青岛崂山茶园土壤微量元素有效量及其影响因素研究

青岛市崂山茶种植区土壤调查研究表明,茶园土壤中6种主要微量元素(Zn、Cu、B、Mn、Fe、Mo)的有效量多大于其缺素临界值,有效态铜、锌、锰含量均处于高水平,钼中等,硼较低。统计分析表明,土壤中Zn、B、Mn等元素全量与有效量间具显著正相关性,Fe呈显著负相关性,说明全量并不是有效量的完全控制因素;pH值与有效态Zn、Cu、B、Fe和Mo均有一定的负相关关系,表明土壤酸性增强(酸化)会增加这类元素的生物有效性;有机质含量与有效态Zn、Cu、B、Fe和Mo呈正相关性,说明有机质较高有利于土壤元素活化。     

湖州市土壤微量元素含量与有效性评价

本文研究了湖州地区水稻土、红壤和潮土三种主要土壤类型的土壤微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、和Mo的有效态含量,并对各微量元素的有效态含量满足作物生长需要的状况进行评价。结果表明:湖州市土壤大面积缺钼,部分土壤缺锰、硼,而土壤有效态铜、锌含量比较丰富,土壤有效铁含量则极其丰富。最后对该市水稻土、红壤和潮土三种主要土壤类型的土壤微量元素含量与成土母质、pH、土壤有机碳之间的关系进行分析研究。     

Trace elements in Bangladesh paddy soils

Abstract

A study was carried out to investigate the status of four micronutrients, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), and five other trace elements, cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and strontium (Sr), in paddy soils of Bangladesh. Soil samples were digested by hydrofluoric acid (HF)‐nitric acid (HNO₃)‐perchloric acid (HClO₄) for determination of total contents of the nine elements, while DTPA, ASI and 0.1 Mhydrochloric acid (HC1) methods were used for determination of available Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Total trace element contents were found to vary with physiography on which soils are distributed. In general, Ganges Tidal Floodplain soils had the highest content, whereas terrace soils had the lower content. Among the soil properties examined, clay content had a good relation with total trace element contents in the topsoil, except for Sr. Based on the variation with physiography or clay content, the nine trace elements could be grouped into six groups: Cu, Fe and Zn, Pb, Co and Cr and Ni, Mn, Sr. According to the extractable levels of four micronutrients, Bangladesh paddy soils had the medium to optimum amounts of Fe and Cu, but were deficient sporadically in Mn and extensively in Zn. It was indicated that paddy soils of Bangladesh are yet to be polluted with heavy metals.     

不同利用年限蔬菜大棚土壤中微量元素含量的演变

本文主要研究蔬菜大棚土壤中微量元素含量随棚龄(利用年限)的变化情况。结果表明:除Mo外,在0～40cm内不同深度处微量元素的含量差异很小;露天大田改为蔬菜大棚后第1年,微量元素含量一般显著降低,然后显著升高,5年后达到一个相对稳定的阶段;除Mo之外,微量元素含量之间均或多或少地呈现出一定的线性相关;大量施用家禽粪便和复合肥可能是蔬菜大棚土壤中微量元素含量增加的主要来源,但尚未引起土壤污染;土壤缺Mo严重,在施肥中应予适当的考虑。     

重庆市植烟土壤有效态微量元素含量评价

对重庆市14个县(区)的334个植烟土壤样品的有效态微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B和Mo的含量状况和分布特征进行分析,结果表明,重庆市20%以上植烟土壤缺Mo、Zn,75%以上土壤缺B,有效铁、锰含量较丰富,有效铜极丰富。有效铁、锰、铜、锌含量均与土壤pH值呈负相关关系,有效钼含量与土壤pH值呈正相关关系,有效硼含量在pH<7.0时随pH的增加而增加,但在pH>7.0时含量下降。植烟土壤中有效铁和有效铜含量与有机质含量呈极显著正相关关系,而有效锰、硼和钼与有机质无明显相关性。     

遵义市部分烟区烤烟中、微量元素含量及其空间分布

【目的】作为烟草生长发育所必需的营养元素,中、微量元素对于协调烟株生理机能、烤烟产量、品质的形成和增强抗病能力有着大量元素不可替代的作用。本研究基于野外取样与室内检测所获得的烟叶养分信息,旨在探求遵义市部分烟区烤烟烟叶中微量元素特征与空间分布情况,为该地烤烟生产养分分区管理、配方施肥技术和化肥减量提效提供科学参考。 【方法】运用经典统计学方法,初步对研究区烤烟烟叶中微量元素的丰缺状况进行分析评价,并结合 GPS 定位,以地统计学的半变异函数为工具,定量分析了研究区烟叶中微量元素的空间变异特征,采用 Kriging 插值法,得到烟叶中微量元素含量的空间分布格局。 【结果】1) 研究区 C₃F 等级烟叶 7 种中微量元素含量平均值分别为 Ca 20.3 g/kg、Mg 3.7 g/kg、Cu 4.42 mg/kg、Zn 34.85 mg/kg、Fe 229.81 mg/kg、Mn 205.43 mg/kg、Mo 0.25 mg/kg,含量范围分别为 Ca 14.7～27.3 g/kg、Mg 1.3～8.0 g/kg、Cu 1.69～8.83 mg/kg、Zn 12.31～56.11 mg/kg、Fe 141.62～339.00 mg/kg、Mn 66.21～426.11 mg/kg、Mo 0.06～0.60 mg/kg,各元素变异系数在 12.8%～48.7% 之间,均表现为中等强度变异;参照烟叶中微量营养元素分级标准,研究区烟叶适宜范围内钙占 95.2%,高水平锰含量占 65.1%,低水平镁、铜、锌、铁含量分别占 26.5%、55.4%、32.5%、20.5%,适宜水平镁、铜、锌、铁分别占 48.2%、25.3%、63.9%、79.5%,烟叶钼含量总体较缺乏。2) 研究区烟叶中 Ca、Mg、Zn 和 Fe 符合正态分布,Cu、Mn、Mo 经对数转化后均符合正态分布,分别选择指数模型作为 Ca、Cu、Fe、Mo 的最优拟合理论模型,Mg、Zn、Mn 为高斯模型,得出烟叶中 Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Mo 7 种元素各项异性比均大于 1,块金系数分别为 43.8%、26.9%、31.0%、58.4%、69.0%、32.6%、42.7%,变程分别为 148.099、137.407、15.554、18.723、25.624、88.770、74.749 km。 【结论】研究区烟叶 Ca 含量基本在适宜范围内,Mn 含量总体较高,Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe 含量基本在低–适宜水平,Mo 较缺乏。地统计分析表明:7 种元素均具有空间各向异性;空间变异指标块金系数大小顺序为 Fe > Zn > Ca > Mo > Mn > Cu > Mg,均为中等空间相关性;空间自相关范围由大到小依次为 Ca、Mg、Mn、Mo、Fe、Zn、Cu。采用地统计插值绘制的空间分布图,直观地反映了研究区烟叶中微量营养元素的含量分布状况。     

Influence of graded EDTA applications on mobilization and translocation of trace elements—a soil column experiment

Increasing concerns about potential environmental effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) accumulation in soils require better understanding of its behavior and its effect on trace element mobilization. In this study we investigated the effect of EDTA on soil trace element mobilization in undisturbed soil columns taken from a heavy metal contaminated field. The columns were leached by EDTA solutions of different concentrations under unsaturated, steady‐state conditions. The transport of trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn) and EDTA was monitored by regularly collecting the leachates. After the termination of the leaching experiment the soil columns were divided into 5 layers to determine trace elements and EDTA concentrations in the soil. The results revealed that the soil analysis alone was not suitable to infer mobilization or immobilization patterns in relation to the EDTA concentration, as the mobilized fraction was too small in relation to the total trace metal concentrations in the soil. Analysis of the leachates displayed that after 2–4 pore volumes the EDTA output concentration reached about 80% of the input concentration. The trace element concentrations in the leachates showed that some elements were mobilized by EDTA (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Co, Ni, Zn) while others were immobilized (Mn, Cr, Mo, Sn) in the soil columns after EDTA application.     

Trace element distributions in soils developed in loess deposits from northern France

A pedo‐geochemical survey was carried out in the Nord‐Pas de Calais region (France) on soils developed in loess deposits. Total concentrations of Al, Fe and 18 trace elements, as well as common soil characteristics, were determined in samples from 52 surface and 97 deep horizons developed in these loess deposits. The Pb isotopic composition was determined in two sola. The composition of deep horizons, compared with that of the upper continental crust, with that of horizons developed from 21 other sedimentary rocks from the region and with that of loess from various parts of the world, confirms that loess from the Nord‐Pas de Calais region derives from multi‐recycled and well‐mixed ancient sedimentary rocks. Correlation analysis shows that least mobile (i.e. ionic potential (Z/r) is between 3 and 7) geogenic elements (Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, In, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, V, Zn) are associated with the fraction <2 µm (which we define as ‘lutum’). More mobile elements (As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Mo, Sb, Se) are less associated with this fraction. Cadmium is particularly linked to Mn. The distribution of [trace element]/([Al] or [Fe]) in the French loess gives the background content for soils developed from most sedimentary materials in northwestern Europe. Topsoils are enriched with all the trace elements examined, except Co, Cr and Ni. Enrichments with Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn are greater in cultivated soils than in forest soils. Enrichments with Pb and with Cu, Hg, Mo, Sb, Se and Sn are mainly due to human contamination through atmospheric fallout. Organic matter seems to act as a sink for all the exogenous trace elements.     

不同地形部位耕地微量元素空间变异性研究-以永济市为例

在永济市耕地资源管理信息系统和传统地统计学的支持下,以半变异函数为主要工具,通过GS 软件对永济市耕地土壤的6种微量元素的空间变异特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,研究区耕地土壤中6种微量元素中Zn和Mo属于中等变异强度的范围,Fe、Mn和B属于中等偏低的变异强度范围,而Cu则在河漫滩区属于中等变异强度,在其他地形部位则表现为中等偏低的变异强度。河漫滩区微量元素Cu、Zn和Mo,盆地区微量元素Zn、B、Mo,丘陵区微量元素Zn、Mo以及山地区的Zn和Mo属于中等变异强度,其他则属于中等偏低的变异强度。丘陵区6种微量元素含量在所研究的尺度上的总变异中既受到自然因素所引起的空间变异影响,同时也受到一些随机因素的影响,影响力为中等尺度;河漫滩区6种微量元素含量的总变异具有强烈的空间相关性,说明在河漫滩区自然因素对空间格局的影响起主导作用。通过对研究区耕地土壤中6种微量元素的统计特征与空间变异性分析,为进一步合理地进行土地利用规划提供了理论依据,并且对土壤养分综合管理以及进行土壤改良和耕作都具有一定的指导作用。     

山东省土壤微量营养元素含量分布

本文论述山东省土壤中B、Mn、Zn、Cu、Fe有效态含量及分布。有效硼含量0.04-6.79ppm,平均0.48ppm;易还原态锰9-1345ppm,平均169ppm;有效锰1.5-175.9ppm,平均17.1ppm;有效锌0.04-14.56ppm,平均0.54ppm;有效铜0.03-20.64ppm,平均1.08ppm;有效铁1.6-162.0 ppm,平均12.6ppm。不同土壤类型微量元素含量有明显差异,主要特征为:棕壤、褐土缺硼,潮土、砂姜黑土缺锌,水稻土富铁、锰、铜,盐土富硼。其分布呈明显的地域性,可分为山地丘陵(鲁东和鲁中南)低硼、中锌、高锰区;泛滥平原(鲁西北)低锌、中硼锰区。     

Amounts and forms of micronutrient cations in a group of loessial grassland soils of New Zealand

The status of micronutrient cations Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Co was examined in a group of soils from beneath undisturbed grassland sites. The soils were selected such that factors of soil formation besides loess accumulation and rainfall remained relatively constant. In a previous study these two factors were found to have a large effect on the K status of the soils, but results from this study showed that there had been little effect on micronutrient content. With decreasing loess accumulation the total and HCl- and EDTA-extractable micronutrient content of soils tended to decrease, but rainfall had no consistent effect. Extractable levels of Cu and Co in A horizons tended to decrease from high to potentially deficient values with decreasing loess accumulation.HCl- and EDTA-extractable Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were clearly higher in A than B horizons although total contents tended to be lower in A horizons. A chemical fractionation procedure demonstrated that there were greater quantities of pyrophosphate- and oxalate-extractable Zn and Cu and acetic acid-extractable Zn in the A than B horizons.With the exception of HCl-extractable Cu, extractable micronutrients were significantly correlated with the organic matter content of the HCl or EDTA extracts. There were no significant correlations between extractable micronutrients and soil pH or oxalate-extractable Al or Fe.Acetic acid-extractable Co was not significantly correlated with any measured soil property. It is concluded that the cycling of nutrients and the build-up of organic matter, which characteristically occur under grassland conditions in New Zealand, were the major factors influencing the micronutrient status of the soils.     

Gehalte an Haupt- und Nebenelementen in Konkretionen aus Oberböden von Marschen – Untersuchungen mit einer Mikrosonde

Contents of major and trace elements in concretions of surface samples from marsh soils – Electron microprobe analysis The amounts of 14 elements (Ti, Fe, Mn, Si, Al, Ca, and P, S, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in concretions of four A horizons of marsh soils were determined by electron microprobe analysis on thin sections. According to the major element compositions the following types of concretions can be distinguished: Ti-Fe(-Mn) concretions (31–39% Ti; 18–29% Fe; 0,3–5,5% Mn); Fe(-Mn) concretions (31–58% Fe; ≤ 1,8% Mn); Fe-Si(-Mn) concretions (6–28% Fe; 8–42% Si; ≤ 5% Mn); Mn-Fe and Mn-Fe-Si concretions (16–40% Mn; 2–9% Fe; 2–15% Si). The formation of Ti-Fe(-Mn) concretions can be explained by adsorption of Fe²⁺ ions under reducing conditions on surfaces of Ti minerals followed by oxidation to Fe(III) oxide. In this way pseudorutile may be formed. Concretions with high Fe and/or Mn content often contain occlusions of carbonates, silicates and/or SiO₂ (bioopal) which may act as nuclei for their growth. Redox processes in marsh soils result in the formation of concretions with dominating Fe or Mn accumulation. Among the group of trace elements, P and S (like Ti and Si) reach their highest concentrations in Fe rich concretions (up to 54.000 mg P/kg and 4.200 mg S/kg). The accumulation of these elements is obviously influenced by anion competition, especially of P and Si, and probably also Ti. Likewise, high amounts of Pb were found in Fe(-Mn) concretions (up to 12.000 mg/kg). Co, Ni, Zn, and Cd show the highest amounts in Mn rich concretions (Co up to 3.400; Ni 1.800; Zn 13.200; Cd 1.000 mg/kg). Cu is also accumulated in some concretions (up to 1140 mg/kg) but no clear affinity to one of the different types of concretions was found.     

东北及内蒙古东部的土壤微量元素

土壤中的微量元素在动植物生活中所起的重要作用日益被人们所重视.了解土壤中的这一部分资源对指导微量元素肥料的施用,从而达到农业增产以及对消除由土壤微量元素缺乏或过剩引起的某些动植物病害均具有重要的意义.探讨土壤微量元素在土壤剖面中的累积和迁移及其地理分布规律,则可进一步阐明土壤发生过程与生物地球化学特性的关系.     

The content of microelements and iron in soils and plants in the basin of lake Kotokel’ in Western Transbaikalia

The content of microelements (Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd) and Fe is determined in the soils and plants of the Lake Kotokel’ basin. Their content in the soils is proved not to exceed the regional background and the existing MPC and APC. The content of Cd is revealed to exceed its clarke value for the world soils, which is related to the natural origin of this element. The concentrations of Mn, Co, and Pb are close to their clarke values, and those of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr are lower than their clarkes. The studied soils are specified by the maximal amount of the mobile forms of microelements. The profile distribution of the microelements differs depending on the genetic soil type. For Mn, Zn, and Cu, a significant biogenic accumulation is pronounced in the organic soil horizons. The content of microelements in the aboveground phytomass exceeds the maximal permissible levels for Mn, Co, Cr, and Fe. The intensity of the microelements absorption by the plants varies widely, being specified by the high coefficient of the biological adsorption (except for Fe). Mn, Zn, and Cu are accumulated in the plant phytomass the most intensely.     

秦巴山区耕层土壤微量元素空间特征及影响因子——以镇巴县为例

为充分了解与掌握秦巴山区耕层土壤微量元素现状、空间分布规律及其影响因素,为区域土壤微量元素的科学管理及土壤微肥应用提供理论依据和实践指导,以镇巴县为例,基于2010年陕西省耕地地力调查与质量评价项目数据,采用地统计学和GIS相结合的方法,研究秦巴山区耕层土壤有效态Fe、有效态Mn、有效态Cu和有效态Zn的空间特征及其影响因素.结果表明：1）镇巴县耕层土壤有效态Fe、Mn和Cu均属中等变异强度,变异系数介于81.38％～97.57％之间,有效态Zn属强变异强度,变异系数为117.09％;2）空间特征上,根据块金系数值,4种微量元素均表现为中等强度的空间相关性,县域质量分数的空间分布呈南部高、西部低格局,空间变异性是由自然因素（土壤理化性质、地形地貌和常年降水量等）和人为因素（作物熟制和村距等）共同作用而引起的;3）镇巴县耕层土壤整体有效态Cu和Fe质量分数丰富,Zn质量分数适宜,19.14％ Mn缺乏（＜5 mg/kg）,需结合不同的耕作制度、土壤类型及其质量分数丰缺水平进行分区培肥与管理.     

黄土区土壤微量元素含量分布与微肥效应

黄土区土壤微量元素含量分布受母质、地形、水热条件、土壤类型等成土过程与成土条件的深刻影响,呈现出一定的规律性。与全国土壤平均含量比较,本区土壤锌、锰较低,钼很低,硼接近,铜略高。土壤有效态锌、硼、钼、锰属低水平,存在着大面积缺乏锌、硼、钼的土壤,近一半土壤面积缺锰。近年来,锌、硼、锰肥已在生产中大面积应用,获得了显著的经济效益。     

上海土壤中微量元素的含量与分布的研究

植物必需的微量营养元素锌、锰、钼、硼、铜在土壤中供给不足或过剩时,都可能引起植物、动物及人体生理功能失调,生长发育受阻,诱发出各种特殊的生理病害。明确土壤中微量元素含量分布规律及其有效性问题,有助于采取措施来调剂微量元素的供应水平,对于农业生产的发展,以及维护人类和动物的健康,都具有重要的意义。本文就1978-1979年关于上海土壤中微量元素的含量分布及其有效性问题的研究,作一总结。     

安徽宁国市山核桃农业地质环境的因子分析研究

利用SPSS软件,研究因子分析在宁国市山核桃农业地质环境中的应用。以植物生长有关的11种微量元素为指标,分析了不同长势的山核桃果、叶与岩石、土壤、成土母质微量元素之间的联系。研究表明:岩石、土壤、成土母质中的Mo、Cu、B、Co、N i、Zn、Cr等元素的丰度与宁国山核桃的生长发育密切相关;少数元素的差异,如Fe、Mn、Se等元素,可能对于山核桃长势及产量具有一定的制约作用或起决定性因素。     

华中黄棕壤和黄褐土粘粒胶膜的微量元素地球化学特征

The relationships between the basic properties and trace elementsin soil argillans and corresponding matrix soils were studied by sampling from the B horizons of 26 Alfisols in croplands of the subtropical area in Central China. The soil elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Co, Cu, Cr, Cd, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn) were extracted by acid digestion and their contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The mean contents of clay and organic matter in the argillans were approximately 1.1 and 1.3 times greater than those in the matrix soils, respectively. The pH values and the contents of P₂O₅ and bases (K₂O, Na₂O, CaO, and MgO) in the argillans were higher than those in the corresponding matrix soils. Cu, Cd, Ti, and V were enriched in the argillans. Correlation coefficients and factor analyses showed that Co, Cu, Li, and Zn were bound with phyllosilicates and manganese oxides (Mn-oxides) in the argillans. Cr and Pb were mainly associated with iron oxides (Fe-oxides), while Ni was bound with Mn-oxides. Cd, Ti, and V were chiefly associated with phyllosilicates, but Cr and Mo were rarely enriched in the argillans. In contrast, in the matrix soils, Co and Zn were associated with organic matter and Fe-oxides, Cr existed in phyllosilicates, and Mo was bound to Fe-oxides. Cd, Ti, and V were associated with organic matter. The results of this study suggest that clays, organic matter, and minerals in the argillans dominate the illuviation of trace elements in Alfisols. Argillans might be the active interfaces of elemental exchange and nutrient supply in cropland soils in Central China.     

Monthly variation of forage and soil minerals in central Florida II. trace minerals

Abstract

A two‐year study was conducted to determine the trace mineral status of cattle grazing forages (bahiagrass) and soils on a ranch in central Florida. Forage and soil samples were collected every month for two years. Month effect (P < 0.05) on soil trace mineral concentrations were observed in manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in years 1 and 2, and in copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) only in year 2. All soil trace minerals studied showed higher (P < 0.05) concentrations in year 2. Month differences (P < 0.05) in forage trace mineral concentrations were found in cobalt (Co), Cu, Fe, Mn, molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), and Zn. The majority of forage trace minerals were higher in spring‐summer months. Year means were similar (P > 0.05) in forage trace mineral concentrations. Few and low correlation coefficients were observed between and within soil and forage trace minerals concentrations. Percentages of total forage collected with trace minerals below critical values (in parentheses) and suggestive of deficiency were as follows: in forage, Co (0.1 ppm), 93%; Cu (8 ppm), 98%; Fe (50 ppm), 75%; Mn (40 ppm), 41%; Mo (> 6 ppm), 0%; Se (0.2 ppm), 98%; and Zn (25 ppm), 84%; in soil, Cu (0.3 ppm), 77%; Fe (2.5 ppm), 7%; Mn (5 ppm), 91%; and Zn (1.5 ppm), 53%.