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1.
ALA对冬小麦叶片气体交换和水分利用效率的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以冬小麦“百农矮抗58”为材料,研究了在始穗期喷施不同浓度(10 、30、50 mg/L)的5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-aminolevulinic acid, ALA)对冬小麦叶片气体交换和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,10~50 mg/L ALA处理的叶片气孔导度高于不喷施的对照,但在开花期和乳熟期对气孔导度的促进作用大于腊熟期; 叶片净光合速率也明显高于对照。在开花期和乳熟期,ALA提高叶片的净光合速率主要是由于减少了光合的气孔限制; 而在腊熟期则主要是由于减少了光合的非气孔限制。在开花期和乳熟期,10~50 mg/L ALA处理的叶片水分利用效率与对照没有显著性差异,但在腊熟期,叶片水分利用效率较对照有显著性提高。与对照相比,10~50 mg/L ALA处理冬小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和产量显著增加,其中以30 mg/L ALA处理增产效果最大。  相似文献   

2.
本实验以盆栽的方法于1979和1980年的早季进行。研究了杂交水稻生育后期不同供水条件对植株的水分吸收、~(32)P 的吸收和分布以及籽粒灌浆充实的效应。结果表明,供水不足,稻株伤流量减少,伤流液中~(32)P 含量下降更多,从而导致稻株~(32)P含量低,~(32)P在穗分布的百分率亦低。同时,植株干重,结实率和粒重随土壤含水量减少而明显下降。但杂交水稻汕优2号与常规稻桂朝2号相比,前者对缺水更为敏感。初步认为,杂交水稻生育后期不宜断水过早,须进行合理的水浆管理,以利稻株对磷素的吸收、转运和籽粒灌浆充实。  相似文献   

3.
为了探知红豆杉的高产栽培技术,以生长一致的盆栽红豆杉幼苗为材料,探究了喷施不同浓度(0、10、20、40、60 mg/L)的5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对红豆杉幼苗光合特性和生长状况的影响。利用Li-6400XT便捷式光合测定系统测定各浓度喷施下红豆杉幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr),并用Michaelis-Menten方程对光响应曲线进行模拟,同时对各生长指标进行测量。结果表明:与对照相比,喷施10、20、40、60 mg/L的ALA能够提升红豆杉幼苗的净光合速率,气孔导度,蒸腾速率,从而改善其生长状况,其中在试验浓度范围内,喷施20 mg/L ALA的提升效果最为显著。与对照相比,喷施10、20、40、60 mg/L的ALA还能够改变红豆杉幼苗的光响应曲线拟合参数,能够提升红豆杉幼苗的最大净光合速率、光饱和点和表观量子效率,同时降低其光补偿点和暗呼吸速率。其中在试验浓度范围内,喷施20 mg/L的ALA的影响最为显著。因此,在试验浓度范围内,20 mg/L的ALA为促进红豆杉幼苗生长的适宜浓度。  相似文献   

4.
磷硅肥配施对盐渍土壤水稻生长及养分吸收的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对滨海盐渍化稻田土壤根系易受盐碱胁迫、磷素养分含量及有效性低的问题,采用田间微区试验研究磷肥与硅肥配施对滨海盐渍化稻田土壤水稻根系生长、土壤磷素含量、水稻磷营养、产量及经济效益的作用。试验采用双因素设计,磷肥设2个水平:P1,P_2O_5 64 kg/hm~2;P2,P_2O_5 128 kg/hm~2;硅肥分土施和喷施,土施设3个水平:Si1,SiO_2 0 kg/hm~2;Si2,SiO_2 60 kg/hm~2;Si3,SiO_2 120 kg/hm~2;Si4为叶面喷施SiO_215 kg/hm~2。结果表明,喷施硅肥与低量磷肥配施的P1Si4处理在各生育时期的水稻总根长、总表面积和总根体积均为最高,与P2Si4处理无显著性差异。同时,磷肥配施硅肥可有效提高滨海盐渍化水稻土壤磷素有效性,其中P2Si4处理速效磷含量显著高于P1Si3、P2Si1,分别高出35.16%,27.47%;高磷处理的土壤全磷含量高于低磷处理。且施用硅肥的P1Si3、P1Si4处理的水稻产量显著高于不施硅肥和少量施硅的P1Si1、P1Si2处理,其中P2Si3水稻产量达9 547.5 kg/hm~2;各处理的有效穗数无显著性差异,每穗实粒数P2Si3处理最高,达162.47个/穗。P2Si3处理水稻籽粒中磷积累量最高,且显著高于其他处理,比P1Si3、P2Si1处理分别高出8.46%,9.68%。在低磷或高磷施用条件下,叶面喷施硅肥(P1Si4、P2Si4)处理收入分别达到14 953.6,14 323.2元/hm~2。综上所述,与不施硅肥的处理相比,磷肥配施硅肥可显著促进滨海盐渍化土壤水稻根系生长,提高磷素有效性、水稻产量及经济效益,其中以P1Si4处理(叶面喷硅,P_2O_5 64 kg/hm~2)处理最佳。  相似文献   

5.
针对宁夏引黄灌区水稻磷肥施用不合理的问题,确定宁夏引黄灌区水稻生产适宜施磷量,以"节3号"水稻为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计研究了不同施P_2O_5量(0,75,150,225 kg/hm~2)对水稻产量、土壤矿质氮累积量以及水稻氮、磷吸收与利用效率的影响。结果表明:与不施磷肥相比,施磷肥显著(p0.05)提高了水稻穗数、每穗粒数和结实率,进而提高了水稻籽粒产量;以施磷150 kg/hm~2处理下水稻籽粒产量最高,最高值为7 593.11 kg/hm~2(增产率为36.12%)。施磷肥显著降低了水稻0—100 cm土层土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的累积,施磷150 kg/hm~2显著提高了各生育期水稻氮素和磷素的吸收量。随着施磷量增加,水稻磷素生产效率和磷素吸收效率显著降低,氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数和磷素收获指数的最大值出现在施磷150 kg/hm~2处理,而水稻氮素生产效率受施磷量影响不显著。施磷肥显著提高了宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮、磷吸收量和利用效率,施磷量150 kg/hm~2为本地区适宜施肥量。  相似文献   

6.
探究秸秆还田后秸秆磷素替代化学磷肥的适宜比例,为秸秆还田后磷肥的科学施用提供理论依据。采用田间试验方法,研究了秸秆粉碎旋耕还田条件下配方施肥及磷肥减量10%、20%和30%对小麦磷素吸收累积量、产量及养分利用效率的影响。在秸秆还田的基础上,磷肥施用量减少10%~30%时,小麦植株的磷素含量和累积量随着磷肥施入量的减少先增加后减少,土壤有效磷含量先减少后增加;当磷肥减量20%时,小麦植株的磷素累积量最高(6.38 mg/株),而土壤有效磷含量最低(24.56 mg/kg)。磷肥施用量减少10%~30%时,小麦有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和产量均随着施用量的减少而呈现先增后减的趋势。秸秆还田基础上磷肥减量低于20%时,小麦产量差异不显著(P0.05),且磷肥吸收利用效率较配方施肥分别提高16.7%、125.9%和1.9%。秸秆还田条件下磷肥减量20%以内可提高小麦的磷肥贡献率、磷肥农学效率、磷肥偏生产力和磷肥吸收利用率,且对小麦产量影响不显著(P0.05)。总体而言,水稻秸秆还田后,在有效磷较为丰富(20 mg/kg)的土壤上减少磷肥用量20%以内,不会影响当季小麦的正常生长和产量。  相似文献   

7.
硅肥对冬小麦磷素吸收转运的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了大田条件下硅对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.济麦22)干物质积累与分配比例,磷吸收转运的影响。结果表明:施用硅酸钾肥料促进作物对P的吸收与利用,从而促进小麦生长和提高生物量;在适宜的硅酸钾肥料施用量90 kg hm~(-2)下,小麦地上部干物质积累及分配表现出最优,不适宜的硅酸钾肥料施用量将不利于穗形成期干物质在穗部的优先分配;小麦总硅吸收量与总磷吸收量呈显著线性相关;穗中13.8%~28.3%的磷素是靠秸秆转运而来,施硅肥显著促进了磷素在穗的累积,且累积量随着施硅肥增加而降低,各施硅肥处理的磷素转运效率在36.6%~44.3%之间,随着施硅肥量增加而降低。本研究表明,在土壤酸化严重的胶东地区,推荐T2处理(90 kg硅酸钾hm~(-2)),能取得较好的小麦增产效果。  相似文献   

8.
以超级杂交晚稻品种五丰优T025为材料,以叶面喷清水作对照(CK),设置叶面喷施0.1%(P1)、0.3%(P3)和0.5%(P5)3个浓度的磷酸二氢钾溶液处理,研究双季晚稻抽穗扬花期遭遇低温条件下提前喷施磷钾肥对水稻叶温、产量和生理特性的影响。结果表明:低温期间,不同叶面肥处理叶片温度较对照均有所提高,其中P3处理增温效果最好。低温胁迫下各处理稻株叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率均不同程度降低,以P3处理降幅最小,蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度及气孔导度等也均呈现类似变化特点;低温下各处理MDA含量均不同程度上升,其中以P3处理最低;叶片抗氧化酶活性低温来临后产生不同程度的变化,其中SOD活性、POD活性总体上表现为CK最高,P3最低,而CAT活性则以CK最低,P3最高;低温胁迫下喷施叶面肥处理均能不同程度提高黄熟期植株尤其是穗部干物质量,达到减缓产量降低的效果,其中以P3处理最佳,遭遇低温明显的2015年第二播期(7月1日播种)水稻产量比CK高14.04%;产量结构上,各处理单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率等均较CK明显改善。说明叶面喷施0.3%磷酸二氢钾是增强双季超级杂交晚稻抽穗扬花期低温抵御能力的有效措施。  相似文献   

9.
采用田间小区定位试验(2015—2016年)研究了自然降雨条件下农户习惯性施肥(T1)、减量施肥(T2)及优化施肥(T3)不同施肥模式对太湖流域菜—稻轮作农田土壤磷素径流流失特征和磷素表观平衡的影响。结果表明:菜—轮作农田地表径流排水主要分布于强降雨(梅雨季、台风季)集中的水稻生长季,与降雨量呈显著线性正相关关系。磷素径流流失也集中在水稻季,各处理条件下,其流失量占周年流失总量的比例达74.75%~81.46%。农户习惯性施肥模式(T1)处理条件下,蔬菜季径流总磷平均浓度(0.55mg/L)显著高于水稻季(0.29mg/L),但磷素径流流失量(0.49kg/hm2)却显著低于水稻季(2.13kg/hm~2)。减量施肥(T2)和优化施肥(T3)模式处理可显著降低蔬菜季、水稻季径流磷素浓度和菜—稻周年磷素径流流失量。较T1处理,T2和T3处理显著降低菜—稻周年TP径流流失量分别达22.48%和4 5.66%。菜—稻轮作农田土壤磷素盈余量呈现显著的施肥模式差异和季节差异,周年盈余量高达260.90kg/hm~2,且主要集中在蔬菜生长季(70.63%)。较T1处理,T2、T3处理显著降低周年磷素盈余量达3 8.47%~64.87%(P0.05)。同时,虽然蔬菜产量在T2、T3处理下均显著下降,但较T2处理,T3处理对蔬菜、水稻及周年产量均无显著影响。可见,菜—稻轮作种植模式下,蔬菜季施用适量生物炭,稻季不施磷具有磷素减排、维持作物稳产和磷素表观平衡的协同效应。  相似文献   

10.
矮壮素对马铃薯中薯3号光合特征和磷素营养的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为进一步研究矮壮素调节马铃薯生长发育及其增产的原因,对出苗后24.d和28.d的马铃薯品种"中薯3号"植株分别喷施矮壮素(CCC)0.g/L(A1,对照)、1.5.g/L(A2)2、.0.g/L(A3)、2.5.g/L(A4)各1次,研究CCC对马铃薯中薯3号出苗后不同天数的光合特征和磷素营养的影响。结果表明:A2、A3、A4处理在出苗后36.d(B1)的叶片净光合速率均低于对照,而A2和A3处理的SPAD值高于对照;A3处理在出苗后46.d(B2)、56.d(B3)和66.d(B4)的净光合速率和SPAD值都最高。应用32P示踪技术研究表明,在植株的不同部位[叶(C1)、地上茎(C2)、地下茎(C3)和根(C4)]中,处理组合A3B1C1、A3B1C2、A2B1C3和A3B1C4对32P放射性活度的影响分别与其他相同部位的处理组合有显著差异;在出苗后36.d时,处理A3的根对磷素的吸收量最大,磷素主要运输、分配到地上茎和叶,按各部位相对含量排序,依次为地上茎>叶>根>地下茎。各CCC处理的全株吸磷率随植株的生长而增加,在56.d时全株吸磷率都达到最大值,但在66.d时对磷素的吸收量减少;处理A4、A2和A3在出苗后36.d时的全株吸磷率都高于对照;处理A3的全株吸磷率在出苗后不同天数都高于其他处理。  相似文献   

11.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than 50% of the world’s population, and phosphorus (P) is one of the most yield-limiting nutrients for rice production in tropical acidic soils worldwide. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate efficiency of six P sources for upland rice production. The P sources used were simple superphosphate (SSP), polymer-coated SSP (PSSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), polymer-coated TSP (PTSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer-coated MAP (PMAP). There were four P rates [50, 100 200, and 400 mg phosphorus (P) kg?1] applied with four sources plus one control treatment [0 mg phosphorus (P) kg?1]. Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle density, root dry weight, maximum root length, and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased with increasing P rates in the range of 0 to 400 mg P kg?1. However, P-use efficiency (mg grain produced per mg P applied) was decreased with increasing P rate. Based on regression equation, overall maximum plant height was obtained with the application of 235 mg P kg?1, maximum straw yield with the application of 265 mg P kg?1, and maximum grain yield at 227 mg P kg?1. Based on maximum grain yield, the P source were classified as PMAP > SSP = MAP > PSSP > TSP > PTSP in the upland rice production efficiency. Overall, maximum panicle density was obtained with the addition of 231 mg P kg?1 and maximum 1000-weight was obtained with the addition of 226 mg P kg?1. Similarly, overall root dry weight and maximum root length were achieved with the application of 261 and 298 mg P kg?1 of soil. Most of the growth and yield components had a significant positive association with grain yield. Optimum soil acidity indices such as pH; exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K); Ca, Mg, and K saturation; base saturation; and acidity saturation were established for maximum upland rice grain yield.  相似文献   

12.
斜发沸石对干湿交替稻田土壤速效钾和产量的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
为了进一步探究斜发沸石在干湿交替稻田中的应用潜力,设置不同灌溉模式(淹灌和干湿交替灌溉)和不同斜发沸石用量(0、5、10t/hm2)的大田裂区试验,对2017-2018年稻田土壤速效钾动态变化和产量进行了研究。结果表明:稻田增施斜发沸石显著提高了水稻产量,在10t/hm2水平下产量最高,增产率达8.7%~22.3%。斜发沸石对稻田表层土壤速效钾含量和植株地上部钾素积累的提高有显著正效应,干湿交替灌溉显著提高了各生育期植株地上部钾素积累量,提高幅度分别为11.81%~21.42%(2017年)、9.69%~23.79%(2018年)。通径分析表明,斜发沸石增产是因为其显著增加了分蘖肥期和穂肥期土壤速效钾含量,提高了抽穗开花期和黄熟期地上部钾素积累。研究可为揭示干湿交替灌溉下提高钾肥利用效率的应用潜力,并一定程度上缓解稻田缺钾的局面提供依据。  相似文献   

13.
Rice is a main food crop for about half of the world's population, and phosphorus (P) is the main limiting nutrient in rice production in tropical lowlands. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate P requirements of lowland rice grown on a lowland soil (Inceptisol). Dry matter, grain yield, and yield-attributing characteristics were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by P fertilization. Based on quadratic response, maximum shoot dry weight and grain yield were obtained with the application of 190 mg P kg?1 of soil. Maximum panicle, tiller number, and plant height were obtained with the application of 177 192, and 175 mg P kg?1 of soil, respectively. Mehlich 1–extractable P for maximum grain yield was 15.6 mg kg?1 of soil. Variability in grain yield with plant growth and yield parameters was in the order of tiller > shoot dry weight > panicle number > spikelet sterility > plant height > grain harvest index > panicle length > weight of 1000 grains. Phosphorus uptake in shoot and concentration and uptake in grain significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yield. However, variability in grain yield was greater with concentration and uptake of P in the grain. Similarly, P harvest index was also significantly associated with grain yield. Agronomic P-use efficiency, apparent P-recovery efficiency, and P-utilization efficiency decreased quadratically with increasing P rates, whereas physiological P-use efficiency increased quadratically and agrophysiological P-use efficiency decreased linearly with increasing P rates. Agrophysiological and utilization P-use efficiencies had significant positive correlation with grain yield.  相似文献   

14.
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most yield-limiting factors in lowland rice production on Brazilian Inceptisol. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight P sources for lowland rice production. The P sources were simple superphosphate (SSP), polymer-coated simple superphosphate (PSSP), ammoniated simple superphosphate (ASSP), polymer-coated ammoniated simple superphosphate (PASSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), polymer-coated triple superphosphate (PTSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (PMAP). These P sources were applied in four rates (i.e., 50, 100 200, and 400 mg P kg?1) + one control treatment (0 mg P kg?1). Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle number, and root dry weight were significantly increased in a quadratic fashion with increasing P levels from 0 to 400 mg kg?1 of all the P sources evaluated. However, overall maximum root length and P-use efficiency were significantly less at greater P levels. Based on regression equation, maximum plant height was obtained with 262 mg P kg, maximum straw yield was obtained with 263 mg P kg?1, maximum grain yield was obtained with 273 mg P kg?1, and maximum panicle density was obtained with 273 mg P kg?1. Plant growth and yield components had significant positive association with grain yield, except maximum root length. Based on grain yield and average P rate of maximum grain yield, which is 273 mg kg?1, P sources were classified for P-use efficiency in the order of PSSP = TSP > PTSP > PASSP > SSP > MAP > ASSP. Soil chemical properties [pH; P; potassium (K); calcium (Ca); magnesium (Mg); hydrogen (H) + aluminum (Al); cation exchange capacity (CEC); base saturation; Ca, Mg, and K saturation; acidity saturation; Ca/Mg, Ca/K, and Mg/K ratios] changed significantly with the addition of different P treatments.  相似文献   

15.
Upland rice is an important crop in South America, including Brazil. Nutrient interactions are important in determining crop yields. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate interaction among nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in upland rice production. The treatments applied to upland rice grown on an Oxisol were three levels of N (N0, N150 and N300 mg kg?1), three levels of P (P0, P100 and P200 mg kg?1) and three levels of K (K0, K100 and K200 mg kg?1). These treatments were tested in a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Grain yield, shoot dry weight, plant height, root dry weight, maximum root length, panicle number, 1000-grain weight, and grain harvest index were significantly influenced by N, P, and K treatments. The treatment that did not receive P fertilization did not produce panicle or grain. Hence, P was most yield-limiting nutrient compared to two other nutrients. At the N0P0K0 treatment, rice did not produce grains, indicating severe deficiency of these nutrients in Brazilian Oxisols. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the N300P200K200 treatment. Grain yield had significant positive association with plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, maximum root length, 1000-grain weight, panicle number, and grain harvest index. Among these growth and yield components, shoot dry weight had the highest positive association with grain yield and root length minimum positive association with grain yield. Hence, adopting adequate soil and crop management practices can improve growth and yield components and increase grain yield of upland rice.  相似文献   

16.
Ammonium sulfate and urea are main sources of nitrogen (N) for annual crop production in developing countries. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using ammonium sulfate and urea as N sources for upland rice grown on a Brazilian Oxisol. The N rates used were 0, 50, 100, 150, 3000, and 400 kg N kg?1 of soil. Yield and yield components were significantly increased in a quadratic fashion with increasing N rate. Ammonium sulfate X urea interaction was significant for grain yield, shoot dry matter yield, panicle number, plant height and root dry weight, indicating a different response magnitude of these plant parameters to two sources of N. Based on regression equation, maximum grain yield was achieved with the application of 380 mg N kg?1 by ammonium sulfate and 271 mg N kg?1 by urea. Grain yield and yield components were reduced at higher rates of urea (>300 mg kg N) but these plant parameters’ responses to ammonium sulfate at higher rates was constant. In the intermediate N rate range (125 to 275 mg kg?1), urea was slightly better compared to ammonium sulfate for grain yield. Grain yield was significantly related with plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle number, grain harvest index and root dry weight. Hence, improving these plant characteristics by using appropriate soil and plant management practices can improve upland rice yield.  相似文献   

17.
The nitrogen (N) requirement of hybrid rice is generally greater than in conventional rice varieties. Recommendations for N monitoring at regular intervals of 7–10 days through leaf greenness are available, but farmers are accustomed to apply fertilizer N at selected growth stages only. An inexpensive leaf color chart (LCC) and nondestructive chlorophyll meters were evaluated for site-specific N management strategy in world’s first aromatic rice hybrid PRH-10 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Two field experiments were conducted on PRH-10 with four levels of N (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha?1) during June–October of 2010 and 2011 to determine the LCC, soil–plant analysis development (SPAD), and Fieldscout CM 1000 (CM 1000) values for achieving economic optimum grain yield at three critical growth stages (tillering, panicle initiation, and flowering). Quadratic regression between N levels and grain yield were used to determine economic optimum grain yield (6427 kg ha?1 in 2010 and 6399 kg ha?1 in 2011) corresponding to optimum economical dose of 151 kg N ha?1 (2010) and 144 kg N ha?1 (2011). Nitrogen concentration in fully expanded youngest leaf correlated significantly (P < 0.01) and positively with LCC score, SPAD value, CM 1000 value, and total chlorophyll concentration at tillering, panicle initiation, and flowering for both years. The critical LCC score, SPAD, CM 1000 values, chlorophyll concentration, and leaf N concentration obtained were at tillering 4.4, 42.3, 285, and 2.16 mg g?1 fresh weight and 3.29%; at panicle initiation 4.4, 43.0, 276, and 2.16 mg g?1 fresh weight and 3.02%; and at flowering 4.5, 41.7, 270, and 2.05 mg g?1 fresh weight and 2.83%, respectively. Corrective N application should be done when observed leaf N indicator values at a particular growth stage reach or go below the critical values.  相似文献   

18.
土壤铜污染对水稻产量形成的影响:5年定位试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2006年选用清洁粘质壤土(对照,铜浓度32mg.kg-1)制备200mg.kg-1和400mg.kg-1铜污染土壤,在土培池群体栽培条件下,以"矮仔占"和"两优培九"为供试材料,进行持续5年的长期定位试验,研究水稻产量的年度变化规律及其可能原因。2007—2010年的测定结果表明:200、400mg.kg-1铜处理使前两年水稻成熟期平均分别推迟2~5d和6~7d,但后两年无明显变化。土壤铜污染抑制水稻分蘖的发生,抑制程度逐年减小,两品种趋势一致。200、400mg.kg-1铜处理使2007年水稻产量分别平均减少17%、24%,随着时间推移减产幅度明显下降,后两年处理间没有差异,两品种趋势一致。铜污染条件下水稻减产主要与单位面积穗数和每穗颖花数减少有关,而结实率和千粒重均无显著变化。相关分析表明,水稻成熟期土壤可交换态铜浓度与铜胁迫下对应生长季水稻抽穗和成熟期推迟的天数以及茎蘖发生、单位面积穗数、每穗颖花数和产量的下降幅度均呈显著或极显著正相关。以上结果说明,土壤铜污染抑制水稻分蘖的发生和生长,使单位面积穗数和每穗颖花数下降进而使水稻减产;土壤铜污染对水稻生长和产量的影响逐年减小,这可能与土壤中可交换态铜含量持续降低有关。  相似文献   

19.
王永锐 《核农学报》1992,6(4):219-224
研究结果表明,高产杂交水稻有较多的~(32)P和~(14)C积集在分蘖和孔熟期的稻穗中,杂交水稻F_1乳熟期同化的~(14)C-葡萄糖向稻穗输送的百分率高。观察发现,杂交稻谷粒产量与~(14)C-葡萄糖在稻穗中分布及与IAP(输入积)之间的相关性高。低产杂交稻没有上述特性。放射性同位素~(32)P、~(14)C在分蘖和稻穗中的分布可作为预测杂交水稻F_1谷粒产量的指标。  相似文献   

20.
上海郊区自1964年广泛发展粮食三熟制以来,双季稻面积逐年增加,挥发性氮肥(碳铵、氨水)的比重也日益提高.近几年,每熟双季稻每亩约可施用17度氨水(含NH317%)和碳铵各50斤左右.为了探讨在这种条件下氮肥的施用技术,自1971年以来,我们对双季稻的吸肥特点,土壤氮素的供应和减少氮肥损失的措施等三个方面进行了研究.  相似文献   

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