根瘤菌和AM真菌对紫花苜蓿结瘤和产质量的影响

了解酸性土壤条件下紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)接种中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium medicae,SM)和丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)的作用,有益于扩大西南地区牧草种植,促进牧业发展。选择当地典型、有代表性的酸性黄壤,设置不接种(CK)、接种SM(SM)、接种AMF(AMF)、混合接种(SM+AMF)四个处理,通过微区试验研究SM与AMF对紫花苜蓿生长、品质、根系结瘤和植株养分吸收等的影响。结果表明:在SM+AMF处理中,菌根真菌感染率和结瘤数分别较单接种提高,但根瘤单重显著减少,固氮效率和吸磷能力增加,其牧草产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁积累量均显著高于其他处理,表现出SM与AMF的协同效应。与CK相比,SM或AMF处理均促进苜蓿生长,提高牧草产量,改善品质,但SM和AMF处理之间无显著差异。在SM处理中,地上部氮含量和氮、磷、钾积累量高于CK,植株氮积累量高于AMF。在AMF处理中,其根系活力显著高于SM处理,有益于养分吸收,可解释植株磷、钾、钙、镁含量和积累量高于SM的原因。因此,SM和AMF均能不同程度地促进氮、磷、钾吸收,提高牧草产量品质。在西南酸性土壤上种植紫花苜蓿时,接种根瘤菌和菌根真菌尤其进行混合接种有益于提高牧草的产量和品质。     

接种耐酸根瘤菌和施钙对酸性土上紫花苜蓿生长的影响

采用裂区设计法研究了重庆缙云山酸性土上施钙与接种耐酸根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿生长和品质的影响。结果发现:接种耐酸苜蓿根瘤菌对苜蓿植株瘤重、根鲜重、株高、植株上部鲜重、全氮含量和酸性土壤中根瘤菌数量的提高影响显著;施Ca2+ 5 mmol/L与10 mmol/L处理与不施Ca2+处理相比,能显著增加植株根鲜重、株高和地上部鲜重,也能显著增加瘤重;瘤重与植株地上部鲜重、根鲜重和株高呈极显著相关关系,与植株全氮含量呈显著相关关系,说明良好的结瘤性能能够提高酸性土上紫花苜蓿的产量和品质。     

拉巴豆在不同土壤上的结瘤效应、饲用品质

选择重庆市4种具有代表性的土壤（灰棕紫泥两种、红棕紫泥和灰岩黄壤各一种）,接种促生根瘤菌,研究了拉巴豆的结瘤性能、生长情况、光合速率、营养品质及矿质养分等。结果表明,在微酸性和酸性灰棕紫泥土壤上,拉巴豆的生长、生理、光合、产量和品质显著优于灰岩黄壤和红棕紫泥。在微酸性灰棕紫泥（pH 6.14）和灰岩黄壤（pH 6.45）上,接种根瘤菌能形成根瘤,但在酸性灰棕紫泥（pH 4.09）和碱性红棕紫泥（pH 7.50）上,形成根瘤极少或不形成根瘤,说明土壤酸碱度过高和过低均抑制根瘤形成。接种根瘤菌形成根瘤之后,不同程度地改善了拉巴豆氮、磷营养,提高了其净光合速率,促进了生长,增加了生物量,改善了品质。拉巴豆生物量,氮、磷吸收量,收获后土壤有效氮、磷含量与根瘤重量呈显著正相关,故根瘤重量可反映根瘤活性。此外,在微酸性灰棕紫泥土壤中,拉巴豆的根瘤数量虽然比灰岩黄壤少53.32%,但根瘤体积较大,根瘤重量为灰岩黄壤上的1.66倍,接种效应总体上优于灰岩黄壤。所以,在重庆市的拉巴豆栽培中,选择微酸性和酸性灰棕紫泥,并接种根瘤菌有益于高产优质。     

丛枝菌根真菌和根瘤菌对连作花生养分吸收及土壤微生物特性的影响

探讨接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌和根瘤菌对连作花生作用效果及可能机制,有益于缓解花生连作障碍,促进花生养分高效和持续高产。在花生典型种植区,选择有代表性的酸性砂姜黑土,设置不接种(CK)、接种AM真菌(AM)、接种根瘤菌(Rb)、双接种(AM+Rb)4个处理,采用微区试验,研究AM真菌与根瘤菌对花生生长、根系形态、养分吸收及土壤微生物特性的影响。结果表明:接种处理增加了花生第一侧枝长和分枝数,显著提高了花生根和地上部生物量、荚果重和根瘤数,其中AM+Rb处理提高效果最显著。同时AM+Rb处理的花生根系总根长、总表面积、总体积分别显著提高30.1%、20.2%和59.7%,土壤微生物总量、细菌/真菌、放线菌/真菌明显提高,不同部位氮、磷、钾、钙、镁积累量显著增加,效果优于单接种。比较AM真菌和根瘤菌2种接种方式,Rb处理的花生不同部位氮积累量较高,而AM处理的根系形态状况较好,且花生不同部位磷、钾、钙、镁吸收量较高。可见,在酸性砂姜黑土区,接种AM真菌和根瘤菌尤其是双接种有益于改善根系形态状况和根际微生物环境,增强花生养分吸收能力,从而促进花生的生长及产量的提高。     

苜蓿接种根瘤菌和施肥对铁尾矿砂基质改良效果的影响

采用裂区试验设计方法,以铁尾矿砂为生长基质进行紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)盆栽试验,探讨了紫花苜蓿接种不同根瘤菌菌株和施肥水平对紫花苜蓿生长的影响,以筛选出明显促进紫花苜蓿生长的根瘤菌菌株与施肥水平的最佳组合。在最佳组合条件下,研究了紫花苜蓿连续种植2a后铁尾矿基质理化性质和生物学特性的变化。结果表明:(1)接种根瘤菌明显促进了紫花苜蓿根瘤重、根鲜重、地上部鲜重、株高的提高,其中以接种菌株17676的效果明显。(2)施肥对紫花苜蓿的生长有显著的促进作用。随着施肥水平的提高,紫花苜蓿的各项生长指标均逐渐增大,在5%施肥水平时最高,并且在5%施肥水平时紫花苜蓿地上部鲜重和株高与2.5%和1%2个施肥水平间差异显著。2.5%施肥水平下,紫花苜蓿根瘤重最大,但与5%施肥水平差异不显著。表明5%施肥水平对促进紫花苜蓿生长的效果最佳。(3)与对照(裸尾矿砂)相比,在5%施肥水平条件下,种植接种17676菌株的紫花苜蓿后,铁尾矿砂基质的理化性质和生物学特性均有了极为明显的改善(P0.01)。其中,容重显著下降,田间持水量和总孔隙度明显提高,pH值显著下降并接近中性,有机质和速效养分(碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)含量显著提高,基质中的细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量以及土壤酶(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和纤维素酶)活性明显提高。(4)与播种当年相比,种植紫花苜蓿2a的铁尾矿砂基质的理化性质和生物学特性均有不同程度的改善。其中,除了细菌和真菌数量以及有机质和碱解氮含量的提高效果不明显外,其他各项指标均达到了显著水平。表明5%有机肥水平条件下种植接种17676菌株的紫花苜蓿对铁尾矿砂基质的改良效果显著,紫花苜蓿种植年限对铁尾矿砂基质的改良效果也有重要作用。     

接种根瘤菌对蚕豆/玉米间作系统产量及结瘤作用的影响

通过田间试验,研究了不同施氮水平下蚕豆接种根瘤菌GS374对蚕豆/玉米间作系统产量及蚕豆结瘤作用的影响。结果表明,不施氮处理接种根瘤菌所获得的单作或间作系统产量与不接种但施N225kghm-2的相应系统产量相当,且施N225kghm-2处理接种仍能促进蚕豆的结瘤作用。统计分析表明,与不接种根瘤菌、蚕豆单作、不施氮相比,接种、蚕豆/玉米间作、施氮均极显著地提高了蚕豆生物学产量,但只有间作能显著增加其籽粒产量;施氮显著增加玉米生物量和籽粒产量。施N225kghm-2后,蚕豆接种、间作对玉米生物量无显著影响;但不施氮时蚕豆接种显著提高了与之间作的玉米籽粒和生物学产量,增幅分别为34.3%和25.6%。接种根瘤菌显著提高了不同氮处理以籽粒产量为基础计算的土地当量比和不施氮处理以生物学产量为基础计算的土地当量比。蚕豆接种根瘤菌与不接种相比,其单株根瘤数和根瘤干重均显著增加;间作与蚕豆单作相比对根瘤数的影响较小,但显著促进了蚕豆单株根瘤干重的增加。因此,本研究认为豆科作物接种合适的根瘤菌,是进一步提高豆科/禾本科作物间作系统间作优势的又一重要途径。     

有机无机肥配施和根瘤菌接种对拉巴豆生长、品质及养分吸收的影响

选取优良高产豆科牧草拉巴豆为供试材料,研究了接种根瘤菌和有机无机肥配施对拉巴豆结瘤、 生长、 饲料品质、 养分吸收及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,F0.5M0.5（50%有机肥+50%无机肥）和F0.75M0.25（25%有机肥+75%无机肥）处理的拉巴豆生长最好,F（纯施化肥）和F0.25M0.75（75%有机肥+25%无机肥）处理次之,M（纯施有机肥）处理较差,CK（不施肥）最差,F0.5M0.5和F0.75M0.25处理比F分别增产19.46%和16.49%。F和CK结瘤数最少,瘤重也最低,但根瘤数量和重量随有机肥施用的比例增加而提高。在施用有机肥的4个处理中,拉巴豆净光合速率相似,介于14.39~15.32 CO2 mol/(m2s)之间,显著高于F和CK处理。此外,施用有机肥显著改善拉巴豆饲用品质,尤以F0.5M0.5和F0.75M0.25处理最显著,并提高过氧化氢酶、 蔗糖酶、 脲酶活性。相关分析表明,拉巴豆根瘤重与地上部生物量、 氮、 磷、 钾吸收量呈显著正相关,相关系数依次为0.6758、 0.7269、 0.9759、 0.9488（n=36）,说明根瘤形成改善了拉巴豆的氮、 磷、 钾营养,促进了生长,提高了品质。在重庆市的拉巴豆栽培实践中,提倡接种根瘤菌和有机无机肥适量配施很有必要。     

丛枝菌根真菌与根瘤菌接种对大豆根瘤分布及磷素吸收的影响

在温室条件下,采用石英砂盆栽试验研究了大豆(冀豆6号)接种丛枝菌根真菌（Glomous mosseae）与根瘤菌 （Bradyrhizobium japonicum）对根瘤的形成、分布以及磷素吸收效率的影响。结果表明,大豆生长至开花期（接种后56 d）,与单接种根瘤菌处理相比,双接种AM真菌和根瘤菌显著增加大豆生物量、氮、磷含量、根系上的总根瘤数。单接种根瘤菌条件下,总根瘤数的48.4%分布在主根上,51.6%分布在侧根上;根瘤菌与AM真菌双接种时,总根瘤数的32.5%分布在主根上,67.5%分布在侧根上。双接种处理的侧根根瘤的固氮酶活性显著高于单接种处理的。双接种条件下大豆侧根中AMF侵染增强,尤其是结根瘤侧根上的AM真菌的侵染率高于未结瘤的侧根的菌根侵染率。接种后28 d单接种菌根真菌处理显著高于双接种处理的植株磷的吸收效率;而56 d 时趋势相反。以上结果表明,AM真菌侵染改变根瘤在大豆根系上的分布,根瘤数量、分布与结根瘤侧根上AM真菌的侵染强度存在正相关关系。     

芽孢杆菌与根瘤菌复合包衣对大豆结瘤固氮能力的影响

为了探究不同芽孢杆菌与根瘤菌复合包衣对大豆结瘤固氮的影响,通过盆栽试验,设置不接菌对照(CK)、根瘤菌单独包衣(R)、阿氏芽孢杆菌(RB)和胶质类芽孢杆菌(RP)2种促生菌分别与根瘤菌双包衣以及 3种菌混合包衣(RBP)共5个处理,测定大豆根瘤数量、干重、根瘤固氮酶活性及植株氮、磷、钾含量,筛选根瘤菌剂最佳组合。结果表明,接种菌剂的处理均能够促进大豆结瘤固氮,其中RB处理效果最好,能够获得最高的大豆植株干重、根瘤数量、根瘤干重、固氮酶活性、全氮含量,比CK分别提高51.80%、14.44%、53.33%、44.36%、25.61%,3种菌包衣并没有比双接种促生效果更好。相关性分析表明,根瘤干重与固氮酶活性、根瘤数量及植株干重都呈显著正相关关系,说明根瘤的质量可能比数量更能准确评价共生固氮效率。此结果为根瘤菌剂应用于机械化种植提供可能性,为进一步推广根瘤菌剂的规模化生产应用提供了科学依据。     

磷石膏改良强酸性黄壤的效应研究

采用盆栽试验,以耐铝能力弱的高粱和强酸性黄壤为研究对象,探讨了磷石膏对强酸性环境高粱生长、养分平衡以及对土壤有效养分和交换铝的影响。结果表明,在强酸性黄壤上,由于铝毒作用,即使施足氮磷钾肥,高粱也生长不良;施用磷石膏和石灰的高粱生长正常,各生物学性状均极显著优于对照,施磷石膏高粱长势更优于施石灰者,高粱干重与磷石膏、石灰的施用量呈二次曲线变化(回归方程分别为:y=6.88 11.92x-1.65x2,R=0.983;y=6.88 6.39x-0.72x2,R=0.996),高粱株高和根长与磷石膏、石灰的施用量也呈二次曲线变化;磷石膏降低酸性黄壤铝毒、提高植物钙含量的效果略逊于石灰,在提高植物营养三要素(特别是磷、钾元素)的作用方面优于石灰,施磷石膏高粱磷、钾含量较石灰处理分别提高117.0%~200.0%和13.0%~14.8%;施磷石膏生长良好的高粱植株氮/磷、氮/钾、钾/磷比分别为6.8~7.1,1.2~1.3和5.4~5.6,比值适中、变幅小,氮/铝、磷/铝、钾/铝、钙/铝比分别是对照植株的1.9~2.0倍,5.8~6.3倍,1.8~2.1倍和2.0~2.5倍,改善和调节了高粱体内氮、磷、钾、钙养分的平衡;施磷石膏的土壤有效氮、磷、钾、钙较对照极显著增加,土壤有效磷、钾分别比施石灰提高41.8%~114.2%和59.4%~67.5%,施石灰的土壤有效磷、钾与对照差异不显著。     

Co-inoculations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia under salinity in alfalfa

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions where salinity is one of the main limiting factors for its production. Thus, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus mosseae, alfalfa rhizobia Sinorhizobium meliloti (R) seed inoculation in the development of salinity tolerance of different alfalfa cultivars (Rehnani, Pioneer and Bami) under a variety of salinity levels. The results revealed that under non-stress condition, root mycorrhizal infection, nodulation (the number and weight of nodules per plant), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) contents of the root and shoot, the value of the K/Na ratio, protein [calculated from the nitrogen (N) content] and proline contents of the shoot and the alfalfa yield were found to be the highest while Na contents of the root and shoot were seen to be the lowest when seeds were double inoculated followed by mycorrhizae, rhizobium and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, under salinity condition, the greatest amounts of mycorrhizal infection, nodulation, root and shoot P contents, the value of K/Na ratio, the shoot proline content and the root Ca content were enhanced with the least amount of leaf Na content related to the cases of seeds which were double inoculated, followed by mycorrhizae, rhizobium and control treatments respectively. The results suggested that inoculation of alfalfa seed with AMF or R, especially double inoculation, causes a considerable increase in alfalfa yield under both saline and non-saline conditions by increasing colonization, nodulation and nutrient uptake.     

接种根瘤菌对鸡骨草幼苗生长、结瘤和固氮能力的影响

用来自不同产地的鸡骨草根瘤菌接种盆栽幼苗,室内培养70 d后,测定植株生长和结瘤情况及植株含氮量。结果表明,接种根瘤菌对鸡骨草的株高、植株生物量、氮素相对积累量和固氮效率有明显的促进作用;不同来源的根瘤菌对鸡骨草生长和固氮的影响不同,来自玉林的根瘤菌菌株有较高的固氮效率。接种根瘤菌能促进鸡骨草生长,增加氮素累积,从而可以减少氮肥的使用,有利于充分发挥生物固氮的作用来提高原料药材的质量。     

Inoculant rhizobia suppressed root-knot disease,and enhanced plant productivity and nutrient uptake of some field-grown food legumes

The potential effect of rhizobial inoculation on root knot nematodes in chickpea, mungbean and pigeonpea were studied under field condition. The seed treatment with respective rhizobium strains increased the nodulation, leghemoglobin content, bacteriod population, plant growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of three three food legumes compared to the plants without the rhizobium treatment. The nematode (1500?juveniles/kg soil) incited oval galls on the roots of the three legumes, and suppressed plant growth and yield. The galling, egg mass production and soil population of the nematode was greater on the plants without the rhizobium treatment. The pure culture and culture filtrate of the rhizobium strains suppressed the egg hatching and induced mortality to the juveniles of M. incognita over control. The nematode infection reduced the nodulation, bacteroid population and leghemoglobin contents of the nodules and NPK uptake by the plants. Hence, the rhizobia treatment shall be integrated to common agronomic practice of food legume cultivation so as to enhance crop productivity and to protect roots from nematode attack.     

苜蓿内生根瘤菌分布部位与数量变化动态

为探明根瘤菌在苜蓿植株及其种子内的分布规律,对苜蓿植株及种子各部位在不同生育期内生根瘤菌的分布和数量变化进行了研究.结果表明:苜蓿植株内根瘤菌的分布和数量在空间和时间上都具有很大异质性.空间分布上,不同部位组织的内生根瘤菌数量随植株光合产物源-库的运输方向呈逐渐增大的趋势,绝大部分内生根瘤菌分布于植株的根系,并主要分布于毛根,在主根内主要存在于表皮和皮层,中柱分布较少;在植株地上部分,内生根瘤菌主要在营养期末分布于花芽[8.6～9.6×103cfu·g-1(FW)],在蕾期和花期分布于雌蕊子房的子房壁,在结英期分布干荚果果皮(1.07×103cfu·pod-1),在种子成熟期则主要存在于新生的种子中;茎内的根瘤菌数量在营养期和结荚期不足2×102 cfu·g-1(FW),而在蕾期和花期完全绝迹;叶片内则始终不存在根瘤菌.在时间上,结荚期根、荚果皮内的根瘤菌数量明显高于其他时期;花内各器官(不包括花梗)在授粉后根瘤菌数量迅速增加;由子房向荚果发育的过程中,子房壁和胚珠内的根瘤菌数量随时间呈对数增长;胚珠在受精后即存在有内生根瘤菌.并且幼嫩种子内生根瘤菌数量远高于受精胚珠,证明内生根瘤菌能被转运并定殖在发育早期的种子中.两个苜蓿品种成熟种子在收获120 d后,根瘤菌数量比刚收获时分别增加131.46倍("陇东")和11.76倍("游客"),说明根瘤菌进入种子后,仍然有一个继续繁殖增长的过程.     

钙磷对酸铝土壤中苜蓿根瘤菌迁移定殖和群体感应的影响

采用分室(内、外室)培养法,以紫花苜蓿及其耐酸根瘤菌91522为材料,在酸性土壤(pH4.45)中额外补充Al3+至中度铝毒水平,从培养装置根箱外接种,探讨了补充Ca2+、P后,耐酸苜蓿根瘤菌在酸性土壤上的存活、迁移以及群体感应的变化动态。结果表明,补充5 mmol kg-1Ca2+处理的土壤根瘤菌的数量在97 d种植期内均显著高于对照(Ca0P0,即无Ca2+无P处理),Ca2+5 mmol kg-1+P 0μmol kg-1处理近根区(距苜蓿植株根1～2 cm)土壤最大根瘤菌数量为同期对照的6.15倍;在此基础上补充P后根瘤菌的数量进一步增加,"Ca2+5 mmol kg-1+P 4μmol kg-1"处理近根区最大根瘤菌数量为同期对照处理的9.40倍。因此推断Ca2+和P的上述作用存在交互效应。施加Ca2+、P能够显著提高土壤中根瘤菌群体感应物质N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯衍生物(N-acyl-homoserine actones,AHLs)的含量,且Ca2+5 mmol kg-1效果好于Ca2+10mmol kg-1处理。根瘤菌数量在远根区(距苜蓿植株根6～8 cm)与近根区变化规律一致,即接种1周后根瘤菌数量由远根区向近根区逐渐增加,接种后30 d内达到最高值,之后数量下降并趋于稳定。但近根区根瘤菌数量和AHLs含量均高于远根区,说明宿主根际微环境也能够影响根瘤菌数量和群体感应。初步认为,酸性有铝土壤上补充Ca2+5 mmol kg-1和P 30μmol kg-1对耐酸根瘤菌的存活、迁移和群体感应有良好的改善效果。该处理最终显著地增强了对酸性土壤极为敏感的苜蓿植株的耐酸铝胁迫能力,较对照显著(p0.05)改善了酸铝胁迫下苜蓿的植株根鲜重(为对照的4.67倍)、地上部鲜重(3.10倍)、含氮量(2.47倍)和根瘤数(14.74倍)等农艺性状。     

Nodulation response to molybdenum supplementation in alfalfa and its correlation with root and shoot growth in low pH soil

Molybdenum (Mo) is a critical micronutrient for nitrogen (N) fixation in legumes. Low pH limits the availability of Mo, thereby reducing nodulation and N fixation. This study investigates the effect of Mo supplementation on alfalfa nodulation and its correlation with root and shoot biomass in low-pH soil. Three experiments were conducted in the greenhouse, involving 14 genotypes of alfalfa subjected to four different treatments, unlimed low-pH soil (5.2) with Mo applied (lithium (Li)^?Mo⁺), low-pH soil (5.2) without Mo (Li^?Mo^?), limed soil (pH 7.3) with Mo applied (Li⁺Mo⁺), and limed soil (pH 7.3) without Mo (Li⁺Mo^?). Foliar application of Mo resulted in a significant increase in nodule counts in the 14 alfalfa cultivars grown in low-pH soil (5.2) even though to a lesser extent than in limed soil with neutral pH (7.3). The increase in number of nodules correlated positively with plant root weight and upper plant biomass.     

Influence of Pseudomonas syringae R25 and P. putida R105 on the growth and N2 fixation (acetylene reduction activity) of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The effects of inoculating field peas (Pisum sativum L.) with Rhizobium leguminosarum and field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with R. phaseoli, alone or in combination with Pseudomonas syringae R25 and/or P. putida R105, were assessed under gnotobiotic conditions in growth pouches and in potted soil in a growth chamber. Inoculation of peas with P. syringae R25 or P. putida R105 alone had no effect on plant growth in pouches. In soil, however, the isolate R25 inhibited nitrogenase activity (as assessed by acetylene reduction assay) of nodules formed by indigenous rhizobia; strain R105 stimulated pea seedling emergence and nodulation. P. syringae R25 inhibited the growth of beans in either plant-growth system. P. putida R105, however, had no effects on beans in pouches, but reduced plant root biomass and nodulation by indigenous rhizobia in soil. Coinoculation of pea seeds with R. leguminosarum and either of the pseudomonads significantly (P<0.01) increased shoot, root, and total plant weight in growth pouches, but had no effect in soil. Co-inoculation of field beans with R. phaseoli and P. putida R105 had no effects on plant biomass in growth pouches or in soil, but the number of nodules and the acetylene reduction activity was significantly (P<0.01) increased in the soil. In contrast, co-inoculation of beans with rhizobia and P. syringae R25 had severe, deleterious effects on seedling mergence, plant biomass, and nodulation in soil and growth pouches. Isolate R25 was responsible for the deleterious effects observed. Although plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria may interact synergistically with root-nodulating rhizobia, the PGPR selected for one crop should be assessed for potential hazardous effects on other crops before being used as inoculants.     

Migration,colonization and seedling growth of rhizobia with matrine treatment in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of matrine on the migration and the colonization dynamics of the two fluorescent-tagged rhizobia in Gannong No.5 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Gannong No. 5) tissues, and also to determine the effect of the combination treatments on alfalfa seedlings’ growth.

Materials and methods: 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L^?1 matrine levels were added into two cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-tagged rhizobia; Ensifer meliloti LZgn5f (gn5f) and Ensifer meliloti 12531f (12531f), respectively; and drenched the alfalfa root with the inoculants. Then the migration and colonization of the two rhizobia in alfalfa on D7, D14, D21 and D28, and subsequently seedling growth were investigated.

Results: The results showed that the optimum matrine level enhanced the colonization of both fluorescent-tagged rhizobia in alfalfa roots and the highest colonization densities of log 6.31 cfu g^?1 and log 5.87 cfu g^?1 were achieved by adding 300 mg L^?1 matrine into 12531f and adding 100 mg L^?1 matrine into gn5f, respectively. They could migrate to the aerial tissues and most colonize stems through the application of adding 300 mg L^?1 matrine into 12531f and 100 mg L^?1 matrine into gn5f, respectively. No fluorescent-tagged rhizobia were detected in the control treatment. Alfalfa seedling growth parameters like leaf chlorophyll content, seedling growth rate, root length, seedling biomass and total N percentage also increased the most when 300 mg L^?1 matrine was added into 12531f and 100 mg L^?1 matrine added into gn5f treatments.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that 300 mg L^?1 matrine added into 12531f and 100 mg L^?1 matrine added into gn5f might be exploited to promote the colonization of rhizobia in alfalfa tissue and positively impact growth and yield, indicating possible benefits for plant cultivation.     

酸性土壤中接种耐酸根瘤菌对豆科植物根际微生态的影响

【目的】接种耐酸豆科根瘤菌可以提高豆科植物耐酸能力。应用PLFA等方法研究接种耐酸根瘤菌对根际土壤微生态的综合影响,从土壤角度阐明接种耐酸根瘤菌缓解土壤酸度对豆科植物胁迫的机制。【方法】盆栽条件下分别向种植于pH 4.8酸性土壤中的葛藤和苜蓿植株相应接种耐酸葛藤根瘤菌068、389、390与耐酸苜蓿根瘤菌91512、91522、91532,于接种后30 d、60 d、90 d、120 d、150 d取样,分析耐酸根瘤菌对土壤养分、可培养微生物、微生物群落结构多样性的影响。【结果】1) 接种耐酸葛藤和苜蓿根瘤菌处理后,根际土壤pH由4.8显著提高至6.0左右,有效磷、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮及有机质含量的增加效果显著 (P < 0.05),至120 d 达到最高。120 d样品的有效磷、铵态氮、硝态氮及有机质含量分别为23.16～48.68 mg/kg、61.21～81.96 mg/kg、65.05～86.38 mg/kg和11.85～12.87 g/kg,分别比未接种对照提高24.8%～162.4%、16.6%～56.2%、145.4%～225.8%、1.4%～10.1%;2) 接种苜蓿和葛藤耐酸根瘤菌后土壤中可培养微生物数量显著提高 (P < 0.05),土壤中可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌数量在120 d达到峰值,比同期未接种对照分别提高了61.5%～348.4%、3.4%～441.7%和18.9%～255.2%,分别达到48.00 × 102～133.3 × 107、20.11 × 104～155.9 × 104和3.21 × 104～9.59 × 104 cfu/g鲜土;3) PLFA分析表明,虽然接种耐酸葛藤、苜蓿根瘤菌处理的根际土壤的特征脂肪酸种类数与未接种处理相比并无明显差异,但接种葛藤或苜蓿根瘤菌均明显降低了根际土壤中异构PLFA/反异构PLFA值,显示土壤根际微生态的稳定性得到提高。【结论】在种植豆科植物的酸性土壤中接种相应耐酸根瘤菌能显著提高根际土壤pH,提高根际土壤有机质含量和速效氮磷养分含量,缓解土壤酸性对根际微生物的胁迫。