首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
通气对石油污染土壤生物修复的影响   总被引:15,自引:5,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
丁克强  骆永明  孙铁珩  李培军 《土壤》2001,33(4):185-188
为了探讨石油污染土壤的生物修复的有效方法,本研究就通气对石油污染土壤生物降解的影响,在自制反应器中进行了为期50天的堆腐试验。结果表明,通气可为石油烃污染土壤中的微生物提供充足的电子受体,可保持土壤pH稳定,从而促进了微生物的生物活性,强化了它们对石油污染物的氧化降解作用。通过在反应器中,调控通气量使污染土壤中石油烃的降解率进一步提高,为石油污染土壤生物修复技术的应用奠定了科学基础。  相似文献   

2.
菌根真菌对土壤有机污染物的生物降解   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
利用土壤真菌和植物的结合体菌根真菌修复土壤,尤其是修复有机污染的根际土壤,正作为一个新的研究方向开始受到广泛关注。菌根真菌作为土壤真菌的一种,与放线菌和细菌等微生物相比,对土壤中有更大的忍耐能力,并且能将许多持久性有机污染物(POPs)做为碳源来获取能量。文章通过总结近20年菌根真菌与土壤有机污染物关系的研究。列出了43种能分解POPs的菌根真菌,并探讨了菌根真菌通过直接分解和共代谢的方式降解土壤有机污染物的可能性,为进一步研究菌根真菌生物降解土壤中持久性有机污染物,利用菌根植物生物修复有机污染土壤提供信息。  相似文献   

3.
多环芳烃菲对淹水土壤微生物动态变化的影响   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
丁克强  骆永明  刘世亮  李振高 《土壤》2002,34(4):229-232,236
本文研究了多环芳烃菲对土壤微生物的动态影响。通过利用生物反应器,观察了淹水条件下太湖流域微碱性粘质乌栅水稻土和红壤地区酸性砂质旱地红砂土中,在加与不加菲后土壤微生物数量的动态变化。试验结果表明,菲对2种土壤中细菌有刺激作用,在旱地红砂土中细菌增加了一个数量级,达1.63 ?107 cfu/g(干土计)。在一定时间范围内,菲对真菌和放线菌有明显的抑制作用。菲对这2种土壤中微生物数量的影响与土壤性质、反应时间和微生物种类有关。这些观察结果为多环芳烃菲污染土壤的微生物学影响评价和潜在有效降解菌的筛选提供了有用的信息。  相似文献   

4.
黑麦草对菲污染土壤修复的初步研究   总被引:41,自引:3,他引:38  
丁克强  骆永明  刘世亮  李振高 《土壤》2002,34(4):233-236
本文研究了黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam)对多环芳烃菲污染土壤的修复作用。通过60天的温室盆栽试验,观察到土壤中菲的可提取浓度随着时间逐渐减少,黑麦草加快了土壤中可提取态菲浓度的下降。在5、50、500mg/kg菲处理浓度下黑麦草生长的土壤中菲的降解率分别达93.1%、95.6%和94.7%。黑麦草增强土壤中多酚氧化酶活性而提高植物对菲的降解率。土壤自身具有修复多环芳烃菲的自然本能,种植黑麦草具有强化土壤修复菲污染的作用。增加黑麦草产量,增强土壤多酚氧化酶活性,可能提高黑麦草植物修复菲污染土壤的能力。  相似文献   

5.
程国玲  孙晖  杜葳 《土壤通报》2007,38(4):799-803
菌根作为真菌与植物的结合体,有着独特的酶途径,可以降解不能被细菌单独转化的有机物,不仅能从微生物修复角度影响有机物降解,还能从植物修复角度影响有机物的降解。本文综述了近年来菌根真菌对土壤中的石油类、农药、氯代芳香烃类及酞酸脂类污染物的降解研究进展,探讨了菌根降解污染物的内在可能机理,其中包括酶的作用、根际的作用及土壤中其他微生物对降解的贡献。综合菌根真菌在生物修复中的优点,认为其在生物修复中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

6.
采用淋洗施肥修复方法处理石油污染盐碱土壤,评价该修复方法对石油污染盐碱土壤的修复效果,并且采用最大或然数法和Biolog方法对土壤微生物数量和微生物群落水平生理特性进行研究。结果表明,经过182d的培养,淋洗施肥处理中油和脂的降解率分别比对照处理和施肥处理高(19.7±4.3)%和(13.8±3.4)%,土壤盐分去除率分别比对照处理和施肥处理高(66.5±2.9)%和(41.3±6.2)%,说明该处理是一种修复石油污染盐碱土壤的有效方式。淋洗施肥处理明显提高异养细菌、石油烃降解菌、烷烃降解菌和多环芳烃降解菌数量和土壤微生物活性,促进了微生物对土壤中油和脂的降解。此外,淋洗施肥处理提高了土壤微生物Shannon多样性指数和Simpson指数,促进了微生物种群的稳定,这暗示着土壤微生物种群正在逐渐恢复。  相似文献   

7.
重金属和生物有机肥对苹果根区土壤微生物的影响   总被引:21,自引:5,他引:16  
通过土壤追施Cd ,Cu和生物有机肥,研究了重金属对红富士苹果根区微生物的危害以及生物有机肥减轻重金属对土壤微生物危害的效应。结果表明:施用生物有机肥后,果园根区土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著增加,细菌占绝对优势;土壤Cd浓度在10 30mg/kg范围内,随Cd浓度的增加,细菌数量大幅度减少;Cu元素对土壤微生物的危害情况与Cd相似,但程度比Cd轻;从生物有机肥中提取的有机质对Cd和Cu有明显的吸附作用,在pH值6~8的范围内,吸附率随pH升高而提高;在中性微酸的条件下(最适宜苹果栽培的土壤酸碱条件) ,有机质对Cu2 吸附率远高于对Cd2 的吸附率;生物有机肥明显减轻Cd ,Cu对土壤微生物的危害,并且对Cu污染土壤的改善效果更好  相似文献   

8.
炉渣与生物炭配施对稻田土壤性质及微生物特征的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
稻田土壤微生物种类多、数量大,是土壤有机碳矿化的驱动者和有机碳库的固持者。以福州平原稻田为试验样地,分别施加生物炭、炉渣、生物炭+炉渣3种处理,测定分析不同处理对稻田土壤理化性质、微生物数量及有机碳含量的影响,旨在探究稻田土壤微生物在土壤碳库稳定方面的作用。结果表明:(1)炉渣与生物炭施加能够增加稻田土壤微生物数量,提高土壤真菌/细菌比值,有利于土壤碳库稳定性,其中混合施加效果更为显著。(2)3种施加处理均使早稻拔节期真菌数量及真菌/细菌比值显著升高,其中真菌/细菌比值分别提高0.016,0.015,0.018,同时使晚稻乳熟期厌氧细菌数量显著增加。生物炭单一施加及混施处理使晚稻拔节期好氧细菌数量显著升高。混施处理使早稻乳熟期好氧细菌数量显著升高(p<0.05)。(3)炉渣施加处理显著提高了早稻乳熟期土壤DOC的含量,生物炭施加处理显著提高早稻乳熟期土壤SOC含量,混施处理使早稻拔节期土壤SOC含量显著升高,使晚稻拔节期土壤DOC显著升高(p<0.05),并且早、晚稻拔节期有机碳含量显著高于乳熟期。(4)稻田土壤理化性质、微生物数量及有机碳含量三者相互影响,早稻土壤pH与土壤MBC含量呈显著负相关,与真菌数量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。晚稻土壤含水量与DOC、好氧细菌、厌氧细菌、真菌呈正相关。MBC与厌氧细菌呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
不同强化调控措施对多氯联苯污染土壤的修复效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过微宇宙试验,以添加碳源、翻耕、覆膜为调控因子,研究生物强化措施对多氯联苯污染土壤的修复效果,并对修复前后土壤微生物数量以及功能多样性进行研究。结果表明,土壤翻耕处理是最有效的修复措施,修复效率达到29.3%;添加淀粉与覆膜处理,效果相近,并且均显著高于对照。添加淀粉和翻耕均显著增加了土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,但降低了土壤微生物功能多样性。而覆膜处理则使土壤微生物数量及其活性和多样性均下降。可见,不同的调控措施不仅能够强化土壤中多氯联苯的降解,同时也会影响到土著微生物群落结构及其活性和功能。  相似文献   

10.
采用盆栽试验方法研究了聚丙烯酸盐对SDomingos金矿区重金属污染土壤的修复作用。在《聚丙烯酸盐对长期重金属污染土壤的修复研究(I)》^[30](以下简称研究I)中聚丙烯酸盐的应用显著提高了土壤持水能力和土壤的pH,同时土壤中水溶性重金属的含量也比对照显著降低,从而使果园草Orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.cv.Amba)的生物量得到显著增加。为更全面地说明聚丙烯酸盐在该重金属污染土壤修复上的作用,进一步探讨了聚丙烯酸盐对重金属污染土壤微生物属性的影响。结果表明,土壤细菌数量随聚丙烯酸盐水平的增加而增加,不同处理之间差异显著(P≤0.05);与对照相比,聚丙烯酸盐处理的真菌数量显著增加(P≤0.05),但随着聚丙烯酸盐水平的增加而显著降低(P≤0.05),这可能是由于0.4%和0.6%的聚丙烯酸盐处理土壤pH显著提高所导致的。因此使用微生物数量评价土壤质量时,细菌比真菌表现更突出。使用聚丙烯酸盐修复的土壤脱氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶的活性均比对照显著增加(P≤0.05),而脲酶活性的下降则可能是由于聚丙烯酸盐带来大量的铵态氮产生的抑制作用所致。综合研究I中的结果,聚丙烯酸盐不仅可以改善重金属污染土壤的理化性状而且对于土壤微生物属性也有显著的改善作用。从果园草生物量来看,0.4%聚丙烯酸盐的用量对该污染土壤的修复具有实践应用价值。  相似文献   

11.
菲在黑麦草种植土壤中的降解及其对土壤酶的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
研究了种植黑麦草对土壤中3环多环芳烃菲的动态降解作用。结果表明,黑麦草可以促进土壤中菲的降解,在75 d的盆栽试验里,种植黑麦草土壤中菲的可提取浓度明显低于不种植土壤(p<0.05)。在菲浓度为5 mg kg-1、50 mg kg-1、200 mg kg-1的3种处理中,种植黑麦草壤中菲的降解率分别为81.07%、90.35%、84.94%,而不种植土壤中菲的降解率分别为75.34%、86.62%、67.60%。种植黑麦草增强了土壤中多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及增加土壤中微生物生物量碳的含量,即提高了土壤中生物活性,从而促进了土壤中菲的降解率。不同浓度菲处理,土壤中生物活性存在明显差异,高浓度菲(200 mg kg-1)对土壤中生物活性产生较强的抑制作用,影响土壤中生物对菲的降解作用,从而揭示了植物促进菲降解的生物学及酶学机理。黑麦草对土壤中多环芳烃有较强的忍耐性,但过高的菲浓度对黑麦草的生长有影响。  相似文献   

12.
A phenanthrene-degrading bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 was examined for plant-growth promoting effects and phenanthrene removal in soil artificially contaminated with low and high levels of phenanthrene (0, 100 and 200 mg kg−1) in pot experiments. Low and high phenanthrene treatments significantly decreased the growth of wheat. Inoculation with bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 was found to increase root and shoot growth of wheat. Strain GF3 was able to degrade phenanthrene effectively in the unplanted and planted soils. Over a period of 80 days the concentration of phenanthrene in soil in which wheat was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p<0.05). At the end of the 80-d experiments, 62.2% and 42.3% of phenanthrene had disappeared from planted soils without Pseudomonas sp. GF3 when the phenanthrene was added at 100 and 200 mg kg−1 soil, respectively, but 84.8% and 70.2% of phenanthrene had disappeared from planted soils with the bacterial inoculation. The presence of vegetation significantly enhances the dissipation of phenanthrene in the soil. There was no significant difference in soil polyphenol oxidase activities among the applications of 0, 100 and 200 mg kg−1 of phenanthrene. However, the enzyme activities in planted and unplanted soils inoculated with the strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 were significantly higher than those of non-inoculation controls. The bacterial isolate was also able to colonize and develop in the rhizosphere soil of wheat after inoculation.  相似文献   

13.
采用盆栽试验方法,研究了蚯蚓(Pheretima sp.)对土壤-植物系统中菲、芘的去除效果的强化作用及对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,在试验浓度范围(0~322 mg.kg-1)内,蚯蚓对供试植物苏丹草(Sorghum vulgare L.)生长促进作用显著。接种蚯蚓的土壤中,苏丹草在菲、芘各浓度下总生物量较未接种蚯蚓土壤分别提高14.41%~25.91%、14.39%~23.9%;蚯蚓活动可促进土壤-植物系统中菲、芘的降解,接种蚯蚓处理中菲、芘各浓度下降解率较未接种蚯蚓处理分别高4.20%~9.76%、3.69%~9.38%。土壤酶活性测定结果也显示蚯蚓活动可增加土壤酶的活性。  相似文献   

14.
均三氮苯类除草剂对土壤酶活性的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
研究了均三氮苯类除草剂扑灭通和氰草津各 0、1、1 0、1 0 0 μgg- 1和扑灭通 氰草津 5 0 5 0μgg- 1对土壤过氧化氢酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性的影响 ,结果表明扑灭通和氰草津施用后对过氧化氢酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性均有一定的激活作用 ,氰草津对过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的激活作用比扑灭通的激活作用更强。两者混施没有产生明显的协同作用。  相似文献   

15.
蚯蚓与黑麦草相互作用对土壤中荧蒽去除的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Earthworms can promote the bioremediation of contaminated soils through enhancing plant growth and microorganism development. The individual and combined effects of earthworms and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on the removal of fluoranthene from a sandy-loam alluvial soil were investigated in a 70-d microcosm experiment. The experiment was set up in a complete factorial design with treatments in four replicates: without earthworms or ryegrass (control, CK), with earthworms only (E), with ryegrass only (P), and with both earthworms and ryegrass (EP). The residual fluoranthene, microbial biomass C, and polyphenol oxidase activity in the soil changed significantly (P<0.01) with time. In general, the residual concentration of fluoranthene in the soil decreased sharply from 71.8-88.7 to 31.7-37.4 mg kg 1 in 14 d, and then decreased gradually to 19.7-30.5 mg kg 1 on the 70th d. The fluoranthene concentration left in the soil was the least with both earthworms and ryegrass, compared to the other treatments at the end of the experiment. Half-life times of fluoranthene in the E, P, and EP treatments were 17.8%-36.3% smaller than that of CK. More fluoranthene was absorbed by earthworms than ryegrass. However, the total amounts of fluoranthene accumulated in both the ryegrass and earthworms were small, only accounting for 0.01%-1.20% of the lost fluoranthene. Therefore, we assumed that microbial degradation would play a dominant functional role in fluoranthene removal from soil. We found that earthworms significantly increased microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity (P<0.01) in the presence of ryegrass at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity were significantly (P<0.05) and negatively related to the residual fluoranthene concentration. This implied that earthworms might promote the removal of fluoranthene from soil via stimulating microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity.  相似文献   

16.
由人为及自然多种因素的影响造成很多地区人工林地出现衰退现象。本研究选择黄河三角洲不同退化程度的刺槐人工林,对林地土壤酶、养分和微生物及其相关性进行了研究,探讨人工刺槐林退化的原因。结果表明:随着人工刺槐林退化程度加重,土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性下降;过氧化氢酶活性则先上升,重度退化林地下降。脲酶与多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性显著相关,过氧化物酶与多酚氧化酶活性显著相关,其他酶之间相关性不显著。土壤养分与土壤酶的变化趋势基本一致,随着林分退化程度加重,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷含量均呈下降趋势;土壤pH、含盐量随着林分退化程度加重与土壤深度增加而上升,与土壤酶活性的变化趋势相反。土壤酶特别是脲酶活性与土壤养分显著正相关性,与土壤pH和含盐量呈显著负相关。不同退化程度的人工刺槐林地土壤细菌数量最多;真菌和放线菌与细菌变化趋势各不相同,随着退化程度的增加,细菌平均数量表现为未退化>轻度退化>中度退化>重度退化,真菌数量为轻度退化>未退化>中度退化>重度退化,放线菌数量为中度退化>轻度退化>未退化>重度退化。脲酶与细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著相关,细菌与除过氧化氢酶外的土壤酶活性显著相关,其他酶活性与各类微生物数量相关性不显著。  相似文献   

17.
Mixed microbial culture was isolated from heavy metal-contaminated ground soils located inside iron, vinyl and cement factory area. Isolated mixed microbial culture was used for the heavy metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+) removal process in horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB). In this research, the effect of bioreactor process parameters on the bioprocess dynamics in the HRTB was studied. Results of this research have shown that profiles of heavy metals concentration were gradually reduced along HRTB at all combinations of bioreactor process parameters [inflow rates (0.5?C2.0 L?h-1) and rotation speed (5?C30 min-1)]. Hydrodynamic conditions and biomass sorption capacity have main impact on the metal ions removal efficiency that was varied in the range of 38.1% to 95.5%. Notable pH gradient (cca 0.7 pH unit) along the HRTB was only observed at the inflow rate of 2.0 L?h-1. On the basis of obtained results, it is clear that medium inflow rate (F) has higher impact on the heavy metal removal process than bioreactor rotation speed (n) due to the fact that increase of inflow rate was related to the reduction of equilibrium time for all examined metal ions. Furthermore, equilibrium times for all metal ions are significantly shorter than medium residence times at all examined combinations of bioreactor process parameters. The main impact on the biofilm sorption capacity has covalent index of metal ions and biofilm volumetric density. The sorption capacity of suspended microbial biomass is closely related to its concentration. Results of this research have also shown that the removal of heavy metals ion can be successfully conducted in an HRTB as a one-step process.  相似文献   

18.
Soil structure degradation in greenhouse vegetable fields reduces vegetable production. Increasing aeration porosity is the key to ameliorating soil structure degradation. Thus, we tested the effect of a porous material, porous clay ceramic(PLC), on the amelioration of soil structure degradation under greenhouse vegetable production. A 6-month pot experiment was conducted with four PLC application levels based on volume, i.e., 0%(control), 5%(1 P), 10%(2 P), and15%(3 P) using Brassica chinensis as the test plant. At the end of the experiment, soil columns were sampled, and the aeration pore network was reconstructed using X-ray computed tomography(CT). The degree of anisotropy(DA), fractal dimension(FD), connectivity, aeration porosity, pores distribution, and shape of soil aeration pores and plant biomass were determined. The DA, FD, and connectivity did not significantly differ as the PLC application rate increased.Nonetheless, aeration porosity significantly linearly increased. The efficiency of PLC at enhancing soil aeration porosity was 0.18% per Mg ha~(-1). The increase in aeration porosity was mainly due to the increase in pores 2 000 μm, which was characterized by irregular pores. Changes in aeration porosity enhanced the production of B. chinensis. The efficiency of PLC at increasing the plant fresh weight was 0.60%, 3.06%, and 2.12% per 1% application rate of PLC for the 1 P, 2 P, and 3 P treatments, respectively. These results indicated that PLC is a highly efficient soil amendment that improves soil structure degradation by improving soil aeration under greenhouse conditions. Based on vegetable biomass, a 10% application rate of PLC was recommended.  相似文献   

19.
海藻酸钠固定化细菌对毒死蜱的降解特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
毒死蜱的生产和使用日趋广泛,由其造成的环境污染和危害不容忽视。微生物是影响有机磷农药在环境中降解的最主要因素,也被认为是降解有机磷农药最可靠而高效的途径。固定化技术是提高微生物降解农药效率的有效方法之一。本研究以海藻酸钠为载体,采用注射器滴定法将蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cer-eus)HY-1用海藻酸钠溶胶包埋,研究了反应时间、固定化菌接入量、pH和毒死蜱初始浓度对毒死蜱降解的影响以及固定化菌的重复使用效果。结果表明:海藻酸钠固定化菌能够高效降解基础培养基中的毒死蜱,制备固定化小球海藻酸钠溶胶的最适浓度为2.5%(w/v),小球的平均粒径为3 mm。在培养时间为60 h时,固定化菌对100 mg·L-1毒死蜱的降解率达到最大。固定化小球接入量为160 g·L-1时,对100 mg·L-1毒死蜱的降解率最高。固定化菌对毒死蜱的降解有着较宽泛的pH适应范围,碱性环境更有利于其对毒死蜱的有效降解。当毒死蜱初始浓度为80 mg·L-1和100 mg·L-1时,固定化菌对毒死蜱的降解率较高,达90%左右。固定化菌可重复利用降解毒死蜱,当利用4次后,固定化小球虽已发生崩解,但对100 mg·L-1毒死蜱的降解率仍高达47%。因此,海藻酸钠固定化蜡状芽孢杆菌对水体中毒死蜱的降解率较高,环境适应性较强,固定化菌可在毒死蜱污染的净化去毒方面发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

20.
采用盆栽试验法,研究了苏丹草对土壤中菲、芘的去除效果,及植物和微生物在去除土壤菲、芘中的交互效应。结果显示,在试验浓度范围(0-322.06mg·kg^-1内,土壤~苏丹草系统(TR,)对菲、芘的去除效果明显。种植苏丹草60d后,土壤菲、芘去除率分别为73.07%-83.92%、63%~77.62%;平均去除率分别比对照1(无植物,不加0.1%NaN3)高55.58%、50.71%,比对照2(无植物,加0.1%NaN3)高72.71%、66.57%,说明种植苏丹草可以促进微生物对土壤中芘、菲降解。土壤酶活性测定结果也显示,酶活性越高,污染物降解率越高,反之亦然。因此,植物一微生物间的交互效应是土壤中多环芳烃降解的主要途径。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号