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1.
海涂围垦区土壤质量综合评价的指标体系研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
以苏北海涂围垦区为研究区域,选取与作物生长密切相关的理化性质为指标,采用模糊数学方法对土壤质量状况进行了定量评价,获取了区域土壤质量状况分布图,并对不同指标体系下的评价结果进行了比较分析.结果表明:研究区土壤质量状况总体较差,有机质是重要的土壤质量评价因子,土壤盐分与地下水矿化度是土壤质量的主要限制因子;不同评价方案获得的土壤质量状况具有空间相似性,西部棉花种植区土壤质量状况总体优于东部的水稻种植区;体积质量对土壤质量评价差异影响较小,速效养分对土壤质量评价影响较大,基于速效养分的土壤质量评价精度高于全量养分;在其他因素获取困难的情况下,采用土壤有机质、速效养分和盐分或仅采用土壤有机质和盐分作为评价指标亦能较好地反映土壤质量状况.该研究可为海涂围垦区土壤质量快速评价指标体系的构建、中低产地的科学改良和管理提供一定理论依据.  相似文献   

2.
为了解太原市小店污灌区的土壤肥力质量,应用土壤重金属综合污染指数法将污灌区采样点分为3个区域,并按分区分别采用主成分分析法选取前两个主成分的6项理化性质作为评价指标,确定其相应权重系数,应用土壤肥力综合评价指标法定量评价分区土壤肥力质量。结果显示:污灌区土壤污染以安全等级为主,土壤肥力质量状况总体较好;北部地区土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量偏低,阳离子交换量尤其低;西南部地区除阳离子交换量偏低之外各项指标都属上等水平,土壤肥力质量良好;中部地区阳离子交换量和有效磷含量偏低。对3个区域而言,有机质均为重要的土壤肥力质量评价因子,土壤阳离子交换量与有效磷是土壤肥力质量的主要限制因子。3个区域均属一级土壤肥力水平,但不同区域的土壤肥力质量存在差异,污灌区西南部土壤肥力质量总体优于中部及北部地区,其中北部地区土壤肥力综合评价指标值最低。该结果可为污灌区土壤的精准施肥及科学管理提供参考依据。  相似文献   

3.
苏北海涂围垦区耕层土壤养分分级及其模糊综合评价   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
针对制约滩涂土壤资源开发利用的障碍因素,以苏北滨海滩涂围垦区为研究区域,应用模糊综合评价方法对耕层土壤养分进行了分级与定量评价,获取了区域土壤肥力状况分布.结果表明,研究区域土壤磷素和钾素相对富余,有机质和氮素含量偏低,氮素亏缺较为严重,尤其是碱解氮.模糊综合评价表明研究区土壤养分分布在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,主要集中在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,并没有Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级土壤;尽管总体上处于Ⅱ级水平,但可认为其养分仍处于极贫乏状态.研究区不同部位土壤养分分级存在明显差异性,养分分级较低的部位作物生长状况较差,土壤盐渍化程度较高.研究结果为海涂围垦区中、低产地土壤培肥和农田精确施肥提供一定的参考依据.  相似文献   

4.
以长江河口区为研究区域,选取与作物生长密切相关的理化性质作为土壤质量指标,根据作物效应和河口地区的实际情况,采用了抛物线型隶属度函数、生长指数型曲线隶属度函数(S型)和戒下型隶属度函数(Z型)三种方法确定各指标隶属度值,分别采用主成分分析法和灰色关联度法确定权重系数,应用综合指数法对土壤质量进行综合评价。结果表明研究区表土层浅薄,大部分地方土壤或地下水还含有较高盐分,土壤pH值普遍较高,土壤养分含量低且不均,比例失调。主成分分析法和灰色关联度法两种评价方法相关性很好,评价结果具有相当一致性。土壤质量综合评价分级图表明,这一地区土壤质量状况总体偏低,大多处于中下水平,且研究区不同部位土壤质量状况差异非常明显。该结果为河口地区土壤质量改良及科学管理提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
宁南山区不同土地利用方式土壤质量评价   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
运用层次分析法对研究区域的土壤进行了较为全面、较为科学的评价依据隶属函数确定了各评价指标的隶属度,实现了原始数据的归一化处理;同时也利用主成分分析法确立了各评价因子的权重分配问题.通过对研究区域土壤质量的评价,充分表明了土地利用方式不同对于土壤的改良效果存在明显差别灌木林地>天然草地>农地>人工草地>果园.  相似文献   

6.
宁南山区不同土地利用方式土壤质量评价方法研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
目前关于土壤质量评价的方法很多,综合了多变量指标克立格法、土壤质量综合评分法和土壤相对质量评价法各种方法的优点,也融入了本地区的土壤特性研究,制定了有区域特色的层次分析法;确立了隶属函数及其中的参数,因而实现了原始数据的归一化处理;同时也解决了利用主成分分析法如何决定各评价因子的权重分配问题。  相似文献   

7.
侵蚀红壤肥力退化评价指标体系研究   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13  
对 6个不同土地利用方式条件下不同侵蚀程度的红壤退化试验小区土壤的物理、化学和生物学性质进行了测定 ,应用主成分分析法对 6个试验小区的红壤肥力退化进行排序和评价。通过对 16项土壤参评因子和 4项参评因子评价结果的比较 ,得出土壤有机质、水稳性团聚体、过氧化氢酶、微生物碳量 4项肥力因子已基本上反映了土壤肥力退化的综合状况 ,并建立了红壤肥力退化程度的评价指标方程 ,从而大大地简化了评价工作  相似文献   

8.
如何客观地评价桑园土壤肥力和诊断其限制因子是桑园合理施肥的依据。本研究以海安县为研究区域,以田块尺度为评价单元,采集25个代表性桑园的表层(0~20 cm)和亚表层(20~40 cm)土样,并分析14个土壤肥力指标,运用养分丰缺诊断和主成分分析相结合的方法,对该区域桑园土壤肥力进行了评价。养分丰缺诊断结果表明:调查点桑园土壤肥力整体较高,表层土壤肥力高于亚表层,但不同桑园之间肥力变异很大,部分桑园有机质、氮、钾较为缺乏,个别桑园磷、镁、锰、锌、钙出现缺乏。采用主成分分析的方法,将14个土壤肥力指标提取为4个主成分,可反映桑园土壤全部信息的84.88%。第1主成分为养分综合因子,贡献率为44.41%;第2主成分为pH因子,贡献率为24.03%;第3主成分和第4主成分主要反映了锌的正负效应,贡献率分别为8.92%和7.52%。将25个桑园聚为4类,每一类代表不同的土壤肥力状况。基于养分丰缺诊断和主成分分析相结合的方法,可较为全面评价桑园土壤肥力状况。  相似文献   

9.
基于GIS宁夏引黄灌区农地土壤综合养分状况评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
精准农业是未来农业的发展方向,查清田块内部的土壤性状与生产力空间变异,是精准农业的基础研究内容.以宁夏引黄灌区灵武农场的农地为例,运用ArcGIS进行空间数据采集、处理、分析,并采用主成分分析法确定评价因素的权重值,运用模糊数学方法建立各个评价因子对土壤养分状况的隶属函数,最后计算了综合养分状况的评分并利用指数和法得到最终的土壤养分状况评价值,根据综合评价值划分土壤养分状况等级,利用ArcGIS软件进行克里格插值得到最终土壤综合养分状况评价图.从具体评价结果可以看出,土壤综合养分状况由西北向东南降低的趋势明显.西角北角为两个极端高值区域,东角南角为两个极端低值区域.  相似文献   

10.
在地下水水质评价分析中,经常会采用主成分分析法及模糊综合评价法进行综合分析。由于主成分分析法可在保留原始监测分析数据资料的前提下,科学降低监测数据维度,从而将对地下水水质产生影响的多因子转化为综合因子。但这种水质评价方法无法直接评价水质情况;而采用模糊综合评价法,能够直接对水质情况进行评价定性。但在评价分析中,人为选取的相关参数因子存在一定的缺陷。故以此为背景,将我国某省矿区地下水水质分析作为研究案例。通过利用主成分分析法对地下水水质产生影响的相关因子进行选取,然后将其作为综合模糊评价法评价水质的综合因子,以此科学建立基于模糊—主成分分析的耦合综合评价模型,科学对该地区地下水水质相关情况进行综合评估。试验结果表明,此种评价方法能够准确、客观反映该地区地下水水质相关情况。  相似文献   

11.
Soil nitrogen (N) mineralization rates from different agricultural regions in California were determined and related to soil properties. Undisturbed soil cores were sampled in spring from 57 fields under annual crop rotations and incubated at 25℃ for 10 weeks. Soil properties varied across and within regions, most notably those related to soil organic matter (SOM), with total soil carbon ranging from 6 to 198 g kg?1. Multivariate linear regression was used to select soil properties that best predicted N mineralization rates. Regression models with a good fit differed between soils with high and low SOM contents, but generally included a measure of SOM quantity, its quality as well as soil texture or mineralogy. Adjusted R2 values were 0.95 and 0.60 for high and low SOM soils, respectively. This study has shown that information on soil properties can contribute to better estimates of N mineralization in soils of contrasting characteristics.  相似文献   

12.

Purpose

The impacts of different land use practices on soil quality were assessed by measuring soil attributes and using factor analysis in coastal tidal lands. The study provided relevant references for coastal exploitation, land management and related researches in other countries and regions.

Materials and methods

Measured soil attributes include physical indicators [bulk density (ρ b), total porosity (? t) and water-holding capacity (WHC)], chemical indicators [pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), available N, available P and available K] and biological indicators (urease activity, catalase activity and phosphatase activity), and 60 soil samples were collected within five land use types [(1) intertidal soils, (2) reclaimed tidal flat soils, (3) farmland soils, (4) suburban vegetable soils, (5) industrial area soils) in Jianggang village of Dongtai county, Jiangsu province of China.

Results and discussion

The results from the investigation indicated that selected soil properties reduced to three factors for 0–20-cm soil depth; “Soil fertility status” (factor 1), “Soil physical status” (factor 2) and “Soil salinity status” (factor 3). For the first factor, the measured soil attributes with higher loadings were TN and SOM, which represented soil fertility feature, and for the second and third factors, the measured soil attributes with higher loadings were ρ b and available K as well as EC, which reflected soil physical properties and soil salinity feature, respectively.

Conclusions

Changes in different land use types due to plants (corn, wheat and green vegetable) and application of fertilizers were characterized by promoted soil quality, including improvements in chemical properties (increasing SOM concentration, TN and nutrient available to plants; decreasing EC), improvements in soil physical properties (decreasing ρ b; increasing ? t and WHC) and enhancements in soil enzyme activities. Judging from the soil quality indices, the soil quality was affected by different land use practices and decreased in sequence of suburban vegetable soils, farmland soils, industrial area soils, reclaimed tidal flat soils and intertidal soils in the study area.  相似文献   

13.
中国农耕区土壤有机质含量及其与酸碱度和容重关系   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对我国农耕区土壤有机质区域变化及其与酸碱度和容重关系进行系统分析,为耕地地力提升和改善土壤结构提供支撑。基于国家级耕地长期定位监测点913个,统计分析全国及7大区域(东北NE、华北NC、西北NW、长江中游MYR、长三角YRD、华南SC、西南SW)耕层土壤有机质含量、酸碱度及容重变化特征。结果表明,全国农耕区耕层土壤有机质含量平均值为22.4~24.8 g/kg。其中有机质含量中等偏低的监测点位占比达72.5%。不同区域耕层土壤有机质含量差异显著(p<0.05),MYR耕层土壤有机质含量显著高于其他6个区域。全国农耕区耕层土壤pH和容重平均分别为(6.90±1.20),(1.30±0.15) g/cm3。不同土壤利用方式对土壤有机质、酸碱度及容重产生影响。水田耕层土壤有机质含量显著高于旱地,旱地耕层土壤pH和容重则显著高于水田。亚当斯方程和指数函数分别推荐拟合土壤容重对有机质含量响应关系(R2=0.09,RMSE=0.17,n=759),以及土壤pH对土壤有机质含量响应(R2=0.16,RMSE=1.24,n=886)。全国农耕区耕层土壤有机质含量总体中等偏低,呈现出东南向西北依次降低趋势。土壤pH及容重与土壤有机质呈现显著的负相关关系。亚当斯模型及指数方程能较好地拟合土壤容重及pH对有机质的响应关系,可用于非线性插值法补充土壤容重及pH缺失值。  相似文献   

14.
低山丘陵区不同坡位茶园土壤肥力特征研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
南方低山丘陵区是我国茶园的集中分布区域, 研究其土壤肥力状况是改善茶园土壤养分状况、实现茶叶安全高效生产和可持续发展的基础.选择川西茶区典型低山丘陵茶园, 通过野外调查与样带采样研究土壤养分性质, 利用主成分分析等多元统计方法定量化比较了不同坡位及对照间土壤肥力质量.结果表明: (1)茶园土壤中砂粒含量最高, 平均占总量的39.13%, 其次是黏粒, 粉粒含量居第3位;土壤pH低于4.5, 有机质和全氮含量较低, 速效氮含量较高, 速效磷缺乏, 速效钾变化不显著.与林地、撂荒地相比, 茶园土壤各粒级含量变化规律不明显.有机质和全氮除在下坡位略高于撂荒地外, 其他坡位均小于撂荒地和林地;速效养分变化规律不显著.(2)茶园土壤肥力沿坡面变化明显, 以上坡位为基准, 土壤肥力指数PI值为零, 中坡位PI值(-13.64%)低于上坡位PI值(0)和下坡位PI值(14.39%).(3)与撂荒地、林地相比, 茶园的土壤肥力综合指数QI值最低.茶园、撂荒地、林地的QI值分别为0.56、1.11和2.73.  相似文献   

15.
16.
新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤盐分特征研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
以新疆玛纳斯河流域为研究区,结合面域土壤性状调研,利用相关分析和主成分分析方法对区域土壤盐分特征进行研究.结果表明,研究区域土壤盐渍化类型以硫酸盐为主,剖面土壤盐分含量呈现底聚分布特征;土壤盐分含量与SO42-、Ca2+离子含量呈极显著正相关;各层土壤盐分阴离子以SO42-为主,阳离子以Ca2+为主;SO42-、Ca2+、Mg2+及土壤盐分含量(St)是表征玛纳斯河流域土壤盐渍化的主要特征因子.本研究将为新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤资源可持续利用提供重要的理论依据.  相似文献   

17.
Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in a rice field located at the Surin Rice Research Center, Thailand, were evaluated as indicators for predicting organic rice (Kao Dok Mali 105 variety) production and yield. Four treatments under different management practices were studied. They included (1) conventional farming (CF) receiving chemical fertilizer application; (2) organic plot receiving green manure (GM) addition; (3) organic plot receiving rice straw (RS) addition; and (4) control plot (CT) without any external plant nutrient source. Soil quality in the four treatments was assessed based upon selected physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Key findings are as follows: cation exchange capacity (CEC), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and essential macronutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)] were low in all plots. Soil biological properties including potential N mineralization (PMN), soil basal respiration (BR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN) in all treatments were also low. Principal component analysis (PCA), using 15 soil properties, showed significant differences among farm management practices. Soil chemical and biological properties best related to soil quality included P, N, and SOM (for chemical properties) and MBC, MBN, and BR (for biological properties). Based on significant relationships between yield (r > 0.75) and the soil properties (r > 0.55), selected soil biological (MBC, MBN, and BR) and chemical (TOP [total organic phosphorus], TK [total potassium], TN [total nitrogen], SOC [soil organic carbon], and SOM) properties were determined to be suitable soil-quality indicators, respectively. A soil-quality indicator for predicting rice yield was computed using multiple regression analyses. The regression model (Y = ?1.685 + 0.333 (MBN) + 0.640 (TK) ? 0.282 (SOC), r2 adjusted = 0.962) was used for predicting yield. Grain yield of rice (RMSE = 0.046 t ha?1, D index = 0.45) was obtained using this regression model.  相似文献   

18.
Successful soil organic matter (SOM) quality assessment is needed to improve our ability to manage forest soils sustainably. Our objective was to use a multivariate data set to determine whether the land use conversion from native forest (NF) to hoop pine plantation and the following rotation and site preparation practices had altered SOM quality at three adjacent sites of NF, first (1R) and second rotation (2R, including tree planting row (2R-T) and windrow of harvest residues (2R-W)) of hoop pine plantations in southeast Queensland, Australia. Cross-polarization magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C NMR) spectroscopy and sequential hot water and acid hydrolysis were conducted on SOM fractions separated by wet-sieving and density fractionation procedures to characterize SOM quantitative and qualitative relevant parameters, including carbon (C) functional groups, C and nitrogen (N) contents, C/N ratios, and C and N recalcitrant indices. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA) of these multivariate parameters together indicated a complicated interaction between physical protection and biochemical recalcitrance, making the land use and management induced changes of SOM quality more complex. Knowledge of PCA based on the refined set of 41 SOM quantitative and qualitative parameters identified that principal component 1 (PC1), which explained 55.7% of the total variance, was most responsible for the management induced changes in soil processes. This was reflected by the dynamics of SOM regarding the aspects of total stock, soil basal and substrate induced respirations, gross and net N mineralization and nitrification, and microbial biomass, microbial diversity of C utilization patterns. Further, the macroaggregates (F250-2000 μm) and the C/N ratio of acid extracts of SOM physical fractions, which represented the most informative and unique variables loading on PC1, might be the most promising physical and chemical measures for SOM quality assessment of land use and management impacts in subtropical Australian forests.  相似文献   

19.
滨海盐渍化土壤理化性质与小麦生产间的关系   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为促进滨海区域粮食生产,以盐渍化麦田为研究对象,在测定土壤(0~20 cm)基本性质及小麦产量、生物量基础上,分析土壤肥力特征与小麦生产能力间的关系。结果表明,土壤含盐量与小麦产量、地上部生物量(生物量)呈极显著负相关(p0.01),其关系符合三次函数方程。若以4 500 kg hm-2作为最低目标产量,土壤含盐量应在3.1 g kg-1以下。土壤有机质含量与土壤含盐量呈显著负相关(p0.05),与小麦产量、生物量呈极显著正相关(p0.01)。土壤有机质含量增加能够降低盐渍化程度,促进小麦生产。将直接相连的下层(10~20 cm)与上(表)层(0~10 cm)土壤含盐量比值作为抑盐效率(E),来评价有机质的抑盐作用,表层土壤有机质含量与E符合二次函数方程,有机质含量超过19.1 g kg-1时,抑盐效果显著,可以作为土壤肥力培育目标值。此外,提高土壤速效钾含量对小麦生产也具有显著促进作用。研究结果对研究区域及相似地区进行土壤肥力培育和粮食生产具有重要意义。  相似文献   

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