共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
两株高效溶磷菌的溶磷能力及其对玉米生长和红壤磷素形态的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2.
一株耐盐溶磷真菌的筛选、鉴定及其生物肥料的应用效果 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
3.
适应玉米的溶磷细菌筛选及其对玉米生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
从石灰性土壤中分离获得4株高效溶磷细菌X5、X6、Z4和Z8,研究其生物学特征,探索其单独及复合的溶磷促生潜能。研究发现菌株X5、X6、Z4和Z8均可以利用玉米根系分泌物作碳源生长。菌株X6和Z4均能产生吲哚乙酸(IAA)和铁载体,菌株Z8可产生IAA不产生铁载体,菌株X5可产生铁载体不产生IAA。盆栽试验结果表明,接种单一溶磷菌及4株菌复合处理均可促进玉米生长,但复合菌群的溶磷促生效果显著高于单一菌株。通过16S r RNA基因序列分析研究菌株的分类地位,初步鉴定X5、X6、Z4、Z8分别为荧光假单孢菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、草假单胞菌(Pseudomonas poae)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。 相似文献
4.
糜子溶磷内生真菌的筛选及其鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]从产自宁夏回族自治区、甘肃省的不同糜子品种中分离、筛选出具有高效溶磷能力的内生真菌菌株并在糜子中接种,旨在评价其溶磷促生效果。[方法]采用溶磷圈和钼锑抗比色法测定糜子溶磷能力,同时通过盆栽试验测定其对糜子苗期生长、光合及磷素吸收累积的作用。[结果]从糜子种子内分离的内生菌株中有5株具有溶磷能力。其中,2株为来自甘肃省的LM_1(Talaromyces sp.黄丝曲霉属),LM_2(Talaromyces sp.),3株为来自宁夏回族自治区GM_1(Talaromyces sp.),GM_2(Penicillium sp.青霉属),GM_3(Penicillium chrysogenum产黄青霉)。GM_1,GM_3号菌株溶磷圈直径(D)与菌落直径(d)的比值(D/d)较大,分别达到了1.59,1.47;相同成分液体培养基中可溶性磷含量分别为264.75和323.48μg/ml,溶磷率分别达到5.26%和6.43%,显著(p0.05)高于其他菌株;其pH值分别为2.88和3.63,显著(p0.05)低于其他菌株。5个溶磷真菌的溶磷率与pH值呈极显著(p0.01)负相关。盆栽试验中,当磷用量减少75%和50%并接种溶磷菌GM3时,糜子SPAD值(叶绿素相对含量的一个参数)分别为20.63和21.46,净光合速率分别达为23.2和25.87μmol/(m~2·s)。植株全磷含量分别为10.08和12.39 mg/盆,均显著高于对照(CK)(p0.05),表明接种GM_3对糜子促生作用表现明显。[结论] GM_3为本试验得到的目标菌株,并且表现出良好的溶磷促生作用。 相似文献
5.
聚磷酸铵在土壤中有效性的变化及其影响因素 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
6.
土壤悬液培养法研究长期施肥下花生根际解磷菌溶磷特性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
基于长期野外定位试验和室内土壤悬液培养,研究长期不同有机与无机肥料配施(纯化肥(NPK)、化肥与厩肥配施(NPKM)和化肥与稻草秸秆配施(NPKS))下,花生根际土壤解磷菌对Ca_3(PO_4)_2(Ca-P)、FePO_4(Fe-P)和AlPO_4(Al-P)的溶解特性。结果表明:有机无机肥配施促进了解磷菌的繁殖,在Ca-P和Fe-P固体NBRIP(国际植物研究所磷酸盐生长培养基)培养基中,NPKM处理可培养解磷菌密度分别为6.15和5.80 log(cfu g-1 dry soil),高于其他处理。在分别以Ca-P、Fe-P和Al-P为唯一磷源的NBRIP液体培养基中添加土壤悬液培养9 d发现,NPKM处理对Fe-P和Al-P的最高溶磷量分别为221.8 mg kg~(-1)和205.5 mg kg~(-1);NPKS处理对Ca-P的溶解有明显的优势。相比于单一菌株,解磷菌溶磷能力无绝对优势,但更能反映田间复杂条件下实际溶磷效果。通过土壤悬液培养法,从微生物群体角度发现:长期无机肥和厩肥配施更能促进花生根际解磷菌的繁殖以及对无机磷的溶解,从而改善土壤缺磷状况,提高花生生物量和产量。 相似文献
7.
红壤溶磷菌的筛选及溶磷机制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用以磷酸铝为磷源的蒙金娜(PVK)液体培养基研究了从红壤土中筛选出的4种溶磷菌的溶磷效果,选出其中的优势菌株B1,并对其溶磷机理做出初步探讨。结果表明,所筛选出的4株溶磷菌在液体培养条件下均有显著的溶磷效果,其中菌株B1在培养4 d后有效溶磷量最大,达到292.8 mg L-1。各处理培养液pH在培养期间均有显著下降,pH从7.0下降至3.2~4.7。高效液相色谱测定发现,各菌株培养液中有机酸的种类与含量随培养时间变化而不同,其中菌株B1主要分泌草酸和苹果酸,培养1 d后有机酸总量可达到5 mmol L-1;通过添加有机酸对磷酸铝活化的试验表明,分泌有机酸溶磷仅是菌株B1溶磷机制之一,可能还存在其他溶磷机制。菌株B1生长的适宜pH范围为5~9,最适培养温度为30℃,100 ml三角瓶的最适装液量为30~40 ml。经鉴定,菌株B1与苏云金芽孢杆菌有99.9%的相似性。 相似文献
8.
氮硅磷肥配施提高四川春玉米的氮磷钾吸收和产量 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
9.
为研究溶磷真菌菌群对土壤磷素有效性的影响,首先在室内对3株不同种类溶磷真菌(1株属于被孢霉属Z1,1株为青霉属Z2,1株为黑曲霉Z3)的组合效应进行了研究,确定了最佳的菌株组合Z1+Z2+Z3,试验选用Z1、Z2、Z3组成菌群作为试验菌株;然后通过盆栽油菜试验研究溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷(磷酸三钙和磷矿粉)对土壤磷素有效性的影响。结果表明:溶磷真菌处理土壤有效磷、有机质、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶含量和油菜产量分别比基质处理显著增加了60.00%,20.21%,56.45%,53.81%,14.38%,溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷上述各指标都高于单施溶磷真菌处理;单施溶磷真菌对土壤最大吸磷量的影响与基质无差异,溶磷真菌配施难溶态磷可以显著降低土壤最大吸磷量,溶磷真菌+磷酸三钙和溶磷真菌+磷矿粉处理土壤最大吸磷量比溶磷真菌处理显著减少158.7,47.6 mg/kg,溶磷真菌各处理土壤吸附常数都低于对应的基质处理,溶磷真菌可以降低土壤对磷的吸附。在土壤上溶磷真菌应与难溶态磷配合施用,对提高土壤磷素有效性有积极的作用。 相似文献
10.
几株高效溶磷菌株对不同磷源溶磷活力的比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在液体培养条件下,研究了4株溶磷菌株(Bmp5、Bmp6、Bmp7和Fmp9)对不同磷源溶解能力的差异并与荧光假单孢菌As1.867和巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223进行了比较,探讨了菌株组合培养对溶磷活力的影响。结果表明,4株菌株对磷酸钙、磷酸铝、磷酸氢钙溶解能力明显高于磷酸铁和卵磷脂。以磷酸钙为磷源时,Fmp9的溶磷量比As1.867和As1.223分别高出约92%和48%;而以磷酸铝为磷源时,As1.223的溶磷量明显高于其他菌株;在磷酸氢钙为磷源的条件下,Bmp6为优势菌株,溶磷量高达785.51mg/L。对比研究发现,Bmp5、Bmp6、Bmp7及Fmp9的优势磷源分别为卵磷脂、磷酸氢钙、磷酸铝和磷酸钙。组合培养表明,Bmp5+Fmp9和Bmp6+Fmp9较单株菌的溶磷量有所增加,为较好的组合。试验得到的溶磷微生物配方已经应用于生物复合肥料的研究,并进行了盆栽实验,得到了较好的效果。该研究可为土壤生物肥料工业的微生物学研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
Laura Fernández Bidondo Josefina Bompadre Mariana Pergola Vanesa Silvani Roxana Colombo Fabiana Bracamonte Alicia Godeas 《Pedobiologia》2012,55(4):227-232
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have a positive effect on plant productivity primarily through increasing phosphate availability. In order to study the interaction between AM fungi and PSB, we used Bacillus megaterium, a PSB isolated from the sterilized surface of AM germinated spores, and two strains of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices with different mycelial architecture. A greenhouse experiment was designed with maize as host plant with the addition of tribasic calcium phosphate. We tested the hypothesis that PSB, intimately linked with AM fungi, could interact differentially with the two AM strains. We concluded that inoculation with the PSB positively affected maize mycorrhization. Insoluble phosphate alone did not influence the AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) length and maize mycorrhization when bacteria were not inoculated. The results provide evidence that the adverse effect on infectivity for some AM strains might be caused by solubilized phosphorus release to the rhizosphere by PSB. Differences related to the mycelium architecture of each AM strain were observed: the density of PSB in rhizosphere soil was significantly higher only with the GA8 strain coinciding with the highest values of maize biomass. The density of bacteria associated with GA8 mycelium could be the result of the transfer of photosynthates through the rhizosphere; this close contact would favor the persistence of the intimate relationship between PSB and AM hyphae. In the bacteria-free treatments, soil adherence was not significantly altered. Although the highest development of ERM occurred with GA5, plants inoculated with GA8 showed the highest values for soil adherence. This may be due to the AM mycelium which modifies bacterial persistence in the rhizosphere and consequently soil adherence. Our results show that for potential applications, some characteristics of the AM strains are key in the selection of the AM fungi–PSB combinations. These include the tolerance to soluble phosphorus, the rate of root colonization, and ERM development that favors the persistence of bacteria in rhizosphere soil. 相似文献
12.
山西矿区复垦土壤中解磷细菌的筛选及鉴定 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
【目的】矿区复垦土壤贫瘠、 有效磷含量低。解磷细菌能够将有机磷和难溶性无机磷转化为可溶性磷,促进植物对磷素的利用。因此筛选和鉴定具有解磷能力的菌株,可为解决矿区生态恢复使用的微生物肥料提供菌种资源。【方法】采用平板分离法初筛菌株,得到D/d1.5的菌株,然后以磷酸钙为磷源,通过液体发酵试验复筛菌株,挑选出解磷率高于巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)As1.223的菌株。以磷矿粉和卵磷脂为磷源,液体发酵试验测定菌株的解磷能力及磷酸酶活性。进行菌株的生长试验以测定菌株温度适宜性、 耐盐性及耐酸碱性。通过形态学、 基因序列分析及脂肪酸组成分析综合进行菌株鉴定。 菌落形态观察用营养琼脂平板培养基培养;菌体形态即细胞形态及其大小采用扫描电镜观察;基因序列分析采用16S rDNA序列测定,基因在线比对采用EzTaxon数据库;使用美国MIDI公司的Sherolock全自动细菌鉴定系统对菌株进行脂肪酸组成分析。【结果】利用无机磷和有机磷平板培养基,从山西省矿区复垦区土壤样品中筛选出19株解磷微生物,其中D/d1.5的有7株。在以磷酸钙为磷源的液体培养试验中,4株菌的解磷率高于巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223,解磷率为7.89%~12.61%,最高的为菌株Y14。4株菌对磷矿粉的解磷率为0.81%~1.21%,最高的为菌株Y14。在以卵磷脂为磷源的液体培养试验中,4株菌的解磷率与酸性磷酸酶活性分别为1.79%~3.07%和24.3~28.4U/L,均高于巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223; 碱性磷酸酶活性为11.9~50.2U/L;菌株Y14的解磷率与磷酸酶活性均最高。4株菌均有较强的环境适应能力,以Y14的适应性最强。H22、 Y11和Y34与假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)同源性在99%以上,Y14与泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)有99.79%的同源性; H22、 Y11和Y34的细胞脂肪酸组成特征峰与假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)相一致,Y14与泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)相一致;H22、 Y11和Y34被鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.),Y14为泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)。【结论】分离、 筛选到4株高效解磷菌,对于磷酸钙和卵磷脂的解磷率均高于巨大芽孢杆菌As1.223。4株菌分别隶属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)和泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)。菌株Y14无机磷与有机磷平板的D/d值分别为3.28与1.59,降解磷酸钙、 磷矿粉、 卵磷脂的解磷率分别为12.61%、 1.21%、 3.07%,酸性与碱性磷酸酶活性分别为28.4 U/L和50.2 U/L,均为4株菌里最高的,且环境适应能力最强,生长温度为20~60℃,能耐受pH 4~11的酸碱梯度和2%~7%的盐分梯度,Y14被鉴定为泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)。4株菌均具有良好的解磷能力及较强的环境适应能力,可望进一步研发成为微生物肥料生产菌种。综合D/d值、 解磷率、 磷酸酶活性和生长试验,本试验最终确定适合山西矿区复垦农田推广的高效解磷菌菌株为Y14。 相似文献
13.
黑土区高效溶磷真菌筛选及其溶解磷矿粉效果的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
黑土区高效溶P真菌筛选及其溶解磷矿粉效果的试验结果表明 ,溶P真菌溶P效果高于溶P细菌 ,且其溶P性状稳定。曲霉菌“P39”、“P37”和青霉菌“P6 6”、“P1”溶P效果高于其他供试菌 ,菌株之间溶P活性与培养液pH值和有机酸含量间不存在必然相关性 ,推测不同菌株间溶P活性差异与菌株产生的有机酸种类和数量有关 相似文献
14.
Sara De Bolle Mesfin T. Gebremikael Veerle Maervoet Stefaan De Neve 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(6):705-714
A way to bring phosphate-saturated soils back to an environmentally safe P level is by P mining through plants. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) could be very useful for increasing mining efficiency over time. The goal of this research was to investigate the adaptation and performance of PSB in conditions of high total P content in soil. In the first experiment, the P-solubilizing capacity of five PSB species (three Bacillus spp. and two Pseudomonas spp.) were tested under fully controlled conditions on several growth media with different forms of insoluble phosphate (FePO4, AlPO4, or (Ca)3(PO4)2) added at different rates. The colony growth after 14 days of inoculation demonstrated that all five bacteria were able to proliferate and solubilize P on each of the tested growth media, in contradiction with the normally used technique of halo determination. In the second experiment, the same bacterial species were inoculated in pure quartz sand amended with a nutrient solution and P was added separately in an insoluble form, as Fe–P, Al–P, or Ca–P. The extractable ammonium lactate ranged from 3.2 to 6.9 and 29.0 to 40.7 mg?kg?1 sand for the insoluble Al–P and Fe–P treatments, respectively. Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus brevis performed best as PSB at high P concentration where the P is fixed with Al or Fe. In the third experiment, P. putida and B. brevis were inoculated in an acidic sandy, P-saturated soil for 4 weeks. The inoculation of the PSB gave promising results in solubilizing P. 相似文献
15.
Leticia Andrea Fernández Pablo Zalba Marisa Anahí Gómez Marcelo Antonio Sagardoy 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(6):805-809
The efficiency of 13 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB; four Burkholderia sp., five Enterobacter sp., and four Bradyrhizobium sp.) was assessed in a soil plate assay by evaluating soil phosphorus (P) availability. A commercial argentine strain, Pseudomonas
fluorescens, was used for comparing solubilizing activity. Burkholderia sp. PER2F, Enterobacter sp. PER3G, and Bradyrhizobium sp. PER2H strains solubilized the largest quantities of P in the soil plate assay after 60 days as compared with the other
strains, including the commercial one. The effect of PSB inoculation on growth and nutrient uptake of soybean plants was also
studied under greenhouse conditions. Plants inoculated with Burkholderia sp. PER2F had the highest aerial height and showed an appropriate N/P ratio. However, none of the PSB increased P uptake
by plants. This suggests that PSB inoculation does not necessarily improve P nutrition in soybean, nor was there any relationship
between P availability in the soil plate assay and P content in the soybean shoot in the greenhouse. We concluded that the
selection of efficient PSB strains as possible inoculation tools for P-deficient soils should focus on the integral interpretation
of soil assays, greenhouse experiments, and field trials. 相似文献
16.
The effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megateriumi) (PSB) and earthworms (Pheretima guillelmi and Eisenia fetida) on phosphorus (P) turnover and transformation in soil were investigated in a laboratory experiment lasting for 21 days. The treatments included soil + P. guillelmi (SW1), soil + E. fetida (SW2), soil + B. megaterium (SB), soil + P. guillelmi + B. megaterium (SBW1), soil + E. fetida + B. megaterium (SBW2), and the control with sterilized soil (control) only. The results showed that the number of B. megaterium. was enhanced in all treatments especially those with earthworms added when compared with the control. Activities of acid phosphatase (pH = 6.5) increased in all treatments, especially in the presence of P. guillelmi with or without PSB (64 % and 38 %, respectively). Significant increases in both inorganic P and water‐soluble P were observed in treatments involving B. megaterium. and earthworms when compared with the control. Inoculation of both earthworms and PSB had significant effects on microbial growth, enzymatic activity, and thus enhanced the release of available P. The dual inoculation of earthworms and bacteria further accelerated P transformation. Different performances observed for the earthworm species were probably due to their different feeding habits and physiology. 相似文献
17.
18.
施磷水平和接种AMF与解磷细菌对苜蓿产量及磷素利用效率的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探讨不同施磷水平下接种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi,AMF)与解磷细菌对苜蓿干物质产量及其磷素利用效率的影响,筛选出苜蓿最佳的施肥模式,为紫花苜蓿高效生产及高效复合型菌肥的研制提供理论依据。该研究试验采用双因素随机区组设计,AMF选用摩西管柄囊霉,解磷细菌选用巨大芽孢杆菌,设置4个施菌水平:分别为接种摩西管柄囊霉(Fm,J1)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bm,J2)、混合菌种(Fm×Bm,J3)和未接菌处理对照组(J0)。施磷(P2O5)设置4个水平P0~P3分别为:0、50、100和150 mg/kg,菌磷互作共16个处理。结果表明:1)相同施菌条件下,苜蓿各茬次干物质产量、总干物质产量和植株磷含量均随施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。除J2条件下,J2P1处理下的苜蓿总干物质产量达到最大值外,其他施菌条件下,苜蓿的总干物质产量均在P2处理达到最大,且施磷处理显著大于未施磷处理(P<0.05)。苜蓿的磷肥偏生产力及磷肥农学效率均随施磷量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,而土壤全磷含量和速效磷含量均随着施磷量的增多呈增加的趋势。2)相同施磷处理下,单接种菌处理和混合接种处理下苜蓿的干物质产量、植株磷含量、磷素利用效率、土壤全磷以及速效磷含量均显著大于不接菌处理(P<0.05),其中总干物质产量、土壤全磷和速效磷含量均在J3处理达到最大值。根际土壤速效磷含量与干物质产量拟合的相关系数最大,拟合效果最好。土壤全磷、速效磷含量均与总干物质产量呈显著正相关。因此,当施磷量为100 mg/kg,混合接种AMF与解磷细菌能够显著增加苜蓿土壤磷素有效性,提高磷素利用效率,进而增加苜蓿的干物质产量。 相似文献