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1.
转基因技术在污染土壤植物修复中的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用植物及其相关的微生物修复污染土壤、沉积物、地下水,已经成为一种经济环保的技术,越来越受到关注。植物修复主要是利用积聚、络合、挥发、降解、去除、转化或者固定等机制来处理污染物。识别超富集植物中的特定基因,通过基因操纵技术以及植物转化技术,获得高效去除环境中污染物的转基因植物,对于污染场地的植物修复应用具有非常大的潜力。根据相关文献分别从植物提取、植物挥发以及植物降解三个方面,对国外转基因技术在土壤污染植物修复中的研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   

2.
植物修复技术及其在环境保护中的应用   总被引:26,自引:3,他引:23  
阐述了植物修复技术的含义,即利用植物去修复和消除有机毒物和无机毒物引起的土壤环境污染,介绍了对有机污染物修复的方法:(1)根收获,(2)叶表挥发,(3)植物降解;对无机污染物修复的方法;(1)收获生物量或将污染物进行生物挥发从而将污染物将出土体,(2)将污染物转变成为无生物活性的形态收获生物量对于回收某些贵重金属是很有价值的。基因工程技术以及农业技术的综合运用可以更好地促进植物修复的效果。  相似文献   

3.
程国玲  孙晖  杜葳 《土壤通报》2007,38(4):799-803
菌根作为真菌与植物的结合体,有着独特的酶途径,可以降解不能被细菌单独转化的有机物,不仅能从微生物修复角度影响有机物降解,还能从植物修复角度影响有机物的降解。本文综述了近年来菌根真菌对土壤中的石油类、农药、氯代芳香烃类及酞酸脂类污染物的降解研究进展,探讨了菌根降解污染物的内在可能机理,其中包括酶的作用、根际的作用及土壤中其他微生物对降解的贡献。综合菌根真菌在生物修复中的优点,认为其在生物修复中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

4.
多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物与植物联合修复研究进展   总被引:37,自引:7,他引:30  
本文综述了多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤中微生物降解途径、机理及生物反应器的应用,并从植物修复角度,进一步阐述了与微生物联合作用促进污染土壤中PAHs降解的途径、机理及其应用。提出了利用微生物共代谢降解及其与植物联合修复PAHs污染土壤环境的生物修复技术未来研究课题。  相似文献   

5.
污染土壤植物修复技术及其机理研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
阐述了污染土壤植物修复技术消除污染物的吸收、积累、降解、抑制和转化作用的关键机制 ,并指出该技术存在的问题、局限性及其应用植物修复技术应注重的关键环节。研究表明植物根际对石油烃降解及抑制是这些化合物的主要损失机制 ,而金属的植物修复技术主要基于植物的稳定和积累作用。  相似文献   

6.
菌根是植物根系与菌根真菌形成的共生体,它能增强植物的逆境抗胁迫能力,有促进有机污染物降解和转化的作用。近年来很多学者对其进行了研究,然而有关其降解和转化的机理目前仍不是很明确。介绍了国内外涉及菌根真菌对土壤中有机污染物的降解机理的研究成果,为促进菌根真菌在土壤有机污染生物修复中的应用提供了基础信息。  相似文献   

7.
土壤环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解及联合生物修复   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
邹德勋  骆永明  徐凤花  滕应  李振高 《土壤》2007,39(3):334-340
研究土壤环境中持久性有机污染物的生物降解及其生物修复技术是当今国际环境修复科学技术前沿领域的重要课题。本文重点论述了土壤环境中持久性有机污染物多环芳烃的微生物降解机理及其在生物修复中的应用等,并结合当前研究进展,展望了基于多种修复措施相结合的多环芳烃污染土壤联合生物修复工程技术的开发与应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
生物修复是借助于生物系统降解环境中污染物的有效方法,具有成本低、效率高和有效持续时间长等优点。阐述了水体生物修复进展,重点论述了对水体中烃类污染、水体脱氮以及酶工程和新型反应器在生物修复中的应用。  相似文献   

9.
大气污染的植物修复   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
骆永明  查宏光  宋静  李华 《土壤》2002,34(3):113-119
本文综述了近年来国际上利用植物修复大气污染的研究现状与趋势。认为人类可以有意识地选择单一的或组合的野生植物和人工植物,利用植物对大气污染物的吸附、吸收、转化、同化、降解等功能,形成和发展经济、高效、持续、安全的大气污染绿色修复理论和技术,实现污染大气环境的生物修复  相似文献   

10.
有机污染物污染土壤环境的植物修复机理   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
李兆君  马国瑞 《土壤通报》2005,36(3):436-439
利用活的生物体对有毒有机物污染土壤环境的修复是一种被人们认为安全可靠的方法。植物修复是生物修复研究的热点。植物修复的机理包括植物对有机污染物的直接吸收、植物根系分泌物、微生物对根际环境中有机污染物降解的促进作用。  相似文献   

11.
重金属污染土壤的螯合剂诱导植物修复研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
植物修复作为一种生态友好型原位绿色修复技术成为重金属污染土壤修复研究的热点。然而,目前最具有推广价值的超积累植物因生物量低、生长缓慢、对重金属的积累具有专一性等缺点,大大限制了植物修复技术在重金属污染尤其是复合重金属污染土壤治理方面的推广应用。利用生长速度快、生物量大的普通植物借助其它技术辅助的联合植物修复便成了有效可行的替代途径和研究焦点。近年来,金属螯合剂诱导的化学-植物联合修复技术备受关注。本文综述了螯合剂诱导植物修复技术的研究进展、修复机理和目前存在的问题,并对该项技术的未来研究方向给予了展望。  相似文献   

12.
王亚丹  乔冬梅  陆红飞 《土壤通报》2022,53(6):1499-1505
随着人们生活水平的提升、工业化进程和城市化的不断发展,土壤重金属污染已成为当今社会发展面临的一个很严峻的环境问题,因此加强土壤重金属污染的修复刻不容缓。近年来兴起的植物修复技术相比于其它修复技术有着良好的发展前景,但植物修复效率一直是困扰该技术的难题。大量研究表明,水分管理会引起土壤理化性质及重金属形态的改变,同时改变植物体内重金属的含量和迁移。本文在前人的研究基础上,综述了水分管理对土壤物理、化学、生物学性质以及植物本身的影响,分析了不同水分条件下植物的修复效率,提出了未来发展建议,为保证我国粮食安全和农业绿色发展提供理论基础和实践依据。  相似文献   

13.
Aspects of phytoremediation of organic pollutants   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Phytoremediation is a quite novel technique to clean polluted soils using plants. In theory, phytoremediation methods are cheap, are accepted by the public and, compared to physical or chemical approaches, are ecologically advantageous. Until today, however, there are only a few examples of successful applications. One reason is that the processes involved are complex, and a full clean up may require many years. Plants affect the water balance of a site, they change redox potential and pH, and stimulate microbial activity of the soil. These indirect influences may accelerate degradation in the root zone or reduce leaching of compounds to groundwater. Compounds taken up into plants may be metabolised, accumulated, or volatilised into air. Based on these processes, several phytoremediation methods have been developed: Phytoextraction, rhizofiltra-tion, phytostabilisation, rhizo and phytodegradation, pump and tree, land farming, phytovolatilisation, hydraulic control and more. Already in use are plants (and here willow, poplar and grass) for the degradation of petroleum products, aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), chlorinated solvents, explosives and cyanides. However, phytotoxicity and pollutant mass balances were rarely documented. Often, the success of the projects was not controlled, and only estimates can be made about the applicability and the potential of phytoremediation. This lack of experience about possibilities and limitations seems to be a hindrance for a broader use of these techniques.  相似文献   

14.
Metal contamination in the environment is a global concern due to its high toxicity to living organisms and its worldwide distribution.The principal goal of this review is to examine the current strategies and technologies for the remediation of metalcontaminated soils by metal-accumulating plants and assess the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi in remediation of soils under hyperaccumulator or non-accumulator plants.The use of plants to remove metals from the environment or reduce the toxicity,known as phytoremediation,is an environmentally sustainable and low cost remediation technology.The mechanisms of the use of hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation included solubilization of the metal in the soil matrix,the plant uptake of the metal,detoxification/chelation and sequestration,and volatilization.Recently,some ecologists have found that phytoremediation with the aids of mycorrhizae can enhance efciency in the removal of toxic metals.AM fungi can facilitate the survival of their host plants growing on metal-contaminated land by enhancing their nutrient acquisition,protecting them from the metal toxicity,absorbing metals,and also enhancing phytostabilization and phytoextraction.Such information may be useful for developing phytoremediation program at metal-contaminated sites.  相似文献   

15.
Advances in fungal-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metals: A review   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Trace metals such as manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are essential for many biological processes in plant life cycles. However, in excess, they can be toxic and disrupt plant growth processes, which is economically undesirable for crop production. For this reason, processes such as homeostasis and transport control of these trace metals are of constant interest to scientists studying heavily contaminated habitats. Phytoremediation is a promising cleanup technology for soils polluted with heavy metals. However, this technique has some disadvantages, such as the slow growth rate of metal-accumulating plant species, low bioavailability of heavy metals, and long duration of remediation. Microbial-assisted phytoremediation is a promising strategy for hyperaccumulating, detoxifying, or remediating soil contaminants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found in association with almost all plants, contributing to their healthy performance and providing resistance against environmental stresses. They colonize plant roots and extend their hyphae to the rhizosphere region, assisting in mineral nutrient uptake and regulation of heavy metal acquisition. Endophytic fungi exist in every healthy plant tissue and provide enormous services to their host plants, including growth enhancement by nutrient acquisition, detoxification of heavy metals, secondary metabolite regulation, and enhancement of abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. The aim of the present work is to review the recent literature regarding the role of AMF and endophytic fungi in plant heavy metal tolerance in terms of its regulation in highly contaminated conditions.  相似文献   

16.
随着人类活动对地球环境的影响日益显著,土壤污染问题已成为社会关注的焦点。我国土壤修复起步较晚,且修复技术仅局限于物理、化学等常规手段。随着国家对污染防治攻坚战的深入推进,修复领域亟需高效、低耗、环保的新技术出现,而生物修复可以一定程度弥补现有修复技术的缺陷。因此,通过与传统物理化学修复比较,探究了生物技术(如动物、植物、微生物技术)的优势、使用特点及适用范围,对国内外生物土壤修复技术进行了计量分析。文献调研结果显示:①土壤生物修复主要关注多环芳烃、重金属等污染物,并且微生物技术是研究热点,前期主要探究降解菌的分离鉴定,现阶段则集中于相关机理分析;②动物修复技术的主体模式生物单一,主要利用蚯蚓的生物性和非生物性特性进行修复,在土壤修复中应用较少;③植物修复技术因其多样的修复机理,广泛应用于重金属污染场地,同时可与微生物协同处理污染物;④微生物修复技术主体多样,修复污染物种类多,并且可与其他修复技术联合应用,在生物修复技术中研究最为广泛;⑤对国内土壤修复的发展方向进行展望,以期推动我国修复领域技术的快速发展。  相似文献   

17.
Phytoremediation Technology: Hyper-accumulation Metals in Plants   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
This paper reviews key aspects of phytoremediation technology and the biological mechanisms underlying phytoremediation. Current knowledge regarding the application of phytoremediation in alleviating heavy metal toxicity is summarized highlighting the relative merits of different options. The results reveal a cutting edge application of emerging strategies and technologies to problems of heavy metals in soil. Progress in phytoremediation is hindered by a lack of understanding of complex interactions in the rhizosphere and plant based interactions which allow metal translocation and accumulation in plants. The evolution of physiological and molecular mechanisms of phytoremediation, together with recently-developed biological and engineering strategies, has helped to improve the performance of both heavy metal phytoextraction and phytostabilization. The results reveal that phytoremediation includes a variety of remediation techniques which include many treatment strategies leading to contaminant degradation, removal (through accumulation or dissipation), or immobilization. For each of these processes, we review what is known for metal pollutants, gaps in knowledge, and the practical implications for phytoremediation strategies.  相似文献   

18.
多环芳烃类有机污染物在土壤中可长期存在,进而通过食物链对人类健康产生重大潜在风险。对多环芳烃污染土壤进行植物修复是一种环境友好且经济有效的污染补救策略。进行植物根际效应机制研究对于开发可持续性多环芳烃污染土壤的植物修复技术具有重要指导意义。对近年来的相关研究工作进行了总结,结果表明:多种禾本科植物具有较强的多环芳烃污染耐受性和较好的修复效能,利用多植物混植的联合修复方式表现出优于单一植物的修复优势。低分子量有机酸类根系分泌物通过与土壤中多环芳烃污染物形成反馈回路决定植物修复体系中多环芳烃的命运。修复植物根系分泌物可塑造特定的根际微生物区系,根际微生物可通过多种机制来降解土壤环境中的多环芳烃。针对在植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究过程中尚存在一些问题,提出了未来植物修复根际效应机理研究中应该关注的重点和方向,旨在为优化多环芳烃污染土壤植物修复技术提供科学依据与理论参考。  相似文献   

19.
Phytoremediation is a cleanup technology for the removal of contaminants from polluted soils. The influences of humic acid (HA) and four plant growth regulators, i.e. gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, 3-indoleacetic acid, and 6-benzylaminopurine on the phytoremediation of Pb by maize were investigated in a pot trial on a Pb-contaminated soil. Foliar spray of 6-benzylaminopurine and salicylic acid significantly increased mean root dry matter but none of growth regulators had a significant effect on that of shoot. Addition of HA decreased root dry matter and had no significant effect on that of shoots. Application of all growth regulators except gibberellic acid significantly increased root Pb uptake. Application of salicylic acid significantly increased mean uptake efficiency and shoot Pb concentration and uptake. Although addition of HA significantly increased mean phytoextraction and translocation efficiencies, these responses were mainly attributed to the role of HA in the reduction of both root dry weight and Pb uptake, meaning that HA is not promising in Pb phytoremediation by maize. Among the four plant growth regulators evaluated, salicylic acid was the most effective in enhancing phytoremediation through phytostabilization of Pb.  相似文献   

20.
土壤有机污染物电化学修复技术研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
综述了有机污染土壤的电动力修复和微生物电化学修复的最新研究进展。分析了电动力修复中电极材料、运行条件等因素对污染物去除效果的影响,总结了添加表面活性剂、引入具有降解能力的基质、与化学或生物联合等方式对土壤修复效果的强化作用,阐述了微生物电化学修复的效果、影响因素和微生物群落演变的规律。电化学技术能够有效去除土壤中的有机污染物,且电动力较微生物电化学具有更好的去除效果。为了实现电化学技术在污染土壤修复中的应用,未来需要从土壤导电性、电极材料以及反应器构型等方面优化以提高修复效果;此外,电化学修复技术的机理、功能微生物的群落特征研究等也是下一步研究的重点。  相似文献   

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