干旱区典型绿洲土壤有机质的反演及影响因素研究

为了大面积、高精度地反演土壤有机质含量,为农业可持续发展提供数据支撑。以新疆渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区,采用波段平均法将实测高光谱窄波段拟合为Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像的宽波段,建立土壤有机质含量的估算模型,并将最优估算模型应用到经过波段校正的Landsat 8OLI遥感影像中。结果表明:(1)反射率进行倒数、对数、平方、一阶微分等数学变换后与有机质含量的相关性显著提高;(2)土壤有机质的高光谱估算模型拟合度较高,最优估算模型的决定系数R2为0.852,采用比值法对多光谱波段反射率进行校正,校正后的遥感影像反演结果得到了较大提高,检验样本的决定系数R2从0.711提升至0.849。从反演结果来看,将高光谱估算模型应用到经过订正的多光谱影像,土壤有机质反演模型的精度得到了大幅度提高,运用此方法可以实现高精度的土壤有机质区域化反演。(3)有机质的分布受土地利用类型、土壤颗粒组成、土壤质地的影响,其中土壤质地对有机质的空间分布影响最为显著。     

基于Sentinel-2多光谱数据的棉花叶面积指数估算

棉花叶面积指数(leaf are index, LAI)的快速、准确获取对棉花长势监测、发育期诊断、面积提取以及产量估算等遥感监测具有重要意义。该研究利用2017年和2018年的Sentinel-2多光谱卫星数据及大面积田间试验观测获取的棉花不同发育期LAI实测数据,构建了基于单波段反射率及各类植被指数的棉花不同发育期及全发育期LAI估算模型,并采用留一验证(LOOCV, leave-one-out cross validation)和交叉验证对模型精度进行了检验。结果表明:1)对于单波段反射率,基于中心波长为842 nm波宽为145 nm的B8近红外波段对不同发育期LAI估算精度最优均方根误差(RMSE, root mean square error, RMSE=0.378);2)对于各类植被指数,花蕾期(20170616)和花铃期(20170802)时增强植被指数(EVI, enhanced vegetation index,)表现最佳(RMSE分别为0.352和0.367),开花期(20180623)时校正土壤调节植被指数(MSAVI2, modified soil adjusted vegetation index 2,)估算精度最高(RMSE=0.323);3)单波段反射率和各类植被指数对全发育期LAI的估算均要优于对单个发育期LAI的估算,其中基于IRECI指数的(invertedred-edge chlorophyllindex)全发育期LAI估算模型精度最佳,LOOCV检验RMSE=0.425,交叉检验RMSE=0.368;将基于IRECI的全发育期LAI估算模型应用到单个发育期LAI估算并与各单个发育期LAI估算模型精度对比,发现交叉验证RMSE平均值仅比LOOCV验证RMSE平均值高0.07,反映了全发育期LAI估算模型良好的普适性。该研究为农作物LAI估算提供了新的数据选择,完善了Sentinel-2卫星数据在LAI估算中的应用领域。     

基于低空无人机成像光谱仪影像估算棉花叶面积指数

农作物叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)遥感监测具有快速、无损的优势。该文以低空无人机作为遥感平台,使用新型成像光谱仪获取的农田高光谱影像数据对棉花LAI进行反演。利用影像高光谱分辨率的特点,针对传统固定波段植被指数(fixed-bandvegetation index,F_VI)进行改进,通过动态搜索相应植被指数定义所使用波段范围内的反射率极值的方法,计算与各类植被指数对应的极值植被指数(extremum vegetation index,E_VI)。分别以原始全波段光谱反射率、连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)提取的有效波段反射率以及各类F_VI和E_VI作为自变量,使用最小二乘和偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)回归等方法构建LAI遥感估算模型。结果显示:1)以植被指数为自变量的模型估算效果(验证R2最高为0.85)优于以光谱反射率作为自变量的模型(验证R2最高为0.59);2)使用E_VI作为自变量能够显著提高LAI的估测精度(验证R2最大提高了0.11);3)使用PLS回归算法结合多个E_VI建立的LAI-E_VIs-PLS模型精度最高。使用LAI-E_VIs-PLS模型对棉花地块高光谱影像进行反演,制作棉花LAI空间分布图,取得良好的估算结果(验证R2=0.88,RMSE=0.29),为农作物LAI遥感监测提供了新的技术手段。     

基于实测高光谱和Landsat 8 OLI影像的土壤盐化和碱化程度反演研究

针对宁夏银北地区土壤盐碱化定量监测的需要,利用实测土壤高光谱和Landsat 8 OLI多光谱影像数据采用多项式、多元线性回归等方法进行土壤含盐量和pH值反演研究,并对影像光谱反演模型进行校正,以提高遥感定量反演精度。结果表明:(1)基于实测光谱的土壤含盐量反演精度均高于基于OLI影像反演精度;基于实测光谱敏感波段反射率反演精度高于实测盐分指数反演精度,其中实测光谱经平滑后敏感波段建立的模型效果最佳(R~2=0.695)。(2)基于实测光谱平滑后敏感波段建立的pH值反演模型精度最高且最稳定(R~2=0.545),基于OLI影像光谱反演精度低于实测光谱,但也通过了显著性检验和精度验证。(3)经实测光谱模型校正后的Landsat 8 OLI影像光谱的土壤含盐量反演模型R~2从0.347提高到0.623。研究结果可以为准确、快速地定量监测当地土壤盐分含量、pH值的变化提供科学依据和技术手段。     

基于综合指标的冬小麦长势无人机遥感监测

作物长势监测可以及时获取作物的长势信息,该文尝试建立新型长势指标,监测小麦总体长势情况。将反映小麦长势的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶片叶绿素含量、植株氮含量、植株水分含量和生物量5个指标按照均等权重综合成一个指标,综合长势指标(comprehensive growth index,CGI)。利用450~882 nm范围内单波段和任意两个波段构建归一化光谱指数(normalized difference spectral index,NDSI),比值光谱指数(ratio spectral index,RSI)和简单光谱指数(simple spectral index,SSI),计算CGI与光谱指数的相关性,筛选出相关性好的光谱指数,结合偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建立反演模型。以CGI为指标,运用无人机高光谱影像对2015年小麦多生育期的长势监测。结果表明:1)冬小麦各生育期,总体上CGI与光谱指数的决定系数R~2均好于各项单独指标与相应光谱指数的R~2。仅孕穗期CGI和RSI(754,694)的R~2比叶绿素和RSI(486,518)的R~2低,开花期的CGI和R570的R~2比生物量和R834的R~2低以及灌浆期CGI和SSI(582,498)的R~2比植株含水量和SSI(790,862)的R~2低。2)拔节期,孕穗期,开花期,灌浆期和全生育期PLSR模型的建模R~2分别为0.70,0.72,0.78,0.78和0.61。拔节期,孕穗期和开花期的无人机CGI影像验证模型的均方根误差RMSE(root mean square error)分别为0.050,0.032和0.047。CGI与相应光谱指数的R~2高于单独各项指标与相应光谱指数的R~2,光谱指数能够很好反映CGI包含的信息。无人机高光谱影像反演CGI精度较高,能够判断出小麦总体的长势差异,可为监测小麦长势提供参考。     

松嫩平原典型农区玉米秸秆覆盖度遥感估算

农作物秸秆覆盖是当今保护性耕作技术运用最为重要的一种方式,在减少土壤侵蚀、提高农作物水分利用效率及土壤肥力方面具有十分重要的作用。本研究以Landsat-8 OLI影像为基础,基于偏最小二乘回归方法结合耕作指数和纹理特征,对研究区玉米秸秆覆盖度(Maize Residue Cover,MRC)进行估算研究。结果表明:(1)归一化差异耕作指数、简单耕作指数与MRC相关性优于其他耕作指数,其决定系数(R~2)均为0.86,归一化差异指数7和归一化差异指数5与短波红色外归一化差异指数及MRC相关性在0.5～0.3之间,归一化差异衰老植被指数、改良耕作指数与MRC之间相关性不明显;(2)纹理特征与MRC相关性并不显著,Band_(5mean)与MRC相关性优于其他纹理特征,其决定系数(R~2)为0.384,其余纹理特征与MRC相关性在0.2～0.3之间;(3)使用耕作指数和纹理特征的组合方法 (R~2=0.907,RMSE=6.21)进行MRC的估算精度要高于仅使用耕作指数(R~2=0.86,RMSE=5.77)和纹理特征(R~2=0.153,RMSE=10.36)的方法。组合方法可以很好地提高玉米秸秆覆盖度模型的估算精度,有利于进行部分地区MRC的估算工作。其中,组合方法中纹理特征指标的选择非常关键,不同的纹理特征指标的组合会对模型精度的提高与降低产生不同的影响。     

基于GF-1与Landsat-8多光谱遥感影像的玉米LAI反演比较

近年来,中国遥感事业已取得长足进步,高分一号(GF-1)卫星首次实现了中国自主研发的高分辨率对地观测。为探讨国产GF-1卫星影像在农业遥感长势监测中的适应性,以许昌地区为研究对象,选取同期Landsat-8卫星影像,结合地面采样数据LAI,从传感器光谱响应特征、经验回归模型监测精度以及LAI空间一致性等3方面进行2类遥感数据的对比评价。结果表明,GF-1影像近红外、红、蓝波段光谱响应与Landsat-8有差异,与绿波段光谱响应非常吻合,各波段光谱反射率与Landsat-8影像同类光谱间均存在显著线性关系。通过各波段组合多种归一化植被指数,采用经验回归模型反演LAI发现,GF-1影像反演的最优模型为NDVI的指数模型,R2为0.848,Landsat-8影像反演的最优模型为蓝红组合的归一化植被指数(blue-red NDVI,BRNDVI)的指数模型,R2为0.687,2类影像反演LAI与地面实测值均呈现较为一致的线性关系。由许昌地区玉米LAI值空间分布可见,GF-1影像反演的玉米LAI值与Landsat-8影像反演值过渡趋势一致,在许昌西部种植结构复杂地区,GF-1影像以其空间分辨率优势更能凸显LAI分布差异。通过该文研究表明,GF-1卫星的高时间分辨率以及高空间分辨率特征能够代替传统中分辨率数据成为农业遥感长势监测中的重要数据源,该数据在农业遥感其他领域的应用是今后研究的重点。     

Sentinel-2影像和BP神经网络结合的小麦条锈病监测方法

选用包含红边等多种不同波段信息的多光谱卫星数据,为区域尺度上展开作物病害监测研究提供更加丰富有效的信息,相比于常规的宽波段卫星遥感影像,搭载红边波段的Sentinel-2影像对作物病害胁迫更加敏感,能显著提高模型精度。该文以陕西省宁强县小麦条锈病为研究对象,基于Sentinel-2影像共提取了26个初选特征因子:3个可见光波段反射率(红、绿、蓝)、1个近红外波段反射率、3个红边波段反射率、14个对病害敏感的宽波段植被指数和5个红边植被指数。结合K-Means和ReliefF算法筛选病害敏感特征,最终筛选出3个宽波段植被指数,包括:增强型植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI)、结构加强色素指数(structure intensive pigment index,SIPI)、简单比值植被指数(simple ratio index,SR),2个红边波段植被指数:归一化红边2植被指数(normalized red-edge2 index,NREDI2)、归一化红边3植被指数(normalized red-edge3 index,NREDI3)。利用BP神经网络方法(back propagation neural network,BPNN),分别以宽波段植被指数和宽波段植被指数结合红边波段指数作为输入变量构建小麦条锈病严重度监测模型,对比2种模型的监测精度。结果显示,基于宽波段植被指数结合红边波段植被指数的监测模型的总体精度达到83.3%,Kappa系数0.73,优于仅基于宽波段植被指数特征所建监测模型的精度73.3%,Kappa系数0.58。说明红边波段能够为病害监测提供有效信息,采用宽波段植被指数和红边波段植被指数相结合的方法能够有效提高作物病虫害监测模型精度。     

基于HJ-1B数据的冬小麦留茬覆盖度遥感估算

作物茬作为农田生态系统的重要组成部分,影响着农田生态系统中的营养物质、碳、水和能量的流动与循环。建立了基于HJ-1B数据的冬小麦留茬覆盖度遥感估算模型,为区域作物留茬覆盖度遥感监测提供技术支撑。以山东禹城市冬小麦为例,分析了冬小麦留茬覆盖度与HJ-1B CCD数据各波段反射率、红外多光谱成像仪IRS数据的近红外和短波红外波段反射率及三种归一化光谱指数之间的相关关系,选取IRS归一化指数构建冬小麦留茬覆盖度光学估算模型。使用独立的地面观测数据对模型进行检验,模型估算的最大相对误差为24.96%,平均相对误差为9.28%,达到了一定精度。     

基于GF-1/WFV数据的冬小麦条锈病遥感监测

条锈病是冬小麦常见病害,利用遥感影像对条锈病病害区域进行准确监测具有重要意义。该文利用GF-1/WFV影像,结合条锈病地面光谱数据分析,采用冬小麦条锈病遥感监测指数(wheat stripe rust index,WSRI)对河南西华县冬小麦条锈病发病范围进行了估测。首先,利用冬小麦NDVI加权指数(weighted NDVI index,WNDVI)获取冬小麦种植区域。其次,利用影像4个波段反射率之和提取不同冬小麦品种的分布范围,值较高的为条锈病高抗品种(郑麦系列),较低的则是条锈病易感品种(矮壮系列)。再次,构建冬小麦条锈病指数(wheat stripe rust index,WSRI),结合地面实地调查的条锈病分布数据,通过设定合理的WSRI指数划分阈值,提取条锈病染病区域并进行精度验证。结果表明,研究区内小麦条锈病空间分布识别的总体精度在84.0%以上,具有区域监测应用的潜力。该方法简单,可操作性强,表明宽波段GF-1影像结合WSRI指数的技术,是一种比较可行的小麦条锈病遥感监测方案。     

Remote sensing of crop residue cover and soil tillage intensity

Management of plant litter or crop residues in agricultural fields is an important consideration for reducing soil erosion and increasing soil organic C. Current methods of quantifying crop residue cover are inadequate for characterizing the spatial variability of residue cover within fields or across large regions. Our objectives were to evaluate several spectral indices for measuring crop residue cover using satellite multispectral and hyperspectral data and to categorize soil tillage intensity in agricultural fields. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and EO-1 Hyperion imaging spectrometer data were acquired over agricultural fields in central Iowa in May and June 2004. Crop residue cover was measured in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr.) fields using line-point transects. Spectral residue indices using Landsat TM bands were weakly related to crop residue cover. With the Hyperion data, crop residue cover was linearly related to the cellulose absorption index (CAI), which measures the relative intensity of cellulose and lignin absorption features near 2100 nm. Coefficients of determination (r²) for crop residue cover as a function of CAI were 0.85 for the May and 0.77 for the June Hyperion data. Three tillage intensity classes, corresponding to intensive (<15% residue cover), reduced (15–30% cover) and conservation (>30% cover) tillage, were correctly identified in 66–68% of fields. Classification accuracy increased to 80–82% for two classes, corresponding to conventional (intensive + reduced) and conservation tillage. By combining information on previous season's (2003) crop classification with crop residue cover after planting in 2004, an inventory of soil tillage intensity by previous crop type was generated for the whole Hyperion scene. Regional surveys of soil management practices that affect soil conservation and soil C dynamics are possible using advanced multispectral or hyperspectral imaging systems.     

Remote sensing of crop residue cover and soil tillage intensity

Management of plant litter or crop residues in agricultural fields is an important consideration for reducing soil erosion and increasing soil organic C. Current methods of quantifying crop residue cover are inadequate for characterizing the spatial variability of residue cover within fields or across large regions. Our objectives were to evaluate several spectral indices for measuring crop residue cover using satellite multispectral and hyperspectral data and to categorize soil tillage intensity in agricultural fields. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and EO-1 Hyperion imaging spectrometer data were acquired over agricultural fields in central Iowa in May and June 2004. Crop residue cover was measured in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr.) fields using line-point transects. Spectral residue indices using Landsat TM bands were weakly related to crop residue cover. With the Hyperion data, crop residue cover was linearly related to the cellulose absorption index (CAI), which measures the relative intensity of cellulose and lignin absorption features near 2100 nm. Coefficients of determination (r²) for crop residue cover as a function of CAI were 0.85 for the May and 0.77 for the June Hyperion data. Three tillage intensity classes, corresponding to intensive (<15% residue cover), reduced (15–30% cover) and conservation (>30% cover) tillage, were correctly identified in 66–68% of fields. Classification accuracy increased to 80–82% for two classes, corresponding to conventional (intensive + reduced) and conservation tillage. By combining information on previous season's (2003) crop classification with crop residue cover after planting in 2004, an inventory of soil tillage intensity by previous crop type was generated for the whole Hyperion scene. Regional surveys of soil management practices that affect soil conservation and soil C dynamics are possible using advanced multispectral or hyperspectral imaging systems.     

Evaluation of soil erosion protective cover by crop residues using vegetation indices and spectral mixture analysis of multispectral and hyperspectral data

Crop residues are efficient in reducing erosion and surface water runoff on agricultural soils. Evaluating the crop residue cover fraction and its spatial distribution is important to scientists involved in the modelling of soil erosion and surface runoff, and also to authorities wishing to assess soil conservation adoption by farmers. This study focuses on the evaluation of four remote sensing techniques to estimate the cover fraction of cereal crop residues (i.e., wheat and corn) from multispectral and hyperspectral measurements. These are the Soil Adjusted Corn Residue Index (SACRI), the Crop Residue Index Multiband (CRIM), the Normalized Difference Index (NDI) and the spectral mixture analysis technique (SMA). Field campaigns that were carried out by the FLOODGEN project in Sainte-Angèle-de-Monnoir, Québec, Canada and in the Pays-de-Caux located in the Normandy region of France, allowed us to gather digital photographs, spectra and other measurements to determine the actual ground cover fraction. A linear regression analysis between results derived from Landsat-5 TM simulated field spectra and the actual ground cover fractions showed best results for the CRIM on the Ste-Angèle-de-Monnoir study site (R² = 0.96), and equally good results for the Pays-de-Caux study site (R² = 0.94). Results were not as good when SMA was applied to the same Landsat-5 TM simulated field spectra with R² values of 0.70 and 0.68 for both sites, respectively. However, results improved significantly when SMA was applied to the hyperspectral data in which case the R² values increased to 0.92 for the Sainte-Angèle-de-Monnoir site and 0.89 for the Pays-de-Caux study site. Results obtained with the NDI and SACRI from both simulated TM and hyperspectral field spectra were not conclusive.     

红外光谱指数反演大田冬小麦覆盖度及敏感性分析

植被的覆盖度能反映植被对光的截获、指示植物的生物产量等。常用的红光/近红外构成的植被指数能指示作物覆盖度，但它们易受到不确定因素的影响，估测结果往往偏差较大。该文以冬小麦为例，研究了利用近红外和短波红外光谱指数估测覆盖度的可行性，并评价了这些指数对品种、肥水处理和叶色的敏感性。试验中对冬小麦用数码相机垂直成像获取照片，利用分类算法自动提取覆盖度。根据同步获取的冬小麦光谱特征，构造了56个红外比值和28个红外归一化光谱指数，并选取了8个基于红光近红外的植被指数，利用通用线性模型(GLM)评价它们对覆盖度的预测能力及敏感性分析。结果表明，短波红外光谱指数R1690/R1450，R1450/R1690及(R1450-R1690)/(R1450+R1690)等不易受品种，肥水管理及叶色的影响，能很好地预测大田冬小麦覆盖度。     

基于无人机图像分割的冬小麦叶绿素与叶面积指数反演

叶绿素含量与叶面积指数是反映作物长势的重要理化参数,准确、高效定量估计小麦叶绿素含量与叶面积指数对于产量预测和田间管理决策具有重要意义,无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)遥感影像具有高空间分辨率的优势,被广泛应用于作物理化参数反演,但现有叶绿素含量与叶面积指数反演模型受土壤、阴影等背景噪声...     

基于高光谱植被指数的黑河流域作物叶绿素含量制图

Recent advances in optical remote sensing led to improved methodologies to monitor crop properties.The red-edge-based vegetation index considered to be one of the most powerful tools for estimating the chlorophyll content(Chl) was usually constructed from in-situ hyperspectral reflectance.In this paper, we present the work done to compare the Chl predictive quality by various red-edge-based vegetation indices based on the CASI data.The results indicated that among the selected vegetation indices, TCARI/OSAVI-based model estimated Chl(R2=0.46, RMSE =0.60 and P<0.01) with the best accuracy.To search the optimal vegetation index for Chl estimation, the normalized difference spectral index(NDSI) and ratio spectral index(RSI) were developed by using the waveband combination algorithm.A high linear correlation(R2=0.79, RMSE=0.38 and P<0.01) was acquired by combining the 869.20 and 754.90 nm wavebands, then NDSI(869.20, 754.90) was applied to the CASI image to generate the Chl distribution map.It suggests that more fertilizer should be provided for the southwest areas due to the lower Chl.     

基于高光谱植被指数的黑河流域作物叶绿素含量制图（英文）

Recent advances in optical remote sensing led to improved methodologies to monitor crop properties.The red-edge-based vegetation index considered to be one of the most powerful tools for estimating the chlorophyll content(Chl)was usually constructed from in-situ hyperspectral reflectance.In this paper,we present the work done to compare the Chl predictive quality by various red-edge-based vegetation indices based on the CASI data.The results indicated that among the selected vegetation indices,TCARI/OSAVI-based model estimated Chl(R2=0.46,RMSE=0.60 and P0.01)with the best accuracy.To search the optimal vegetation index for Chl estimation,the normalized difference spectral index(NDSI)and ratio spectral index(RSI)were developed by using the waveband combination algorithm.A high linear correlation(R2=0.79,RMSE=0.38 and P0.01)was acquired by combining the 869.20 and 754.90 nm wavebands,then NDSI(869.20,754.90)was applied to the CASI image to generate the Chl distribution map.It suggests that more fertilizer should be provided for the southwest areas due to the lower Chl.     

基于随机森林算法的冬小麦生物量遥感估算模型对比

为了寻求高效的冬小麦生物量估算方法,该研究获取了2014年陕西省杨凌区拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期的冬小麦生物量和对应的RADARSAT-2全极化雷达、GF1-WFV多光谱数据,并利用随机森林算法（random forest,RF）将光谱、雷达后向散射、光学植被指数和雷达植被指数结合进行冬小麦生物量回归建模。将相关系数分析（correlation coefficient, r）、袋外数据（out-of-bag data,OOB）重要性和灰色关联分析(grey relational analysis, GRA)与随机森林算法（RF）进行整合,构建了3种冬小麦生物量估算模型：r-RF、OOB-RF和GRA-RF,并分别利用3种估算模型对冬小麦生物量进行了估算。结果表明：r-RF、OOB-RF和GRA-RF3种模型分别采用3、4、10组数据时,验证决定系数分别为0.70、0.70和0.65,平均绝对误差分别为0.162、0.164和0.172 kg/m2,均方根误差分别为0.218、0.221和0.236 kg/m2,r-RF和OOB-RF比GRA-RF对冬小麦生物量有更好而的预测能力。研究结果证实了随机森林算法对冬小麦生物量进行遥感估算的潜力。     

空间自相关性对冬小麦种植面积空间抽样效率的影响

空间抽样是实现区域农作物面积高效估算的重要手段,农作物分布受自然条件等因素影响普遍存在空间自相关性,但以往针对空间相关性对农作物面积抽样效率的影响研究明显不足。该研究选取安徽省凤台县为研究区,通过2017年4月4景GF-1全色多光谱影像(Panchromatic and Multispectral, PMS)与Google Earth高空间分辨率影像相结合提取研究区冬小麦。设计10种抽样单元尺度、3种抽样外推方法、2种相对允许误差和5种样本布局方式,构建多种冬小麦面积空间抽样方案。利用全局莫兰指数(global Moran’s index)评价不种尺度下抽样单元内冬小麦面积比的空间自相关强度,分析空间自相关性对冬小麦面积抽样效率(抽样误差、样本容量和空间布局)的影响。研究结果表明,抽样单元内冬小麦面积比的空间自相关强度随单元尺度的增大而减小,全局莫兰指数相应地由0.75降至0.50。无论在何种尺度下抽样单元内冬小麦面积比都呈显著的空间正相关性;抽样外推冬小麦面积总体的误差随空间自相关强度的减小呈先减小后明显增大的趋势。在10种抽样单元尺度中,当抽样单元尺度为2000m且抽样比为5%时,无论采用何种抽样方法外推总体的误差均为最小(简单随机抽样、系统和分层抽样外推总体的相对误差分别为17.94%、9.48%和1.82%);当相对允许误差设计为5%时,简单随机抽样外推总体所需样本容量随空间自相关强度的降低从660降至56。而分层抽样的样本容量不受空间自相关性的影响;5种样本布局方式中,采用分层随机抽样方式外推冬小麦面积总体的平均相对误差、平均变异系数和均方根误差最小,分别为1.82%、3.19%和0.11×108 m2。该研究可为有空间自相关存在下的农作物面积空间抽样方案合理设计提供参考依据。