胡敏酸吸附解吸Fe3+反应特征研究

采用C-25葡聚糖凝胶层析方法研究了在不同酸度、离子强度、温度条件下胡敏酸（HA）吸附解吸Fe3^＋特征.结果表明,在相同离子强度、反应温度条件下,随着pH的升高,HA对Fe（Ⅲ）最大吸附量Smax和吸附平衡常数k增加,标准摩尔自由能变△Gom绝对值减小.相同pH和温度下,离子强度从0.00到0.10mol L^-1,HA对Fe（Ⅲ）最大吸附量Smax和吸附亲和力常数k增加,自由能变△G^o m绝对值减小,但离子强度从0.10 mol L^-1继续上升到0.15 mol L^-1,则上述特征常数变化刚好相反.温度升高,胡敏酸吸附Fe3^＋的最大吸附量、吸附平衡常数k、自由能变△G^o m绝对值均较大幅度降低,表明升高温度对吸附反应不利.吸附反应的焓变△H^o m和熵变△S^o m均小于零,为放热反应,反应向更有序状态进行;在相同条件下,pH越大,焓变△H^o m和熵变△rS^θ m绝对值越大,表明pH越大,越有利于吸附反应的进行.随着pH的升高,Fe3^＋被还原的百分率η减小,用幂函数方程拟合,相关系数达到显著水平.随着pH的降低,胡敏酸铁Fe3^＋解吸率增大;对解吸率曲线进行拟合,线形方程具有显著的相关系数.胡敏酸吸附Fe3^＋的反应为包括胡敏酸内部和外部结合的“两相”反应.     

不同腐殖酸组分对湖泊沉积物中重金属释放的影响

腐殖酸作为湖泊沉积物中有机质的主要成分．对重金属具有强烈的富集能力，从而影响湖泊沉积物中重金属向水中的释放。本文深入探讨了腐殖酸的不同组分对沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd向水中释放的影响。结果表明：腐殖酸的添加使沉积物中重金属的释放置明显受到影响。Cu、Zn、Pb、CA4种重金属随着胡敏酸和富里酸的添加．释放量逐渐增加，并且两种腐殖酸的用量越大．重金属的释放量越大。向沉积物中加入同等量的胡敏酸、富里酸，两种腐殖酸对重金属释放的促进作用胡敏酸〉富里酸。向沉积物中加入不同用量的富里酸FA，沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的释放率分别为73％～80％，18．5％～22％，7．5％～10％．97％～99％；而在相同条件下，向沉积物中加入不同用量的胡敏酸HA，对以上4种重金属的释放率分别为66．5％～72％，15．5％～19．5％．6％～8．5％，96％～98．5％。在腐殖酸用量相同的情况下，溶液的pH对沉积物中重金属的释放也会产生影响。即随着pH值上升．释放量逐渐减少。当pH=8时，释放量基本上已不再发生变化，说明此时沉积物中的重金属基本上与腐殖酸的羧基反应完毕。     

诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附热力学与动力学特征研究

根据OECD Guideline106批平衡实验,研究了诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附热力学和动力学,并探讨了其可能吸附机理。结果表明,诺氟沙星在经过约12h的快速吸附阶段后,进入缓慢吸附阶段,其吸附平衡时间为48h。伪二级动力学方程能够较好地描述不同pH条件下诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附动力学特性。诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,该方程的拟合系数1/n〈0.5,表明诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上为非线性吸附。ΔH0=-48.85kJ·mol-1和ΔG0〈0,表明诺氟沙星在胡敏酸上的吸附是自发进行的放热过程,且离子交换是其主要吸附机理,同时也可能存在着偶极间作用力、氢键力和电荷转移等吸附机理;ΔS0〈0表明吸附过程中熵在减小。吸附位点的能量随着吸附量的增大而降低,也表明胡敏酸的异质性和吸附的非线性。     

土壤胡敏酸与富里酸热力学稳定性及其驱动因素初步研究

从过程考虑,腐殖质的形成和转化主要是微生物主导的生物化学过程,但就其始态和终态的能量水平变化而言,是热力学稳定性问题。在土壤中,影响腐殖质的形成转化的因素很多,如黏粒含量和类型,植被和微生物状况,土壤湿度、温度和空气组成,土壤溶液的化学组成、浓度、酸度和氧化还原状况等。但从热力学角度,为了计算反应平衡常数(logKR)和吉普斯生成自由能(ΔGfθ),如果将温度设为25℃,我们可以将土壤条件诸多因素简化为水活度([H2O])、氧分压(PO2)和二氧化碳分压(PCO2)这3个参数。之所以简化为这3个参数,因为任何有机成分均是由含有这3种元素的物质形成的,最终又均可以分解为含有这3种元素的H2O和CO2。本文按照上述新思路,以黑土为例探讨了胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)形成转化的驱动因素和热力学稳定性的研究方法,用元素组成-土壤条件参数法计算HA、FA的logKR和ΔGfθ及热力学稳定性范围。同时通过土壤添加有机物料的模拟培养实验研究了氧气和二氧化碳等单因素对HA和FA数量积累的影响。结果表明,黑土HA和FA的元素组成分子式分别为nC21H21O9N和nC24H33O17N。FA在缺氧、多水和高浓度二氧化碳条件下较稳定;HA则相反。培养实验中,高二氧化碳和低氧气浓度处理使FA与HA的相对比例增加。这一研究方法和结果将有助于解释和推测土壤腐殖质组成的空间变异规律,指导土壤肥力、土壤固碳的调控实践。     

不同施肥处理对棕壤腐殖酸组成和性质的影响

23年定位试验结果表明:施用有机肥可提高土壤腐殖酸含量, HA/FA升高,土壤胡敏酸的羧基/酚羟基比升高,E4 /E6 值较高。施化肥处理HA/FA下降,羧基/酚羟基比下降,E4 /E6 值下降。有机无机配施HA/FA下降较明显,其它指标介于有机肥和化肥之间。有机无机配施处理土壤活性胡敏酸平均含量高于有机肥和化肥。松结态腐殖酸占总腐殖酸的10% ~20%。胡敏酸占3% ~8%,富里酸占6% ~11%。施肥可显著降低松结态腐殖酸、胡敏酸和富里酸的比例。化肥的施用可促进紧结态的腐殖酸向松结态的转化,加速地力的消耗。有机无机配施处理可较大幅度地提高松结态胡敏酸的比例,而减低松结态富里酸的比例。     

锰离子与胡敏酸络合反应特征研究

采用离子交换平衡法研究了在不同酸度、离子强度、温度条件下胡敏酸(HA)与Mn2+络合反应稳定性和热力学特征。结果表明,在相同离子强度、反应温度条件下,随着pH的升高,HA与Mn2+络合反应稳定常数增大;络合反应配位数在pH 3.0～5.0范围内随着pH的升高而增加,在5.0～7.0范围内随着pH的升高而降低;离子强度增加,HA与Mn2+络合反应表观稳定常数增加,离子强度从0.00升至0.10 mol L-1,HA与Mn2+络合反应配位数增加,但离子强度从0.10 mol L-1继续上升至0.15 mol L-1,配位数呈现下降的趋势;胡敏酸络合Mn2+标准自由能变ΔGmθ、焓变ΔHθm、熵变ΔSθm在298.2K、308.2K温度下均为负值,反应是自发进行的放热反应,较低的温度有利于反应的进行。     

玉米秸秆分解期间胡敏酸、富里酸动态变化的研究

通过室内培养试验,研究了玉米秸秆在暗棕壤中分解期间(1-15d)胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)数量与特性的动态变化规律。结果表明:玉米秸秆分解期间,HA的绝对数量先增加后下降,FA的绝对数量下降,可提取腐殖质中HA的比例(PQ)增加,说明最初FA的形成速度大于HA,随培养时间延长FA转化为HA。HA、FA的色调系数(△logK)和活化度下降,而相对色度(RF)增加,表明HA、FA的分子结构逐渐变得复杂化。     

秸秆还田条件下内陆盐碱土腐殖质的动态变化

采用室内培养试验的方法,研究了秸秆加入条件下内陆盐碱土的腐殖质及其组分(胡敏酸、富里酸)的动态变化。结果表明,在秸秆腐解过程中,盐碱土腐殖质、富里酸、胡敏酸含量均呈现持续上升趋势,分别平均增加了112.5%,269.54%和92.9%富里酸的含量明显高于胡敏酸的含量,是胡敏酸含量的约3~10倍。土壤的HA/FA(腐殖酸/富里酸)呈现出先增长后降低的趋势,并且在90d时达到平均最高值(0.283)。尿素添加量7.2g的处理土壤腐殖质含量在0.19%~0.38%,该处理秸秆分解的速率最快。土壤腐殖质和富里酸随着尿素含量梯度的增加呈现先上升,后下降,再上升的趋势,且分别平均增加了46.7%和55.3%胡敏酸的变化趋势与腐殖质相反,平均减少了14.3%HA/FA呈下降趋势,但下降趋势不明显。     

腐殖酸对灰棕紫泥中汞赋存形态的影响

通过室内培养探讨不同富里酸/胡敏酸(FA/HA)、腐殖酸含量、汞污染浓度对灰棕紫泥中汞赋存形态的影响。结果表明,施用腐殖酸降低汞的活性,腐殖酸各处理均能促进土壤中水溶态、交换态和酸溶态汞向碱溶态、有机结合态和残渣态汞转化。FA/HA≤0.7时,腐殖酸能够促进土壤中的活性态汞向惰性态汞转化,但当FA/HA≥1时,腐殖酸对土壤汞有一定的活化作用;含碳2%的腐殖酸对土壤汞的固定效果好于其他碳含量(0.5%,1%,1.5%碳)腐殖酸;当土壤中汞污染浓度达到3mg/kg时,腐殖酸对汞的固定效果要降低。     

镉在胡敏酸上的吸附动力学和热力学研究

采用镉离子选择电极研究了镉在胡敏酸上的吸附特征。实验结果表明 ,胡敏酸对镉的等温吸附规律与介质pH有关。当pH为 3 0 0和 3 50时符合Freundlich方程 ,当pH在 4 0 0～ 6 50之间更好地符合Langmuir方程 ;在pH为 3 0 0～ 6 50之间 ,吸附量与pH成显著正相关。温度升高吸附量降低 ,吸附热与反应介质的pH有关 ,pH升高 ,吸附反应放热增加 ;胡敏酸对镉的吸附作用力随介质pH改变发生较大变化 ,当pH为6 50时主要为配位基交换作用。胡敏酸对镉的吸附含有部分不释放氢的静电吸附 ,其吸附反应动力学用Elovich方程拟合效果较好     

添加H2O2改性和HNO3/H2SO4改性生物质炭对一种酸性水稻土吸附Cd (Ⅱ)的影响

选择稻草、玉米秸秆和油菜秸秆作为制备生物质炭的原料，分别用H2O2和HNO3/H2SO4对生物质炭进行改性处理，以未改性的生物质炭和HCl处理的生物质炭作为对照。按土重3%的比例向采自安徽郎溪的酸性水稻土中添加上述生物质炭，在经历一个干湿交替周期后，进行Cd(Ⅱ)吸附/解吸实验，研究添加生物质炭对水稻土吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的影响及其机制。结果表明，两种改性方法均有效增加了生物质炭表面的质子结合位点数，且HNO3/H2SO4改性对生物质炭表面羧基官能团的扩增效果更显著。官能团的增加使得添加了HNO3/H2SO4改性生物质炭的水稻土对Cd(Ⅱ)的专性吸附能力显著增强。因此，添加HNO3/H2SO4改性生物质炭可以作为酸性水稻土吸附固定重金属Cd的一种新型方法。     

碳酸氧镧改性生物炭材料的合成及对磷酸盐去除性能

为高效去除废水中过量的磷酸盐为目的，该研究将研究利用艾草生物质与镧溶液共生共热的方法制成具有大量纳米级碳酸氧镧突起的镧基复合生物炭材料，研究了材料投加量、初始磷酸盐浓度、吸附时间、初始溶液pH值和共存离子对其吸附磷酸盐性能的影响及饱和磷吸附镧基复合生物炭材料（La-CB2-P）对生菜种子发芽率的试验。试验结果表明：La-CB2最佳投加量为1 g/L，最佳吸附温度为25 ℃，对磷酸盐的吸附主要为多分子层吸附，Langmuir模型模拟最大吸附容量为126.82 mg/g，并在12h内达到吸附平衡，酸性至中性水环境中La-CB2吸附性能更优，并对碱性水环境的pH值具有缓冲作用，在pH值为3时La³⁺浸出率为7.66%，其他pH值条件下仅为0.029%左右，在磷吸附过程中La-CB2的DOC溶出量随着初始溶液pH值的升高呈先增后减的趋势，在多种共存阴离子中对磷酸盐具有很强的选择性吸附，水体中的腐殖酸会大幅度降低La-CB2对磷酸盐的吸附性能。饱和磷吸附镧基复合生物炭材料（La-CB2-P）能够作为磷缓释肥显著促进生菜发芽，对La-CB2在富营养水体的磷吸附及资源回收提供了大量的理论基础。     

Concentration of sugars, phenolic acids, and amino acids in forest soils exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3

Concentrations of soluble soil sugars, soluble phenolic acids, and free amino acids were measured in three forest communities at the FACTS-II Aspen FACE Site near Rhinelander, WI, in order to better understand how elevated atmospheric CO₂ and O₃ are influencing soil nutrient availability and cycling. Sugars, phenolic acids, and amino acids are mostly derived from plant and microbial processes, and have the potential to be influenced by changes in carbon inputs. We hypothesized that concentrations in the soil would parallel increases seen in biological activity, due to greater net primary productivity under elevated CO₂ and seasonal patterns of root growth. Chemical analysis of soils revealed marginally significant increases of total soluble sugars and total soluble phenolic acids in the elevated CO₂ treatment (+27 mg kg⁻¹, +0.02 μmol g⁻¹), but there were no significant differences in concentrations due to elevated O₃ or CO₂+O₃. Total free amino acid concentrations were not affected by any of the treatments, but significant shifts in individual amino acids were observed. Elevated CO₂ and the interaction treatment (elevated CO₂+O₃) increased aspartic acid concentrations, while elevated O₃ treatment decreased the concentration of valine. Concentrations of sugars increased throughout the growing season, while phenolic acids were constant and amino acids decreased. The birch-aspen community had the highest concentration of phenolic acids and sugars overall, while maple-aspen had the lowest. These findings suggest that concentrations of soluble sugars, soluble phenolic acids, and free amino acids in the soil are strongly influenced by soil properties, plant and microbial activity, plant community composition, and to a lesser degree, changes in atmospheric CO₂ and O₃.     

Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on soil respiration under ponderosa pine

Soil respiration represents the integrated response of plant roots and soil organisms to environmental conditions and the availability of C in the soil. A multi-year study was conducted in outdoor sun-lit controlled-environment chambers containing a reconstructed ponderosa pine/soil-litter system. The study used a 2×2 factorial design with two levels of CO₂ and two levels of O₃ and three replicates of each treatment. The objectives of our study were to assess the effects of long-term exposure to elevated CO₂ and O₃, singly and in combination, on soil respiration, fine root growth and soil organisms. Fine root growth and soil organisms were included in the study as indicators of the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration. The study evaluated three hypotheses: (1) elevated CO₂ will increase C assimilation and allocation belowground increasing soil respiration; (2) elevated O₃ will decrease C assimilation and allocation belowground decreasing soil respiration and (3) as elevated CO₂ and O₃ have opposing effects on C assimilation and allocation, elevated CO₂ will eliminate or reduce the negative effects of elevated O₃ on soil respiration. A mixed-model covariance analysis was used to remove the influences of soil temperature, soil moisture and days from planting when testing for the effects of CO₂ and O₃ on soil respiration. The covariance analysis showed that elevated CO₂ significantly reduced the soil respiration while elevated O₃ had no significant effect. Despite the lack of a direct CO₂ stimulation of soil respiration, there were significant interactions between CO₂ and soil temperature, soil moisture and days from planting indicating that elevated CO₂ altered soil respiration indirectly. In elevated CO₂, soil respiration was more sensitive to soil temperature changes and less sensitive to soil moisture changes than in ambient CO₂. Soil respiration increased more with days from planting in elevated than in ambient CO₂. Elevated CO₂ had no effect on fine root biomass but increased abundance of culturable bacteria and fungi suggesting that these increases were associated with increased C allocation belowground. Elevated CO₂ had no significant effect on microarthropod and nematode abundance. Elevated O₃ had no significant effects on any parameter except it reduced the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature.     

Relationship between soil CO2 concentrations and forest-floor CO2 effluxes

To better understand the biotic and abiotic factors that control soil CO₂ efflux, we compared seasonal and diurnal variations in simultaneously measured forest-floor CO₂ effluxes and soil CO₂ concentration profiles in a 54-year-old Douglas fir forest on the east coast of Vancouver Island. We used small solid-state infrared CO₂ sensors for long-term continuous real-time measurement of CO₂ concentrations at different depths, and measured half-hourly soil CO₂ effluxes with an automated non-steady-state chamber. We describe a simple steady-state method to measure CO₂ diffusivity in undisturbed soil cores. The method accounts for the CO₂ production in the soil and uses an analytical solution to the diffusion equation. The diffusivity was related to air-filled porosity by a power law function, which was independent of soil depth. CO₂ concentration at all depths increased with increase in soil temperature, likely due to a rise in CO₂ production, and with increase in soil water content due to decreased diffusivity or increased CO₂ production or both. It also increased with soil depth reaching almost 10 mmol mol⁻¹ at the 50-cm depth. Annually, soil CO₂ efflux was best described by an exponential function of soil temperature at the 5-cm depth, with the reference efflux at 10 °C (F₁₀) of 2.6 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and the Q₁₀ of 3.7. No evidence of displacement of CO₂-rich soil air with rain was observed.Effluxes calculated from soil CO₂ concentration gradients near the surface closely agreed with the measured effluxes. Calculations indicated that more than 75% of the soil CO₂ efflux originated in the top 20 cm soil. Calculated CO₂ production varied with soil temperature, soil water content and season, and when scaled to 10 °C also showed some diurnal variation. Soil CO₂ efflux and concentrations as well as soil temperature at the 5-cm depth varied in phase. Changes in CO₂ storage in the 0–50 cm soil layer were an order of magnitude smaller than measured effluxes. Soil CO₂ efflux was proportional to CO₂ concentration at the 50-cm depth with the slope determined by soil water content, which was consistent with a simple steady-state analytical model of diffusive transport of CO₂ in the soil. The latter proved successful in calculating effluxes during 2004.     

天然磁铁矿和商用Fe3O4修复Hg(II)污染地下水的模拟研究

目前汞污染地下水修复面临很大的技术和成本挑战,亟需发展修复效果好、经济效益性高的汞污染地下水修复技术和修复材料。通过批量实验和光谱分析探究了天然磁铁矿和商用Fe_3O_4对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除效率和去除机制,并分析了两种材料对模拟地下水中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附和脱附行为。结果表明,天然磁铁矿和商用Fe_3O_4对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除受pH、Hg(Ⅱ)初始浓度、Cl-等因素的影响;二者对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除均符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich模型;天然磁铁矿对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除机制主要是羟基络合与物理吸附,而商用Fe_3O_4对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除主要是化学还原与物理吸附。二者对模拟地下水中Hg(Ⅱ)的去除率分别达90%和95%,具有修复Hg(Ⅱ)污染地下水的应用潜力。     

不同硝化抑制剂对稻季N2O排放、NH3挥发和水稻产量的影响

为了筛选出在水稻生产中应用效果更佳的硝化抑制剂，探讨三种不同硝化抑制剂对水稻季N2O排放、NH3挥发、水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。本研究在太湖地区开展水稻季田间小区试验，在尿素中分别添加化学合成硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶（CP）和3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）以及生物硝化抑制剂对羟基苯丙酸甲酯（MHPP）。结果表明，与单施尿素处理相比，尿素添加三种硝化抑制剂能显著减少N2O排放总量，抑制效果表现为DMPP（31.71%）>MHPP（30.40%）>CP（27.83%），不同硝化抑制剂间减排效果无显著差异；添加硝化抑制剂均显著增加了NH3挥发总量，促进作用表现为CP（58.7%）>DMPP（40.3%）>MHPP（25.3%），不同硝化抑制剂间差异显著；添加硝化抑制剂的增产幅度为MHPP（4.9%）>CP（3.3%）>DMPP（1.1%），不同硝化抑制剂间无显著差异，氮肥表观利用率显著增加，表现为MHPP（15.7%）>CP（13.8%）>DMPP（10.9%），但不同硝化抑制剂间无显著差异；综合考虑活性气态氮损失量和水稻产量，三种硝化抑制剂相比单施尿素均显著增加了单位产量活性气态氮排放强度，增加幅度表现为CP（50.3%）>DMPP（35.0%）>MHPP（17.8%），CP显著高于DMPP和MHPP。综合比较，生物硝化抑制剂MHPP在水稻生产中增效减排的作用优于化学合成硝化抑制剂CP和DMPP，但在生产应用中要与其他NH3挥发减排措施相结合，更好的发挥其增效减排潜力，推动农业绿色可持续发展。     

水分胁迫对玉米根系AsA-GSH H202含量的影响

以“鲁玉14”、“掖单13”2个不同抗旱性玉米品种为材料，研究不同浓度聚乙二醇－6000（PEG－6000）处理下根系抗坏血酸－谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH)循环中关键酶和抗氧化剂的变化及其对过氧化氢（H2O2）含量的影响结果表明，谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性及谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量变化为当聚乙二醇溶液浓度低于100g/kg时，随水分胁迫的增强而上升，当聚乙二醇溶液浓度高于150g/kg时，随水分胁迫的增强而下降。抗坏血酸（AsA)含量随水分胁迫的增加而持续下降，H2O2含量随水分胁迫的加剧而增加。聚乙二醇溶液浓度为150－250g/kg处理下H2O2含量的增加与抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量的下降呈显著正相关。2品种比较，抗旱性强的品种具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

外源H2O2对镉胁迫下酸枣幼苗生长及生理特性的缓解效应

通过温室盆栽土培试验,研究不同浓度(0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.3 mmol/L)的外源H_2O_2处理对0.05 mmol/L Cd胁迫下酸枣幼苗生长、光合系统和荧光特性等的影响。结果表明:(1)Cd胁迫下,酸枣幼苗生长受到抑制,经H_2O_2处理后,酸枣幼苗对镉抗性系数、光合绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)均升高,过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)则出现不同程度的下降;(2)低浓度H_2O_2(≤0.08 mmol/L)处理后,酸枣叶片和根系内抗氧化酶[过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性增强,叶片内1,5—二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Rubisco)、1,1—二磷酸景天庚酮糖酯酶(SBPase)和1,6—二磷酸果糖醛缩酶(FBAase)活性最高显著上升38.24%,42.15%,84.08%,但转酮醇酶(TKase)活性无显著变化;(3)酸枣叶片内PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和吸收光能用于光化学反应的份额(P)在H_2O_2处理下最大分别提高37.52%,135.95%,53.10%和98.36%,PSⅡ非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、调节性能量耗散Y(NPQ)、非调节性能量耗散Y(NO)、吸收光能用于天线热耗散的份额(D)、PSⅡ反应中心非光化学耗散的份额(E_x)和双光系统间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数(β/α-1)分别降低34.13%,35.15%,30.26%,35.52,32.30%和53.43%,缓解效果显著,但随着外源H_2O_2喷施浓度的增加,缓解效应有下降趋势。综合分析发现,H_2O_2对酸枣镉毒的缓解作用与其改善酸枣光合作用、维持抗氧化系统高活性和提高PSⅡ光化学效率等多种生理过程有关。其中以0.08 mmol/L H_2O_2提高酸枣的修复效率最佳,可作为植物修复的强化措施。     

“绿色革命”以来大气CO2浓度升高对C3作物营养品质的影响

自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。