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1.
低土壤肥力下秸秆还田和施钾对作物产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为了研究我国华北平原低肥力土壤条件下秸秆还田和施钾肥对作物产量和钾素平衡的影响,于2008年10月~2011年10月在中国农业科学院高新技术园区国家测土施肥中心实验室试验基地(河北省廊坊市),通过3年6季的定位试验,比较了施钾与秸秆还田的增产效应、钾素吸收利用和作物土壤系统的钾素平衡状况。结果表明:在氮、磷肥充足的情况下,施用钾肥(NPK)、秸秆还田(NP+St)和秸秆还田配施钾肥(NPK+St),均有明显的增产效应,表现为NPK+StNPKNP+StNP;不同施钾措施在夏玉米上的增产效果优于冬小麦;同一作物秸秆还田结合施钾肥的增产效果最好,降低了年度间的产量变异系数,在获得高产的同时,年际间产量稳定,有利于稳产;施钾肥和秸秆还田可显著提高小麦和玉米的钾素吸收总量; NPK+St、NPK、NP+St处理的钾素表观平衡系数分别为1.26,0.42,0.92。秸秆还田和施钾肥有利于钾素的收支平衡,减轻作物对土壤钾素的消耗,缓解土壤钾素肥力下降的程度,可维持土壤钾素肥力的稳定。 相似文献
2.
低土壤肥力下施钾和秸秆还田对作物产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8
为了研究我国华北平原低肥力土壤条件下秸秆还田和施钾肥对作物产量和钾素平衡的影响,于2008年10月~2011年10月在中国农业科学院高新技术园区国家测土施肥中心实验室试验基地(河北省廊坊市),通过3年6季的定位试验,比较了施钾与秸秆还田的增产效应、钾素吸收利用和作物-土壤系统的钾素平衡状况。结果表明:在氮、磷肥充足的情况下,施用钾肥(NPK)、秸秆还田(NP+St)和秸秆还田配施钾肥(NPK+St),均有明显的增产效应,表现为NPK+St>NPK>NP+St>NP;不同施钾措施在夏玉米上的增产效果优于冬小麦;同一作物秸秆还田结合施钾肥的增产效果最好,降低了年度间的产量变异系数,在获得高产的同时,年际间产量稳定,有利于稳产;施钾肥和秸秆还田可显著提高小麦和玉米的钾素吸收总量;NPK+St、NPK、NP+St处理的钾素表观平衡系数分别为1.26、0.42、0.92。秸秆还田和施钾肥有利于钾素的收支平衡,减轻作物对土壤钾素的消耗,缓解土壤钾素肥力下降的程度,可维持土壤钾素肥力的稳定。 相似文献
3.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):912-924
A field experiment was conducted for 3 years during 2006–2009 in India to study the effects of plant nutrient recycling through crop residue management, green manuring, and fertility levels on yield attributes, crop productivity, nutrient uptake, and biofertility indicators of soil health in a rice–wheat cropping system. The study revealed that soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution were significantly greatest under crop residue incorporation (CRI) + Sesbania green manuring (SGM) treatment and were found at levels of 364 μg g?1 soil and 1.75 μg g?1 soil h?1, respectively; these were increased significantly by recycling of organic residues. Activities of dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzymes increased significantly after 3 years, with maximum activity under CRI + SGM treatment. The CRI with or without SGM significantly influenced the plant height, number of tillers m?2, number of grains panicle?1 or ear?1, and 1000-grain weight. Mean yield data of rice and wheat revealed that CRI or crop residue burning (CRB) resulted in slightly greater yield over crop residue removal (CRR) treatment. The CRI + SGM treatment again observed significantly greatest grain yields of 7.54 and 5.84 t ha?1 and straw yields of 8.42 and 6.36 t ha?1 in rice and wheat, respectively, over other crop residue management treatments. Total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake in rice–wheat system was greatest with amounts of 206.7, 37.2, and 205.6 kg ha?1, respectively, in CRI + SGM treatment. Fertility levels significantly influenced the rice and wheat yield with greatest grain yields of 6.66 and 5.68 t ha?1 and straw yields of 7.94 and 5.89 t ha?1 in rice and wheat, respectively, with the application of 150% of recommended NPK. Total NPK uptake in rice–wheat system also increased significantly with increase in fertility levels with greatest magnitude by supplying 150% of recommended NPK. Overall, nutrient recycling through incorporation of crop residues and Sesbania green manuring along with inorganics greatly improved the crop productivity, nutrient uptake, and biofertility indicators of soil health with substantial influence on SMBC, CO2 evolution, and dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme activities. This indicates that crop residue management along with Sesbania green manuring practice could be a better option for nutrient recycling to sustain the crop productivity and soil health in intensive rice–wheat cropping system in India as well as in similar global agroecological situations, especially in China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. 相似文献
4.
Alternative tillage and crop residue management in wheat after rice in sandy loam soils of Indo-Gangetic plains 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A 3-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three tillage practices (conventional, zero and reduced/strip) with two nitrogen levels (120 and 150 kg N ha−1) applied in primary strips and three crop residue management practices (removal, burning and incorporation) in secondary strips in wheat after rice. Reduced tillage resulted in significantly higher overall mean wheat yield (5.10 Mg ha−1) compared to conventional (4.60 Mg ha−1) and zero tillage (4.75 Mg ha−1). Residue incorporation resulted in highest mean yield (5.86 Mg ha−1) during third year. Maximum mean yield (6.1 Mg ha−1) was obtained in reduced tillage followed by conventional tillage (5.8 Mg ha−1) under residue incorporation in third year. The weed dry weight recorded at 30 days after sowing was highest (0.3 Mg ha−1) under zero tillage and lowest under conventional tillage (0.16 Mg ha−1). Among crop residue management practices, the highest dry weight of weeds (0.22 Mg ha−1) was recorded under residue incorporation. The highest infiltration rate (1.50 cm h−1) was recorded in residue incorporation followed by residue burning (1.44 cm h−1) whereas; the lowest (0.75 cm h−1) in zero tillage. Soil bulk density was the highest (1.69 Mg m−3) under zero tillage and the lowest in residue incorporation (1.59 Mg m−3). There were no changes in soil available P and K after each crop sequence in relation to tillage practices during first 2 years. Higher organic carbon (5.1–5.4 g kg−1) was measured under zero tillage compared to other treatments. Residue incorporation increased soil organic carbon and available P while higher available K was monitored in burning treatment during the third year. These results suggest that reduced tillage and in situ incorporation of crop residues at 5 Mg ha−1 along with 150 kg N ha−1 were optimum to achieve higher yield of wheat after rice in sandy loam soils of Indo-Gangetic plains of India. 相似文献
5.
S. S. Kushwah D. Damodar Reddy S. Srivastava R. S. Khamparia 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(21):2387-2395
The long-term crop residue retention coupled with external nutrient inputs are crucial for maintaining soil phosphorus (P) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in Vertisols of Central India. A study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effect of three wheat residue management practices (residue burning, incorporation, and surface retention) in combination with three supplementary nutrient inputs (SNI) [control, fertilizer, and farmyard manure (FYM)] on stratification of P and SOC in the soybean–wheat system in Vertisol. The wheat residue either incorporated or retained on the soil surface increased the availability of P and SOC content as compared to the common practices of residue burning. Residue retention or incorporation increased stratification of P and soil organic carbon over the residue burning. Irrespective of the nutrient treatments, greater stratification ratio of SOC and P were registered under wheat residue incorporation or retention compared to residue burning. It is evident from the study that wheat residue incorporation or retention plus addition of FYM could be an effective strategy for increasing the soil fertility in a soybean–wheat system of Vertisols of Central India. 相似文献
6.
Abstract. A five year field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of crop rotation and field pea residue incorporation into the soil on maize yield. The data indicated a 30% increase in maize yield grown in rotation with field pea compared to when it was grown after wheat and a further increase of 35% when field pea residues were incorporated into the soil. The effect of field pea and residue incorporation was greater in the presence of fertilizer nitrogen indicating the enhanced capacity of the crop to utilize N from the residue. Legume residue management in sub-tropical regions of the world, having coarse textured soils low in organic matter, could help to increase the yield of cereals besides saving some of the expensive fertilizer input. 相似文献
7.
Jehan Bakht Mohammad Shafi Mohammad Tariq Jan Zahir Shah 《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,104(2):233-240
Management of N is the key for sustainable and profitable wheat production in a low N soil. We report results of irrigated crop rotation experiment, conducted in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan, during 1999–2002 to evaluate effects of residue retention, fertilizer N application and mung bean (Vigna radiata) on crop and N yields of wheat and soil organic fertility in a mung bean–wheat sequence. Treatments were (a) crop residue retained (+residue) or (b) removed (−residue), (c) 120 kg N ha−1 applied to wheat, (d) 160 kg N ha−1 to maize or (e) no nitrogen applied. The cropping system was rotation of wheat with maize or wheat with mung bean. The experiment was laid out in a spit plot design. Postharvest incorporation of crop residues significantly (p < 0.05) increased the grain and straw yields of wheat during both years. On average, crop residues incorporation increased the wheat grain yield by 1.31 times and straw yield by 1.39 times. The wheat crop also responded strongly to the previous legume (mung bean) in terms of enhanced grain yield by 2.09 times and straw yield by 2.16 times over the previous cereal (maize) treatment. Application of fertilizer N to previous maize exerted strong carry over effect on grain (1.32 times) and straw yield (1.38 times) of the following wheat. Application of N fertilizer to current wheat produced on average 1.59 times more grain and 1.77 times more straw yield over the 0 N kg ha−1 treatment. The N uptake in wheat grain and straw was increased 1.31 and 1.64 times by residues treatment, 2.08 and 2.49 times by mung bean and 1.71 and 1.86 times by fertilizer N applied to wheat, respectively. The soil mineral N was increased 1.23 times by residues, 1.34 times by mung bean and 2.49 times by the application of fertilizer N to wheat. Similarly, the soil organic C was increased 1.04-fold by residues, 1.08 times by mung bean and 1.00 times by the application of fertilizer N. We concluded that retention of residues, application of fertilizer N and involvement of legumes in crop rotation greatly improves the N economy of the cropping system and enhances crop productivity in low N soils. 相似文献
8.
Mohammad Shafi Jehan Bakht Mohammad Tariq Jan Zahir Shah 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,94(2):520-529
This paper presents the results of irrigated rotation experiment, conducted in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan, during 1999–2002 to evaluate effects of residues retention, fertilizer N and legumes in crop rotation on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and soil organic fertility. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) were grown in the winters and mungbean (Vigna radiata) and maize in the summers. Immediately after grain harvest, above-ground residues of all crops were either completely removed (−residue), or spread across the plots and incorporated by chisel plough by disc harrow and rotavator (+residue). Fertlizer N rates were nil or 120 kg ha−1 for wheat and nil or 160 kg ha−1 for maize. Our results indicated that post-harvest incorporation of crop residues significantly (p < 0.05) increased the grain and stover yields of maize during both 2000 and 2001. On average, grain yield was increased by 23.7% and stover yield by 26.7% due to residue incorporation. Residue retention also enhanced N uptake by 28.3% in grain and 45.1% in stover of maize. The soil N fertility was improved by 29.2% due to residue retention. The maize grain and stover yields also responded significantly to the previous legume (chickpea) compared with the previous cereal (wheat) treatment. The legume treatment boosted grain yield of maize by 112% and stover yield by 133% with 64.4% increase in soil N fertility. Similarly, fertilizer N applied to previous wheat showed considerable carry over effect on grain (8.9%) and stover (40.7%) yields of the following maize. Application of fertilizer N to current maize substantially increased grain yield of maize by 110%, stover yield by 167% and soil N fertility by 9.8% over the nil N fertilizer treatment. We concluded from these experiments that returning of crop residues, application of fertilizer N and involvement of legumes in crop rotation greatly improves the N economy of the cropping systems and enhances crop productivity through additional N and other benefits in low N soils. The farmers who traditionally remove residues for fodder and fuel will require demonstration of the relative benefits of residues return to soil for sustainable crop productivity. 相似文献
9.
Influence of wheat residue management on irrigated corn grain production in a reduced tillage system
Management of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues for corn (Zea mays L.) planting is an important issue in southern parts of Iran where these two irrigated crops are consecutively grown. Concerns have been raised in recent years over the burning of the crop residues by farmers in these areas. A 2-year (2001–2002) field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigated corn planted, after burning wheat residues followed by conventional tillage (CT), after residue removal followed by CT, after soil incorporation of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of residue followed by chisel plow, disk harrow, and row crop planter equipped with row cleaner. The CT operations consisted of mollboard plowing followed by two times disk harrowing. Treatments had significant effects on corn grain yield, biological yield, and leaf area index. The highest grain yield (15.73 t ha−1) and grains per ear (709.3) were obtained when 25–50% of wheat residues were soil incorporated and the seeds were sown with planter equipped with row cleaner in both years as compared with conventional tillage practices. It is recommended that complete residue removal or burning should be avoided; hence for successful corn production after wheat, residue management techniques that reduce residue level in the row area should be implemented. 相似文献
10.
Changes in soil properties and yield response in relation to tillage and residue management treatments in an irrigated groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)—wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) rotation on a sandy soil (1972–1974) and on a sandy loam soil (1974–1976) were evaluated. Tillage treatments (T1 and T2) did not cause significant changes in soil properties. Incorporation of crop residues (5 t residue per ha per crop, T3) caused a substantial increase in organic C, available N, and NaHCO3 -extractable P contents in the top 15 cm of both soils. Residue management treatments (T3, T4 and T5) showed no significant effect on soil bulk density and exchangeable K. Crop yields under no-tillage (T1) and conventional tillage (control, T2) were comparable on sandy soil but on the sandy loam soil, no-tillage yielded significantly lower than conventional tillage. Compared with the control, incorporation of crop residues (T3) caused higher yields on sandy soil for groundnut and wheat by 34.1 and 47.4%, respectively, and on sandy loam by 17.1 and 7.2%, respectively. Mulching with crop residues conserved soil moisture and reduced maximum soil temperature (1.5–5.3°C in groundnut and 1.5–2.9°C in wheat) but other measured soil properties were not significantly affected. Significant yield increase due to residue mulching (T4) was observed in sandy soil but it was significantly less than when total crop residue was incorporated (T3). Increased wheat root-weight density in the top 15 cm soil with residue mulching was not reflected in grain yield. Compared with the incorporation of the total amount of crop residue (T3), incorporation of half the amount and application of the other half as mulch (T5) caused lower yields — on sandy soil for groundnut and wheat by 31.5 and 15.7%, respectively, and on sandy loam by 4.8 and 3.6%, respectively. 相似文献
11.
我国主要粮食作物秸秆钾养分资源量及还田替代钾肥潜力 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
12.
Rice is the staple food for nearly 40% of the world's population. In Malawi, rice is ranked second only to maize as a cereal food crop. In rainfed areas of Malawi, grain yields typically average 1.0–1:5 t ha‐1 while potential yield is 4–5 t ha1. To bridge the gap between current and potential yields, several novel nutrient management systems were studied. Many research reports indicate that rice responds to silicon (Si) application as well as to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) which are commonly applied. Rice crop residues (straws and hulls) are rich in Si and K, but are not utilized currently in rice production. The effect of rice‐hull ash, rice straw, and method of N application (prilled or briquetted urea) on a transplanted rice crop was studied through field experiments in Malawi during 1995 and 1996. Application of urea in briquette form increased rice grain yield by 1056 and 122 kg ha‐1 compared to prilled urea in the 1995 winter and 1996 summer experiments, respectively. However in the 1996 winter experiment, prilled urea was superior to urea briquette and increased the rice grain yield by 307 kg ha1. Incorporation of rice straw significantly increased rice grain yields over the control in three consecutive experiments. Rice‐hull ash alone increased the rice grain yields in all three experiments up to 12%; however, the increase was not statistically significant. The combination of rice straw and rice‐hull ash along with optimum N rates (60 kg ha‐1) increased the rice grain yields significantly in 1996 winter season but the increase was not significant in the other two experiments. 相似文献
13.
长期翻压绿肥对提高灌漠土土壤肥力和作物产量的贡献 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
14.
长期施肥对红壤pH、作物产量及氮、磷、钾养分吸收的影响* 总被引:36,自引:12,他引:24
在湖南祁阳典型红壤上进行不同施肥长期定位试验18年,观测了土壤pH、作物产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收量的变化。结果表明,长期施用化学氮肥(单施氮肥、氮磷配施和氮磷钾配施)红壤pH明显下降,其中以单施氮肥降幅最大,18年降低了1.5个单位; pH降低主要发生在施肥的前8~10年,当pH下降到4.5时,其下降速度趋于缓慢并相对稳定。施用有机肥(化学肥料配施有机肥和单施有机肥),土壤pH保持稳定或较试验开始有所升高,以单施有机肥处理pH升幅最大,升高1.0个单位。不施肥和施用化学氮肥的作物产量随着施肥年限均显著降低,其中小麦产量平均每年下降11~104 kg/hm2,玉米产量平均每年下降 24~210 kg/hm2; 而施用有机肥的作物产量保持稳定或稳定增加,其中化学肥料配施有机肥的玉米产量平均每年增加 101 kg/hm2。施用化学氮肥处理(除氮磷钾配施处理的玉米外)作物产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收量与土壤pH均存在极显著正相关。可见,pH降低是作物产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收降低的主要原因之一; 而施用有机肥能改善红壤酸度,尤其是化学肥料配施有机肥能获得持续高产,是红壤区的最佳施肥模式。 相似文献
15.
16.
The field experiments were carried out at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during three crop cycles from 1996-97 to 1998-99 to study the effect of incorporation of wheat and rice residues with and without a culture of cellulolytic fungi Trichrus spiralis on grain and straw yields and NPK uptake of rice-wheat cropping system and organic C, available P and available K content of soil. Incorporation of residue of wheat, rice or both had no significant effect on individual grain and straw yields and N and P uptake of rice and wheat, but significantly increased total grain and straw yields and N and P uptake of rice-wheat cropping system. Cellulolytic culture had no additional advantage over crop residues. Incorporation of residue of wheat, rice or both significantly increased K uptake of both rice and wheat as this practice resulted in recycling of 90% of total K uptake by rice and wheat crops. Incorporation of crop residue also resulted in building up of organic C, available P and available K content in soil. 相似文献
17.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):546-557
Abstract Soil carbon sequestration in agricultural lands has been deemed a sustainable option to mitigate rising atmospheric CO2 levels. In this context, the effects of different tillage and C input management (residue management and manure application) practices on crop yields, residue C and annual changes in total soil organic C (SOC) (0–30 cm depth) were investigated over one cycle of a 4-year crop rotation (2003–2006) on a cropped Andisol in northern Japan. For tillage practices, the effects of reduced tillage (no deep plowing, a single shallow harrowing for seedbed preparation [RT]) and conventional deep moldboard plow tillage (CT) were compared. The combination of RT, residue return and manure application (20 Mg ha?1 in each year) increased spring wheat and potato yields significantly; however, soybean and sugar beet yields were not influenced by tillage practices. For all crops studied, manure application enhanced the production of above-ground residue C. Thus, manure application served not only as a direct input of C to the soil, but the greater crop biomass production engendered enhanced subsequent C inputs to the soil from residues. The SOC contents in both the 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm layers of the soil profile were greater under RT than under CT treatments because the crop residue and manure were densely incorporated into the shallow soil layers. Comparatively, neither tillage nor C input management practices had significant effects on annual changes in SOC content in either the 10–20 cm or 20–30 cm layers of the soil profile. When soil C sequestration rates, as represented by annual changes in total SOC (0–30 cm), were assessed on a total soil mass basis, an anova showed that tillage practices had no significant effect on total C sequestration, but C input management practices had significant positive effects (P ≤ 0.05). These results indicate that continuous C input to the soil through crop residue return and manure application is a crucial practice for enhancing crop yields and soil C sequestration in the Andisol region of northern Japan. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):541-554
The management of crop residues coupled with external nutrient inputs is important for improving and conserving soil fertility and productivity. We assessed the long-term effects of three wheat residue management options (RMO) (residue burning, incorporation, and surface retention) in combination with three supplementary nutrient inputs (SNI) [control, fertilizer, and farmyard manure (FYM)] on phosphorus (P) fractions and adsorption behavior of a Vertisol under soybean–wheat system. Wheat residue incorporation and retention improved the labile inorganic P [sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-Pi)] by 3.2 and 5.0 mg kg?1 and the labile organic P (NaHCO3-Po) by 2.4 and 4.2 mg kg?1, respectively, as compared to residue burning. The soils under residue incorporation and retention had 38 and 26% more moderately labile organic P [sodium hydroxide (NaOH-Po)], respectively, than the soil under residue burning. The SNI either as fertilizer or FYM further enhanced NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, and NaOH-Po. In contrast, less labile P fractions [hydrochloric acid (HCl)-P and residual-P] remained unaffected by RMO and SNI treatments. Residue retention or incorporation decreased P adsorption over the residue burning for all the three nutrient inputs. The P-adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir equation (R2 ranged from 0.970 to 0.994). The P-adsorption maximum (b), bonding energy constant (k), differential P-buffering capacity (DPBC), and standard P requirement (SPR) were lower with residue incorporation or surface retention than with residue burning. The SPR followed the order residue burning > incorporation > retention for RMOs and control > fertilizer > FYM for SNI treatments. The NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-P0, and NaOH-Po had negative correlation with P-adsorption parameters and showed positive correlation with soybean P uptake. Wheat residue incorporation or retention plus FYM could be an effective strategy for enhancing the P fertility of Vertisols under a soybean–wheat system. 相似文献
19.
长期秸秆还田对华北潮土肥力、 氮库组分及作物产量的影响 总被引:32,自引:7,他引:25
【目的】近年,华北小麦-玉米轮作系统秸秆全量还田已逐步普及,但秸秆还田下土壤氮库组成的变化并不清楚。本文利用肥料定位试验,研究了长期秸秆还田(32年)对华北潮土肥力、 氮库组分和作物产量的影响。【方法】研究选用河北省衡水旱作试验站长期定位试验的不施肥(对照CK)和等量氮、 磷肥用量下的0kg/hm2(S0)、 2250 kg/hm2(S1)、 4500 kg/hm2(S2)和9000 kg/hm2(S3)秸秆还田处理。于2012年小麦收获后采集各处理020 cm土样,利用新鲜土样测定微生物量氮、 NH+4-N和NO-3-N;风干土壤用常规方法测定氮磷钾全养分、 有机质和pH,用Bremner法测定有机氮(酸解氨基酸态氮、 酸解氨态氮、 氨基糖氮和酸解未知态氮),用Silver-Bremner法测定固定态铵。同时结合长期试验数据, 分析长期秸秆还田下有机质和作物产量的变化。【结果】与试验开始前(1981年)相比,长期施用化肥处理的土壤全磷和有机质显著增加,全氮没有明显变化,而全钾出现降低趋势(-3.2%);秸秆用量的增加提高了全氮、 全磷和有机质,降低了pH值,但对全钾没有影响。酸解氨基酸态氮、 酸解氨态氮和未知态氮为潮土有机氮的主要组分;与CK相比,长期施肥提高了土壤有机氮含量,酸解氨基酸态氮、 酸解氨态氮和氨基糖氮均随秸秆用量的增加而增加,而不同施肥处理对酸解未知态氮和非酸解氮没有明显影响。长期化肥施用提高了微生物量氮和晶格固定态铵,秸秆用量的增加进一步提高了微生物量氮,但降低了固定碳铵。施肥没有明显影响NH+4-N含量,但长期施用化肥提高了NO-3-N含量,且高量秸秆还田对NO-3-N含量的提高具有促进作用。施肥显著提高了作物产量,在施用化肥基础上增施秸秆进一步提高了小麦和玉米产量,且玉米产量随秸秆用量的增加而增加,而高量秸秆还田对小麦产量并没有显著影响。【结论】长期化肥(氮、 磷肥)和秸秆结合施用提高了土壤肥力(主要为氮、 磷), 增加了土壤碳固持,但仅玉米秸秆还田导致了土壤钾消耗,增加钾肥投入维持土壤钾平衡是必要的。长期秸秆还田对酸解氨基酸态氮的贡献高于酸解氨态氮;高量秸秆还田提高了微生物量氮和NO-3-N含量,但降低了固定态铵含量。长期秸秆还田提高了作物产量,而为保证秸秆还田后茬的作物高产,与之配套的还田方法和田间管理是很必要的。 相似文献
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Abstract Despite being a major domain of global food supply, rice–wheat (RW) cropping system is questioned for its contribution to biomass burning in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Enhancing the yield and soil quality properties in this system is therefore necessary to reduce environmental degradation and maintain agricultural productivity. A field experiment evaluated the effects of soil management practices such as rice residue (RS) incorporation, and nitrogen (N) application on crop yield and micronutrients transformations in a RW cropping system of north-western India. The results revealed that N application (120?kg N ha?1) and RS incorporation (7.5 t ha?1) significantly increased micronutrients cations and crop yield compared with no-residue (RS0). Irrespective of N application, crop grain yield under RS incorporation (Rs7.5 t ha?1) was significantly higher than RS0 incorporation. Significant increase in all the micronutrient transformations was recorded in N120/Rs7.5 t ha?1 compared with RS0. Among different fractions, crystalline Fe bound in Zn, Mn, and Cu and amorphous Fe oxide in Fe fractions were the dominant fractions under N application (N120) and RS incorporation (RS7.5) treatment. Our study showed that application of N120 followed by RS7.5 can be more sustainable practice under RW cropping system for improvement in micronutrients availability and crop yield. This practice also provides an opportunity to incorporation of crop residues as an alternative to burning, which causes severe air pollution in the RW cropping system in the IGP. 相似文献