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1.
水稻气力式排种器分层充种室设计与试验   总被引:15,自引:12,他引:3  
为改善水稻种子在充种室内的流动性并提高水稻气力式精量穴播排种器的排种精度,实现超级杂交稻(1~3)粒/穴精量穴播要求,在水稻气力式精量穴播排种器与种箱间设计了一种分层充种室。以含水率为20.3%(湿基)"培杂泰丰"超级杂交稻种子为对象,采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法,研究了不同吸室负压、吹种正压下,分层充种室对排种器排种性能的影响。试验结果表明,在吸种盘转速为30 r/min、吸室负压为1.6 k Pa、送种正压为0.1 k Pa、采用分层充种室的条件下,该排种器排出(1~3)粒/穴种子的概率为95.4%,空穴率为1.53%,大于4粒/穴的概率为3.07%,其中排出1粒/穴种子的概率为17.32%,2粒/穴种子的概率为58.72%,3粒/穴种子的概率为19.36%;与前期开展的水稻气力式精量穴播排种器排种性能试验结果相比较,增设分层充种室后,排种器播种精度提高。该研究表明,减小排种器中水稻种子之间的挤压力和摩擦力,改善种子的流动性,从而使吸种盘上吸孔对种子的吸附能力增强,是提高水稻气力式精量穴播排种器的性能的重要途径。该文为水稻气力式排种器结构优化与性能提升研究提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

2.
玉米种子分级处理对气力式精量排种器播种效果的影响   总被引:9,自引:9,他引:0  
该研究的宗旨是考察玉米种子分级处理对气力式精量排种器播种效果的影响。将玉米种子按形状和大小分为4级,分别用气吹式和气吸式2种精量排种器进行试验,以考察种子分级对合格、重播、漏播等播种指标的影响。试验表明:气吹式排种器对玉米种子形状和大小变异的适应性较强;对于气吹式排种器而言,在满足播种指标要求前提下,种子分级对其播种合格指数、重播指数影响显著,对其漏播指数和变异系数影响不显著,圆形种子合格率为96%,扁平种子合格率为87.4%,优势明显;而对气吸式排种器而言,分级后对各项质量指标的影响不显著,且出现较多播种不合格情况,说明即使进行种子分级也未能明显改进其播种性能。试验条件下,气吹式精量排种器的播种质量指标优于气吸式精量排种器。  相似文献   

3.
气力托勺式马铃薯精量排种器设计   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
针对勺带式排种器播种前进速度进一步提高的限制以及气吸式排种器播种马铃薯所需功耗较大等问题,设计了一种气力托勺式马铃薯精量排种器。气力托勺式马铃薯精量排种器主要由滚筒、托勺、种箱、空心轴、气压隔板、压缩弹簧、链轮、清种气管等部件组成。通过理论分析与计算,确定了排种器关键部件参数。为了确定气力托勺式马铃薯精量排种器作业的优化参数,以负压、清种风速、型孔直径、滚筒转速为试验因素,以漏播率、合格率为试验指标,采用Box-Behnken试验设计原理进行了排种器性能试验,得到影响漏播率和合格率的主次顺序为负压、滚筒转速、型孔直径和清种风速。利用数据处理软件Design Expert 8.0.6进行参数优化,以漏播率、合格率为试验指标,得出负压为8.92 kPa,清种风速为32.25 m/s,型孔直径为18.34 mm,滚筒转速为19.92 r/min时,模型预测的漏播率为3.64%,合格率为91.9%。经过试验验证,与优化结果基本一致。论文相关研究可为马铃薯精量播种技术的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
基于种子带模式小区精密播种装备的研制   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
摘要:为了提高小区播种的精确性和均匀性,研制了一套可适用于多种作物的基于种子带模式的精确播种装备。该套装备由种绳编织机和种绳播种机组成。种绳编织机采用气吸式排种器将种子播在种子带上并编制成种绳,排种器可通过更换带有不同尺寸和不同数量吸孔的吸种辊筒来适应多种作物的种子不同株距和不同播种量要求。种绳播种机可以实现起垄、垄定型、开沟、铺设种绳、覆土和镇压等功能。以胡萝卜为对象进行了机器播种性能试验,种绳编织机2.7%的漏播率和96.3%的株距合格率表明排种器具有很好的排种均匀性。92.3%的播深合格率以及95.7%的种子发芽率表明种绳播种机能够很好地满足农业作业要求。  相似文献   

5.
气吸滚筒式花生穴播器投种性能分析与试验   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
针对气吸滚筒式花生穴播器投种过程中种子不能准确落入导种机构而造成漏播、重播的问题,该研究提出了一种通过调整穴播器盖边缘开口位置和导种机构安装角度的方法寻求最佳投种轨迹,对种子脱离穴播器盖进入导种机构阶段建立动力学模型,明确了投种轨迹变化机理,确定了穴播器盖和导种机构的安装参数。借助EDEM仿真软件研究了穴播器盖和导种机构在不同安装角度下的投种性能,得出种子在与分种盘挡片接触状态下脱离穴播器盖边缘的投种性能最佳。选取穴播器盖安装角度、导种机构安装角度和机具前进速度为试验因素,以排种粒距合格率、漏播率、重播率为试验指标,在排种试验台上进行三因素三水平组合试验。结果表明:在穴播器盖安装角为17.10°、导种机构安装角为11.18°、机具前进速度为3.85 km/h的条件下投种性能最优,此时排种粒距合格率为95.37%。田间试验结果表明,调节穴播器盖安装角为17.10°、导种机构安装角11.18°,机具前进速度在3.05~4.65 km/h范围内,试验结果与台架试验结果基本相符,排种粒距合格率大于89%、漏播率小于7%,重播率小于5%,满足花生单粒精量播种要求。  相似文献   

6.
基于双闭环PID模糊算法的玉米精量排种控制系统设计   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
黄淮海麦玉轮作区秸秆全量还田模式下,小麦秸秆韧性好、粉碎还田效果差以及土壤较为黏重,传统被动式地轮驱动易秸秆缠绕、拥堵及黏土量较大,播种作业易断条。为有效解决这些问题,该文以勺轮式玉米排种器为研究对象,设计一种主动式玉米电控精量排种系统。该系统作业时,通过USART HMI四线制触控串口屏人机界面向控制器输入理论期望株距,由GPS测速传感器采集机具作业速度,结合旋转编码器实时采集排种器作业转速,基于双闭环模糊算法对PID参数进行自整定,得到排种器目标转速,通过控制器调节相应PWM占空比,以实现通过机具作业速度实时控制电机转速,实现精密排种。台架试验结果表明:理论排种转速6~54 r/min时,实际转速的变异系数均小于10.0%,实际转速在理论转速附近波动范围小,符合控制要求;在设定株距值下,车速为3~5 km/h时,株距合格指数94.0%,漏播指数3.0%;车速为6~8 km/h时,株距合格指数≥90.0%,漏播指数≤4.5%。田间验证结果表明该玉米排种控制系统作业时,株距合格指数≥87.75%,平均值为90.89%,漏播指数均小于4%,平均值为2.54%,与市场上常见的勺轮式玉米排种器相比合格指数提高2.12个百分点、漏播指数降低4.32个百分点,播种性能良好,满足玉米农艺种植要求。该文研究的玉米电控精量排种系统可有效提高排种质量并可为研制高速精量主动排种控制系统提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
为解决前期研制的气吸式玉米精量排种器在高速作业条件下存在投种位置不一致和横向飞种导致播种均匀性差的问题,该研究从力学角度对投种位置不一致和横向飞种现象进行分析,构建了不同吸附姿态和尖端直立深入吸附种子的力学模型以及相邻两粒种子间距的数学模型,明确了投种位置不一致和横向飞种的产生机理及速度和株距对投种均匀性的影响机制,提出一种末端拨离+直线投种方法,确定了末端拨离阻气件的关键参数。利用高速摄像技术和ProAnalyst运动分析软件对投种过程进行对比分析,结果表明,采用末端拨离+直线一致性投种方法,种子在竖直方向匀加速运动,在水平方向速度为0,到达投种位置后脱离种盘,沿竖直方向直线加速进入导种管,可实现均匀一致的直线投种。台架试验结果表明,采用末端拨离+直线投种的气吸式精量排种器在各个作业速度条件下排种性能较改进前均有所改善,在14 km/h时,合格指数提高了1.61个百分点,漏播指数降低了1.00个百分点,株距变异系数降低了1.79个百分点。田间试验结果表明,在作业速度小于等于12 km/h条件下,播种机的播种合格指数均大于94%,漏播指数小于5%,重播指数小于2%,株距变异系数小于20%,采用末端拨离+直线投种方式可大大改善播种效果,提高精量播种机作业速度。研究结果可为气吸式高速精量排种器的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
针对花生小区播种机播种尺寸差异较大种子时存在适应性差、单粒精播粒距合格率低等问题,该研究设计了一种基于STM32单片机控制的勺夹式花生小区单粒精量播种单体。采用先充种后投种的模式,利用夹持空间可调节的勺夹式排种器向双格盘播种总成内单粒排种,由STM32单片机控制光电传感器、增量式编码器以及步进电机等元件,实现有序充种和投种。根据播种时花生种子的运动轨迹,确定影响机具作业性能的主要参数为机具作业速度和投种口离地高度。以提高单粒精播粒距合格率,降低播种漏播率、重播率、破损率为目标,对机具作业参数进行单因素与双因素数值模拟分析,探究了机具作业速度、投种口离地高度以及二者交互作用对播种性能的影响。试验结果表明,机具作业速度0.9 m/s、投种口离地高度15 cm时的播种效果最佳:粒距合格率为96.20%、重播率为2.97%、破损率为0.50%、漏播率为0.33%,整机通过性和适用性良好,能够满足小区育种试验要求。该研究可为花生小区精量播种技术研发提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
气吸式胡萝卜起垄播种一体机研制   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
该研究结合山东等地的胡萝卜垄作种植模式,研制了一种集起垄、开沟、精量播种、覆土、镇压等功能于一体的气力式胡萝卜精量播种机,实现胡萝卜垄上窄行精量播种作业。该机采用负压吸种、正压吹杂完成单粒精量播种,主要由气吸式精量排种器、起垄整形装置、开沟分种装置、覆土器、机架及传动系统组成。根据吸种及投种过程的种子受力及运动分析,得到排种器气室真空度临界值,明确了投种位置及株距均匀性的主要影响因素。设计了双圈型孔排种盘,排种盘内外圈型孔所在圆周半径分别为87.5和95.0 mm,每圈型孔数量为30个。依据清种要求及作业空间,设计锯齿刮板式及偏心式刮种器,实现型孔两侧刮种;根据种植农艺要求,确定FL-2.5型风机,实现不同播种风量要求;采用3个双翼铧式犁起垄,并通过整形装置对垄形进行修整,一次完成2个梯形垄;遵循单体双窄行、浅开沟及少覆土要求,确定了开沟分种结构及覆土板参数。依据投种过程分析,采用低位投种方式,最低限度布置排种器,开沟分种装置总体高度在100mm左右。以排种盘型孔直径、排种盘转速和气室负压为试验因素,以粒距合格率、漏播率和重播率为试验评价指标,进行三因素五水平的二次回归正交旋转组合试验,获得排种器最佳参数组合为型孔直径1.6mm,排种盘转速18 r/min,气室负压4.4k Pa。田间试验结果表明,该机播种粒距合格率大于94%、漏播率小于5%、重播率小于4%,满足相关国家标准及胡萝卜种植农艺要求,可为胡萝卜精量播种机具的设计提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
该文针对现有免耕播种机存在的机具防堵效果差、种肥深度精准度低、播种均匀性差等问题,设计了一种斜插式免耕穴播机。该机器播种施肥采用45°斜插入土方式,入土器的凸轮推杆开合机构,能够有效防止夹土、粘土、堵塞等问题;入土器的平行四杆仿形机构配合曲柄滑块入土机构,可保证播种深度一致、种肥同步、种肥侧深距离精确度高以及播种均匀性好;45°倾斜角易实现自动覆土功能。另外增设了可调链轮变速机构,充分弥补了现有免耕穴播机株距调整困难问题;改进了原有排种器和排肥器适应性差的缺点,采用多窝眼轮排种器,能够满足不同作物品种的播种需求。该机的工作参数(行距、株距、播深、肥位等)皆为可调,适应性更强。依据设计研制样机并进行玉米播种田间试验,结果表明:播种覆土均匀,播种深度和施肥深度合格率分别为90.52%和91.23%,变异系数分别为5.91%和6.26%,种肥水平距离和垂直间距合格率分别为95.71%和91.65%,变异系数分别为4.64%和8.01%;株距合格率92.13%,重播率4.60%和空穴率3.27%,满足JB/T 10293-2001《单粒(精密)播种机技术条件》中播种合格指数≥80%,重播指数≤15%,漏播指数≤8%的农艺要求。该研究可为精准免耕穴播机的设计提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
【目的】以富士(Fuji)、 秦冠(Qinguan)嫁接在平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水(ZZ)、 低氮正常水(DZ)、 正常氮干旱(ZG)、 低氮干旱(DG)。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮(6 mmol/L NO-3-N)、 低氮(0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N)、 正常供水(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%)、 干旱处理(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%)。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量(茎和叶)、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG),并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG); 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶>根>茎,磷元素则是根>叶>茎;光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水(DZ)处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱(DG)处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

15.
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.  相似文献   

16.
李聃枫  朱春梧 《土壤》2020,52(3):561-566
自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

17.
Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

19.
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells.  相似文献   

20.
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.  相似文献   

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