area and water-transmission porosity) calculated using the Poiseuille's Law were taken on four different dates over the fallow period, namely, before and immediately after primary tillage, after post-tillage rains and at the end of fallow. Under consolidated structured soil conditions, NT plots presented the most compacted topsoil layer when compared with CT and RT. Soil hydraulic conductivity under NT was, for the entire range of pressure head applied, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that measured for CT and RT. However, NT showed the largest mean macropore size (0.99, 0.95 and 2.08 mm for CT, RT and NT, respectively; P < 0.05) but the significantly lowest number of water-conducting pores per unit area (74.1, 118.5 and 1.4 macropores per m² for CT, RT and NT, respectively; P < 0.05). Overall, water flow was mainly regulated by macropores even though they represented a small fraction of total soil porosity. No significant differences in hydraulic properties were found between CT and RT. In the short term, tillage operations significantly increased K (P < 0.05) for the entire range of pressure head applied, which was likely a result of an increase in water-conducting mesopores despite a decrease in estimated mesopore diameter. Soil reconsolidation following post-tillage rains reduced K at a rate that increased with the intensity of the rainfall events.     

秸秆还田和休耕对赣东北稻田土壤养分的影响

通过田间试验研究了水稻秸秆还田和休耕对稻田土壤肥力的影响.结果表明,添加秸秆的处理S1R0和S1R1土壤有机碳含量分别有高于不添加秸秆的处理S0R0和S0R1的趋势,并在2011年早稻收获时达到显著水平.添加秸秆对全量养分的影响并不显著,但显著增加了土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量.2011年早稻收获时休耕处理土壤全氮和全磷含量显著高于连续种植水稻的处理.与2009年早稻收获时相比,201 1年早稻收获时S0R0和S1R0处理土壤速效磷含量分别提高了55.5％和29.3％,说明休耕显著提高了土壤速效磷含量.休耕处理土壤中速效钾含量一直维持在较高水平,而连续种植水稻的处理速效钾含量则逐年下降.     

Immobilization of sulphur-35, microbial biomass and arylsulphatase activity in soils from field-grown rape,barley and fallow

Soils under rape, barley and fallow were monitored for S immobilization, microbial biomass and arylsulphatase (ARS) activity. These soils were regularly collected in the field every fortnight from mid-April to the end of June 2001. Then, they were incubated for 1 week at 25°C with carrier-free ³⁵S (Na₂³⁵SO₄). The results showed significant correlation of both immobilized ³⁵S ( r =0.94, P <0.001) and ARS ( r =0.79, P <0.001) with microbial biomass-³⁵S (MB-³⁵S) but not with microbial biomass-C (MB-C). Therefore, only a fraction of MB-C was involved in the immobilization of ³⁵S and hence the release of ARS. In addition, positive correlations appeared between hot water-soluble C (HW-C), ³⁵S immobilization, MB-³⁵S and ARS, indicating the pivotal role of HW-C in regulating S immobilization and turnover. The mean percentage values of immobilized ³⁵S, MB-³⁵S and ARS were higher in soil from the fallow, followed by soils from barley and rape. However, under culture, the mean values of ARS per unit of MB-³⁵S showed the decreasing order: soil from rape (0.58)>soil from barley (0.46)>soil from fallow (0.34). It is concluded that microorganisms under rape were most efficient in producing ARS, a strategy used to cope with the SO₄^2--S limiting conditions.     

水旱轮作地区土壤长期休闲与耕种的肥力效应

长期定位试验水旱轮作地区土壤长期休闲和耕种对土壤肥力的影响研究结果表明，长期休闲土壤有机质、全N含量显著高于连续种植作物的土壤，其差异随土壤深度的增加而减小；休闲地15cm以上土层土壤N素矿化势高于耕种地；耕种土壤连续施入猪粪、作物秸秆等有机肥可保持与休闲土壤相当或远高于休闲土壤的有效磷水平，单施化肥或不施肥料的耕种土壤有效磷均低于休闲土壤；休闲和耕种对15-30cm土层土壤缓效钾含量无影响响，15cm以上土层土壤缓效钾含量休闲高于耕种；休闲土壤速效钾含量在整个耕作层（30cm）均高于耕种土壤；休闲土壤PH值略低于耕种土壤。     

Effects of salt stress on nitrogen fixation,oxygen diffusion,and ion distribution in soybean,common bean,and alfalfa

The exposure of legume nodulated‐roots to 100 mM NaCl resulted in a rapid decrease in plant growth associated with a short‐term inhibition of both nodule growth and nitrogenase activity (C₂H₂ reduction=ARA). However, these NaCl effects varied among species, common bean being more sensitive than soybean and alfalfa. The higher sensitivity of common bean was associated with a higher accumulation of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in the nodules and only a small difference between salt‐treated and control plants of common bean in their responses of ARA to raising rhizosphere pO₂. By contrast, soybean and alfalfa plants showed a higher stimulation of ARA by pO₂ for the salt‐treatment than for the control. It is concluded that the intraspecific variation in short‐term inhibition of ARA by salt may involve the regulation of O₂ diffusion and the distribution of ions in nodules.     

Weed seedbank response to tillage and crop rotation in a semi-arid environment

Seedbanks of five weed species were monitored in response to tillage and crop rotations in a semi-arid location in northern Jordan. Tillage practices of mouldboard- or chisel-plowing and cropping patterns of barley (Hordeum vulgare) planting or fallow were evaluated on permanently established subplots. Soil samples were collected from the upper 10 cm for three consecutive years, immediately after performing tillage and prior to planting. Soil seedbanks of the five dominant weed species (Anthemis palestina, Diplotaxis erucoides, Hordeum marinum, Rhagadiolus stellatus, and Trigonella caelesyriaca) were estimated by recovering viable seeds through greenhouse and laboratory procedures. At initiation, more viable seeds were present in soil subjected to mouldboard plowing than chisels plowing. In the following two sampling seasons, significant rotation by tillage interaction affected the seedbank of each species. Generally, mouldboard plowing increased weed seedbanks when combined with frequent fallowing. Conversely, chisel plowing combined with barley cropping generally reduced weed seedbank sizes. Results emphasized the importance of managing weeds during fallow to avoid the build up of H. marinum, a serious grass weed in semi-arid environments.     

Mulching with branches of an indigenous shrub (Guiera senegalensis) and yield of millet in semi-arid Niger

Crop residues from millet production in southwest Niger are limited for their utilization as mulch because of many other uses. Thus, branches of an indigenous shrub (Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel.) were tested with a randomised block design for their effect on millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) yield. Pearl millet was planted in 1995 and 1996 on a luvic Arenosol in southwest Niger. Three treatments were applied: control, 1000 kg ha⁻¹ dry matter Guiera-mulch and 2000 kg ha⁻¹ dry matter Guiera-mulch. Mulched plots had 68–94% higher millet yields compared to the control. Differences in soil properties before the treatments were applied, explained a high variability within the treatments. Significant differences of soil properties between blocks led to a distinction of infertile and fertile blocks. In infertile plots with 1000 kg ha⁻¹ Guiera-mulch, millet yield was higher than in plots with 2000 kg ha⁻¹ Guiera-mulch. Due to the many uses of Guiera senegalensis by the local farmers, an application of 1000 kg ha⁻¹ Guiera-mulch, at least on infertile soils, seems a good possibility to increase millet production.     

FACE 条件下休闲和秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田麦季土壤酶活性的影响

利用中国唯一的江都FACE(Free-airCO2 enrichment,开放式空气CO2浓度升高)平台,研究了大气CO2浓度升高下休闲(fallow,不种作物,但翻耕和施肥与其他处理相同)和秸秆还田对土壤脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、转化酶、芳基硫酸酯酶和荧光素二乙酸酯水解(FDA)的影响。研究结果表明:大气CO2浓度升高对于休闲土壤酶活性没有影响。在没有秸秆还田的情况下,大气CO2浓度升高刺激了土壤中脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、转化酶、芳基硫酸酯酶的活性和FDA水解,增加幅度分别达到了14.88%、19.41%、11.69%、17.12%和4.47%。除转化酶外,秸秆还田使土壤酶活性增加。随着秸秆还田量的增加,FACE效应先增加后消失。     

Future productivity of fallow systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Is the effect of demographic pressure and fallow reduction more significant than climate change?

In this century climate change is assumed to be the major driver for changes in agricultural systems and crop productivity at the global scale. However, due to spatial differences in cropping systems and in the magnitude of climatic change regional variations of climate change impact are expected. Furthermore, the recent climate projections are highly uncertain for large parts of West Africa. In particular with respect to annual precipitation and variability the projections vary between trends with decreasing precipitation and trends with slightly increasing precipitation within the next decades. On the other hand, the extensive fallow systems in this region suffer from increasing population pressure, which compromises soil fertility restoration. In the Republic of Benin, the demographic projections for the first half of this century indicate a continuous growth of the population with a narrow interval of confidence. Thus, in the absence of an adequate soil fertility management with judicious use of mineral fertilizers, the soil degradation process with decreasing crop yields is expected to continue. The objective of this paper was, therefore, to quantify the regional effect of future population growth on crop yields in West Africa and to compare it with the potential effects of climate change scenarios. Three land use scenarios (L1, L2 and L3) for the Upper Ouémé catchment where derived from different demographic projections combined with assumptions regarding future road networks and legal frameworks for forest protection using the CLUE-S modeling approach. The fallow-cropland ratio decreased in the three scenarios from 0.87 in the year 2000 to 0.66, 0.48 and 0.68 for L1, L2 and L3, respectively in 2050. Based on the projected ratio of fallow and cropland, trends of maize yield for the three land use scenarios were calculated using the EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) model coupled with a spatial database. Maize yields followed the decreasing trend of the fallow-cropland ratio and estimated yield reductions amounted to up to 24% in the period 2021-2050. This trend was compared with the impact of the SRES climate scenarios A1B and B1 based on the output of the GCM ECHAM5 downscaled with the REMO model and the A1B scenario output of the GCM HADC3Q0 downscaled with the RCMs SMHIRCA and HADRM3P. The yield reductions due to the projected climate change in the three models accounted for a yield decrease of up to 18% (REMO A1B scenario) in the same period. Taking into account the smaller uncertainties in the scenario assumptions and in the model output of the land use scenarios, it is concluded that, in low input fallow systems in West Africa, land use effects will be at least as important as climate effects within the next decades.     

Chemical and microbial properties of semiarid tropical soils of short-term fallows in Burkina Faso,West Africa

In the soudano–sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, the short-term fallow effect on the soil chemical and microbial properties was evaluated. In four farm experiments, two types of fallows were compared with cultivated fields: a natural vegetation fallow and a fallow enriched with Andropogon gayanus. After 5 to 7 years of experiments, soil chemical and microbial characteristics were determined in laboratory for 0–10 cm soil depth. Soil organic carbon (+64%), nitrogen (+35%), microbial biomass (+76%), basal respiration (+141%), and β-glucosidase activity (+86%) were significantly higher in fallows plots than in cultivated fields. The metabolic quotient was not significantly different on fallows compared to the cropped plots. Also, no significant difference was highlighted between natural vegetation fallows and the A. gayanus-enriched one.