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1.
脱硫副产物对改良碱化土壤的理化性质与作物生长的影响   总被引:40,自引:4,他引:36  
由于脱硫副产物的主要成分为CaSO4,因此可以用来改良碱化土壤。通过盆栽试验研究了脱硫副产物对碱化土壤的改良效果,试验设8个处理,4个脱硫副产物水平(0,7 5,15,22 5t/hm2)和2个淋洗水平(750,1200m3/hm2)。研究表明:施加脱硫副产物增加了葵花的出苗率,降低了碱化土壤的碱化度(ESP)、pH、全盐量(TDS)和Na K /Ca2 Mg2 ,但过量施加脱硫副产物也会抑制作物的出苗和生长;淋洗可以提高脱硫副产物的改良效率。根据试验结果推测当ESP=63 5,pH=9 15时,获得最佳产量的脱硫副产物用量13 05t/hm2。脱硫副产物用量7 5t/hm2和淋洗水量1200m3/hm2的处理组合对碱化土壤改良效果最佳,葵花出苗率和单株产量分别达到了92 5%和36 40g。  相似文献   

2.
[目的] 探究脱硫石膏与聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)配施对盐碱化土壤的改良效果,为改良西北地区盐碱化土壤提供理论和技术依据。[方法] 通过土柱模拟淋溶试验和盆栽模拟生长试验,从促进盐分淋洗,降低土壤含盐量,降低土壤pH值,改善土壤养分状况,促进作物生长的角度对脱硫石膏和γ-PGA配合施用对盐碱地的改良效果进行研究。[结果] 脱硫石膏与γ-PGA配施能进一步降低淋后土壤的pH值,提高Na+淋洗;可降低淋洗后HCO3-和Cl-的含量,但提高淋洗后土壤SO42-,Ca2+和Mg2+含量;有效降低淋后土壤钠吸附比(SAR)值。盆栽试验表明脱硫石膏与γ-PGA配施可显著增加玉米的株高、叶面积和干重,其中生长30 d时该处理玉米干重达到最大值,较对照处理增加了54.40%,较单施脱硫石膏和γ-PGA处理分别增加了40.27%和29.47%。此外,脱硫石膏与γ-PGA配施植株收获后土壤的pH值更低,且土壤N,P,K养分含量和土壤酶活性更高。[结论] 脱硫石膏和γ-PGA配施能起到较好的互补增效作用,进一步促进了土壤离子交换,降低了pH值,提高了土壤养分含量,促进了作物生长。  相似文献   

3.
冬季咸水结冰灌溉是将冬季自然冷资源与滨海盐碱地区丰富的咸水资源相结合, 通过自然结冰使咸淡分离, 再利用结冰融化时咸水先流出淡水后流出会对土壤起到一定的洗盐作用的原理, 对盐碱地进行改良。本文通过大田试验, 研究了冬季咸水结冰灌溉及改良剂对天津滨海盐碱地水盐运移的影响。结果表明, 通过咸水结冰灌溉能降低根层土壤含盐量, 且灌溉水量与土壤含水量呈正相关。冬季咸水结冰灌溉初期可能会引起土壤碱化, 但随着冰层融化及时间的推移, 各处理的碱化趋势会逐渐消弱。在滨海盐土施用磷石膏能够降低HCO3-含量, 增加SO42-、Ca2+含量, 有效降低Cl-、Na+在总盐分中的比例, 且磷石膏施用量越大, 根层土壤的pH 越低、保水能力越强(7 500 kg·hm-2 磷石膏>4 500 kg·hm-2 磷石膏); 施用磷石膏和大水量的咸水结冰灌溉都能很好地促进柽柳生长,且咸水冬季结冰灌溉和施用磷石膏配合(1 350 m3·hm-2 结冰灌溉+7 500 kg·hm-2 磷石膏)效果最好。因此, 咸水结冰灌溉配合改良剂应用可有效改良滨海盐土, 改善因咸水结冰灌溉而带来的土壤碱化问题, 为早期植物萌发生长提供有利条件。  相似文献   

4.
为了实现内蒙古河套灌区盐碱土壤快速改良和构建淡化和肥沃的耕层,将脱硫石膏分别与腐植酸(改良剂GF)、糠醛渣(改良剂GH)按2∶3的质量比配制两种钙基型土壤改良剂。采用田间小区试验,以不施用改良剂为对照(CK),研究了两种改良剂不同施用量处理(15、30和45 t/hm2)对收获期土壤盐分离子、养分含量和向日葵产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,两种改良剂处理显著降低了0~40 cm土层的pH值和0~20 cm土层的钠吸附比,但20~40 cm土层全盐量有所增加,尤其是改良剂施用量为45 t/hm2的处理。两种改良剂处理均可显著提高0~20 cm土层有机质含量,改良剂GF可提高土壤有效磷和铵态氮含量,改良剂GH可提高土壤速效钾含量。向日葵产量也得到显著提高,主要与土壤pH值、有效磷及铵态氮含量显著相关,在同等施用量条件下,改良剂GF消减土壤盐碱障碍,提高土壤养分含量的效果明显优于改良剂GH,进而获得了较高的向日葵产量。综上所述,改良剂GF施用量为15 t/hm2的处理在短期内能够实现土壤盐碱土壤改良、培肥和增产的效果,可在内蒙古河套灌区及同类地区进行推广应用。  相似文献   

5.
脱硫石膏配施聚马来酸酐对碱化土壤的改良效果研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对我国吉林地区碱化土壤的特点,通过田间小区试验,研究了水稻种植条件下不同用量脱硫石膏对碱化土壤的改良效果,同时进行了脱硫石膏配施聚马来酸酐(HPMA)增强改良效果的研究。结果表明,脱硫石膏可以显著降低碱化土壤pH值、碱化度,其中耕层土壤pH值最大降幅为1.59,碱化度(ESP)降幅在30%以上。施用脱硫石膏主要通过影响土壤水溶性Na~+、Ca~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-含量来调节土壤含盐量;适量施用脱硫石膏可以显著降低土壤含盐量,最大降幅为1.81 g·kg~(-1),过量脱硫石膏带入土壤的盐分不能及时淋洗反而会导致土壤含盐量增加。脱硫石膏配施聚马来酸酐对降低土壤pH值、碱化度无显著影响,但在一定程度可以降低土壤含盐量。从改碱与降低含盐量两方面综合考虑,建议东北碱化土壤改良过程中添加脱硫石膏的质量配比以2%为基础进行调整。  相似文献   

6.
通过土柱淋洗试验的方法,研究了脱硫副产物在改良碱性土壤过程中对碱性土壤化学指标(代换性钠、ESP、SAR、pH值)的影响。本研究采用两种碱性土壤(强度碱化土和碱土),两种土壤各分两个脱硫副产物施用水平(强度碱化土为3 g kg-1和3 6 g kg-1;碱土为7 g kg-1和8 4 g kg-1)。结果表明,经过施加烟气脱硫副产物和淋洗各种试验处理的代换性钠、ESP、SAR和pH值都有了明显的降低,碱性土壤得到了改良;同时,高烟气脱硫副产物施加水平的碱性土壤改良效果要优于低施加水平的碱性土壤;强度碱化土和碱土分别施加3 6 g kg-1、8 4 g kg-1烟气脱硫副产物后,在强度碱化土表层(0~40 cm)和碱土表层(0~20 cm)ESP<15、SAR<13和pH<8 5,已经降至中度碱化土水平,改良效果显著。  相似文献   

7.
采用2水平灌水量(4541.0和2270.6 m3/hm2)×3水平氮肥追施量(747.4、373.9 kg/hm2和0),以番茄品种Skala为试材,研究了不同水、氮供应水平对日光温室越冬栽培番茄土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶等活性及细菌、放线菌、真菌等微生物数量的影响。结果表明:高灌水(4541.0 m3/hm2)或高施氮量(747.4 kg/hm2)可显著降低土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性;水、氮协调供应有利于土壤蔗糖酶活性和土壤微生物数量的提高;通过多目标评价,在该试验条件下,当灌水量4541.0 m3/hm2、氮肥追施量373.9 kg/hm2可获得最优的土壤生物环境。  相似文献   

8.
灌溉对大麦/玉米带田土壤硝态氮累积和淋失的影响   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7  
以甘肃省河西走廊灌区为试验地点,分别在0、150、300 kg/hm2氮水平和816、1632 m3/hm2灌水量下,对3次灌水前、后大麦/玉米带田0~200 cm土壤NO-3-N含量变化和灌水后135 cm处渗漏液NO-3-N浓度进行了测定。结果表明:灌水明显影响土壤硝态氮累积量,随灌水次数增加,土壤硝态氮累积量降低,而且在高灌水条件下土壤硝态氮累积量变化比低灌水量时大。从渗漏液硝态氮浓度来看,大麦带和玉米带都是以第1次灌水最高,浓度分别为8.04~17.21和3.30~14.57 mg/L。3次灌水土壤硝态氮淋失量,玉米带以N 150 kg/hm2和灌水量1632 m3/hm2最高,平均为4.31 kg/hm2;大麦带以N 150 kg/hm2及灌水量1632 m3/hm2和N 150 kg/hm2及灌水量816 m3/hm2比较高,平均为6.82 kg/hm2。  相似文献   

9.
以内蒙古河套灌区典型的盐碱土为研究对象,采用烟气脱硫石膏、腐殖酸、保水剂材料研发的复合调理剂对根区盐碱土进行综合改良,通过室内盆栽试验,分析不同配比烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂对土壤pH值、碱化度、全盐、盐基离子含量、养分水平、含水量、硬度及向日葵出苗率的影响。结果表明:(1)不同比例施用烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂后土壤pH值均显著降低,降低幅度0.45~0.79个单位,土壤中Na~+和CO_3~(2-)+HCO_3~-含量分别降低了9.7%~20.1%和14.3%~30.4%;(2)不同比例施用烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂后土壤有机质、碱解氮和含水量分别增加了13.9%~119.3%、9.1%~159.2%和4.4%~20.2%,土壤硬度降低了13.4%~56.7%;(3)不同比例施用烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂后,向日葵出苗率从6.7%增加到了20.0%~66.7%;通过对盐碱土综合改良效果及向日葵出苗率进行分析,烟气脱硫石膏型复合调理剂的最优配方为烟气脱硫石膏2 580 kg·hm~(-2)、腐殖酸774 kg·hm~(-2)、保水剂516 kg·hm~(-2)。  相似文献   

10.
ESP值和黏粒含量对土壤表面封闭作用的影响   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
降雨导致土壤表面结皮形成封闭是自然现象,它能降低土壤入渗,增加土表径流,导致土壤侵蚀。该文系统地研究了不同性质土壤表面的封闭作用过程,分别确定封闭过程中的物理机械作用和化学作用。试验采用了具有不同土壤交换性钠百分率(ESP)值(2、5、10、20)和黏粒含量(10%、20%、40%、60%)的4种土壤进行降雨模拟试验,通过土壤表面播撒磷石膏(PG)(2000 kg/hm2)和PG与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)(PG 2000 kg/hm2+PAM 20 kg/hm2)混合物的处理,分别抑制了土壤的化学封闭和物理封闭,论述了ESP值和黏粒含量对土壤化学封闭和物理封闭作用的影响,结果表明:在高ESP值土壤中,化学封闭作用占土壤封闭的主导作用;低ESP值土壤中,土壤的物理封闭作用增大。当黏粒含量较低时,土壤物理封闭作用较低;当黏粒含量较大时,土壤物理封闭作用显著增大。  相似文献   

11.
为了评价不同改良剂对盐渍化土壤的改良效果,以葵花为研究对象,采用大田裂区试验方法,设置生物炭(DC,22.5 t/hm~2)、脱硫石膏(DS,37.5 t/hm~2)、脱硫石膏加有机肥(DSF,各37.5 t/hm~2)、对照(DCK)4种处理。结果表明:施加改良剂均降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度,生物炭效果最明显,在耕层(0—20 cm)收获后较播种前土壤容重降低6.11%,是DCK的4倍,孔隙度增加12.89%,是DCK的5倍;脱硫石膏降低土壤pH和电导率效果最优,最大降幅分别为10.09%和28.51%;3种改良剂对盐渍化土壤的肥力效应不同,与对照相比,在收获后生物炭处理显著提高土壤耕层有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量,脱硫石膏显著提高速效钾含量;各改良剂处理能显著增加葵花株高、茎粗、干物质积累量和百粒重,且生物炭处理的葵花产量最高,为4 539.60 kg/hm~2,较对照增产32.28%。综上所述,在河套灌区盐渍化土壤中施入不同改良剂后,土壤性状得到明显改善,促进葵花的正常生长,提高了产量。其中施入生物炭22.5 t/hm~2对盐渍土壤改良效果最佳,其次是施入脱硫石膏37.5 t/hm~2,能有效地提高土壤肥力和葵花产量。  相似文献   

12.
土壤盐碱化是中国西北干旱灌区农业可持续发展的关键制约因素之一。为探讨联合施用褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏对盐碱土改良的效果,该研究在内蒙古河套灌区开展了连续2 a的田间试验,分析了褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用对种植向日葵的盐碱农田土壤理化性质和水肥利用效率的影响。试验设置了6个处理:只施用化肥的对照处理(CK)、只施用2 t/hm2褐煤有机肥的处理(LBF),以及4个褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用的处理,即在施用2 t/hm2褐煤有机肥基础之上再分别施用5(LBF+F5)、10(LBF+F10)、15(LBF+F15)、20(LBF+F20)t/hm2脱硫石膏。结果表明:在0~40 cm土层,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用显著改变了土壤盐分组成,增加了土壤中可溶性Ca2+、SO42-和Mg2+的含量,降低了可溶性Na+、CO32-和HCO3-的含量。与对照处理相比,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用处理使0~20 cm土层土壤pH...  相似文献   

13.
Zhou  Meng  Liu  Xiaobing  Meng  Qingfeng  Zeng  Xiannan  Zhang  Jizhou  Li  Dawei  Wang  Jie  Du  Weiling  Ma  Xianfa 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(10):3521-3533
Purpose

Serious soil salinization, including excessive exchangeable sodium and high pH, significantly decreases land productivity. Reducing salinity and preventing alkalization in saline-sodic soils by comprehensive improvement practices are urgently required. The combinations of aluminum sulfate with different types of fertilizer at different rates were applied on rice paddy with saline-sodic soils of the Songnen Plain in Northeast China to improve soil quality and its future utilization.

Materials and methods

Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design. Twelve treatments with aluminum sulfate at the rates of 0, 250, 500, and 750 kg hm?2 with inorganic, bio-organic, and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers were performed. Soil pH, electronic conductivity (EC), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), total alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nutrients, soluble ions, rice growth, and yield in the saline-sodic soils were measured across all treatments. The relationships among the measured soil attributes were determined using one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and systematic cluster analysis.

Results and discussion

The pH, EC, ESP, total alkalinity, SAR, Na+, CO32?, and HCO3? in saline-sodic soil were significantly decreased, while CEC, SOC, available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), K+, and SO42? were significantly increased due to the combined application of aluminum sulfate with fertilizer compared with the fertilizer alone. The most effective treatment in reducing salinity and preventing alkalization was aluminum sulfate at a rate of 500 kg hm?2 with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. This treatment significantly decreased the soil pH, EC, ESP, total alkalinity, SAR, Na+, and HCO3? by 5.3%, 28.9%, 41.1%, 39.3%, 22.4%, 23.5%, and 35.9%, but increased CEC, SOC, AN, AP, AK, K+, SO42?, rice height, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, and yield by 77.5%, 115.5%, 106.3%, 47.1%, 43.3%, 200%, 40%, 6.2%, 43.9%, 20.3%, and 42.2%, respectively, compared with CK treatment in the leaching layer.

Conclusions

The combined application by aluminum sulfate at a rate of 500 kg hm?2 with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is an effective amendment of saline-sodic soils in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. These results are likely related to the leaching of Na+ from the soil leaching layer to the salt accumulation layer and desalination in the surface soil, and the increase of SOC improved the colloidal properties and increased fertilizer retention in soil. In addition, the environmental impact of aluminum sulfate applied to soil needs to be further studied.

  相似文献   

14.
为探明盐渍化农田不同施氮水平下向日葵氮素吸收利用规律,采用15N同位素示踪技术进行田间微区试验,以不施氮处理(N0)为对照,设计3种施氮水平(N1=150 kg/hm2、N2=225 kg/hm2、N3=300 kg/hm2),于向日葵成熟期测定植株和0—100 cm土层土壤15N同位素丰度及总氮含量,研究各处理肥料氮素的去向及其利用机制。结果表明:向日葵氮素吸收量随施氮量的增加而增加,成熟期作物氮素吸收量在N2水平较不施氮显著增加38.7%;土壤氮和肥料氮对作物当季氮素吸收的贡献比例为84.9%和15.1%。N2水平下,肥料氮的贡献比例较N1增加35.7%,土壤氮的贡献比例较N1降低4.3%。肥料氮残留量随土层深度增加而减少,土壤中47.4%的残留肥料氮主要集中在0—20 cm土层。不同施氮水平下肥料氮去向均表现为氮肥损失率>氮肥残留率>氮肥利用率,N2施氮水平下氮肥利用率较N1、N3显著提高22.7%和14.6%,土壤残留率较N1、N3减少8.5%和8.6%。综合考虑向日葵氮素吸收利用及土壤中氮素残留情况,225 kg/hm2施氮量下氮肥利用率为27.4%,氮肥残留率为32.3%,氮肥损失率为40.3%,是中度盐渍化农田较适宜的施氮量。  相似文献   

15.
The effects of wheat, potato, sunflower, and rape residues and calcite were evaluated in soil that received sodic water. These materials were added to a sandy‐loam soil at a rate of 5%, after which the treated soils were incubated for 1 month at field‐capacity moisture and a temperature of 25°C–30°C. Column leaching experiments using treated soils were then conducted under saturated conditions using water with three sodium‐adsorption ratios (SAR) (0, 10, 40) with a constant ionic strength (50 mmol L–1). The results indicated that the application of plant residues to soils caused an increase in cation‐exchange capacity and exchangeable cations. Leaching experiments indicated that the addition of plant amendments led to increased Na+ leaching and decrease in exchangeable‐sodium percentage (ESP). The ESP of the control soil, after leaching with solutions with an SAR of 10 and 40, increased significantly, but the level of sodification in soils treated with plant residue was lower. Such decreases of soil ESP were greatly affected by the type of plant residues, with the order of: potato‐treated soil > sunflower‐treated soil > rape‐treated soil > wheat‐treated soil > calcite‐treated soil > control soil.  相似文献   

16.
LI Fa-Hu  R. KEREN 《土壤圈》2009,19(4):465-475
A laboratory lysimeter experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of forage corn (Zea mays L.) stalk application on the CO2 concentration in soil air and calcareous sodic soil reclamation. The experimental treatments tested were soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels of 1, 11, and 19, added corn stalk contents of 0 to 36 g kg-1, and incubation durations of 30 and 60 days. The experimental results indicated that corn stalk application and incubation significantly increased CO2 partial pressure in soil profile and lowered pH value in soil solution, subsequently increased native CaCO3 mineral dissolution and electrolyte concentration of soil solution, and finally significantly contributed to reduction on soil sodicity level. The reclamation effciency of calcareous sodic soils increased with the added corn stalk. When corn stalks were added at the rates of 22 and 34 g kg-1 into the soil with initial ESP of 19, its ESP value was decreased by 56% and 78%, respectively, after incubation of 60 days and the leaching of 6.5 pore volumes (about 48 L of percolation water) with distilled water. Therefore, crop stalk application and incubation could be used as a choice to reclaim moderate calcareous sodic soils or as a supplement of phytoremediation to improve reclamation effciency.  相似文献   

17.
土壤施硒酸钠对盐碱地油用向日葵产量及营养品质的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
昝亚玲  张丽光  王创云  王磊  原红娟  邓妍  赵丽  郭红霞 《土壤》2020,52(5):1011-1016
通过大田试验研究了土施不同浓度硒对盐碱地油用向日葵产量及营养品质的影响,为当地盐碱地的综合开发利用及富硒功能农产品的生产提供参考依据。油葵籽仁中全氮含量采用凯氏定氮仪测定,其他矿质元素含量采用原子吸收分光光度计测定,籽仁脂肪酸含量采用气相色谱法测定。结果表明: 土施适宜浓度硒肥(300 g/ha)有利于提高油用向日葵产量,而过低(100~200 g/ha)或过高浓度硒肥(400 g/ha)均降低了油用向日葵产量;土施100~200 g/ha硒,提高了K、S、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Se、油酸和亚油酸含量,降低籽仁Cr、Cd、Pb含量;土施硒300 g/ha左右有利于降低籽仁棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量。综合考虑油葵产量和各营养指标的变化情况,在盐碱地生产富硒油用向日葵的最适宜的土施硒的浓度为200~300 g/ha左右?  相似文献   

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