固相萃取-UPLC-MS/MS同时测定水中16种磺胺类抗生素残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测水中16种磺胺类抗生素的分析方法.水中的磺胺类抗生素经HLB净化柱富集纯化后经Acquity UPLC HSS T3柱分离,多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定性定量分析.流动相由乙腈和0.1％的甲酸水溶液(v/v)组成,梯度洗脱.该方法的检出限...     

多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取结合UPLC-MS/MS测定鸡蛋中4种抗病毒药物残留

建立以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为吸附剂,分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(DSPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定鸡蛋中4种抗流感病毒药物金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、美金刚、奥司他韦的残留。样品经1%乙酸乙腈/水(9/1,v/v)提取,MWCNTs分散净化,以0.1%甲酸水和甲醇为流动相,经Agilent SB-Aq色谱柱分离,采用正离子多反应监测模式,内标法定量。结果表明,在优化的流动相梯度条件下,具有同分异构的金刚乙胺和美金刚可有效分离;4种药物在0.1~10μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.992 9。在0.5~5μg/kg浓度范围内的3个添加水平,4种药物在鸡蛋中的回收率在92.2%~106.7%之间,相对标准偏差为1.1%~6.3%,定量限为0.5μg/kg。结果说明该方法具有良好的准确度、精密度和灵敏度,适用于鸡蛋样品中4种抗流感病毒药物残留的测定。     

SPE-UPLC-MS/MS测定葡萄酒中的高氯酸盐

为建立前处理简单、定量准确、灵敏度高的葡萄酒中高氯酸盐的快速测定和分析方法,本研究使用酸化甲醇提取葡萄酒样品,最终选择WAX固相萃取柱前处理净化,亲水性聚丙烯滤膜(GHP)过滤,经Phenyl-Hexyl色谱柱分离,以电喷雾离子源(ESI)在多反应监测(MRM)负离子模式下测定葡萄酒中高氯酸盐。结果表明,该方法的检测时间为12 min,检出限和定量限分别为0.15μg·L^-1和0.5μg·L^-1,在1、2、5、10和20μg·L^-1水平的加标回收率介于94.5%～105%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.17%。该方法的建立可为葡萄酒生产企业和相关监管部门提供一定的技术支撑。     

蒲公英不同部位抑菌作用及代谢物差异的UPLC-MS/MS分析

为了研究蒲公英不同部位抑菌作用和代谢物成分的差异,本物采用打孔法和超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法,研究了蒲公英根、茎叶和花的水提取物和醇提取物对5种致病菌的抑菌作用,并对不同部位的代谢物成分进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,蒲公英不同部位初提取物对变形杆菌、嗜根考克氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均有抑菌作用,而对大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌均无抑菌作用;醇提法的抑菌效果优于水提法,花提取物的抑菌活性最强,根最弱。蒲公英的不同部位共鉴定出449种代谢物,根、茎叶和花中相对含量最高的物质分别为反油酸(脂类)、γ-亚麻酸(脂类)和木犀草素(黄酮类);且根、茎叶和花中相对含量排名前20的物质中黄酮类分别有0种、3种和8种,表明黄酮类物质可能是蒲公英中的主要抑菌活性物质。正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)结果显示,木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷在花中上调幅度最大,橙皮素C-丙二酰己糖苷为根中特有物质。本研究结果为利用蒲公英不同部位研制和开发新型药物提供了理论依据。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定茭白中37种抗生素残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定茭白中37种抗生素药物残留的分析方法。茭白样品经0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液提取,Oasis PRi ME HLB固相萃取柱净化,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水为流动相,经ACQUITY BEH C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子动态窗口多反应监测(Scheduled multiple reaction monitoring,SMRM)模式扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,37种抗生素在1.0～100.0μg/m L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.99),方法的检出限为0.3～1.0μg/kg,定量限为1.0～3.0μg/kg。在添加水平为5.0、 10.0、 50.0μg/kg时,平均加标回收率为66.9%～108.6%,相对标准偏差(Relative standard deviation, RSD)为0.6%～8.3%。该方法简单、快速、准确并有较高的回收率,能够满足茭白中37种抗生素残留的高通量筛查与定量检测的需要。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中咪唑乙烟酸的残留量

采用固相萃取（SPE）为样品前处理方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用（UPLC-MS/MS）检测土壤中咪唑乙烟酸的残留分析方法。土壤样品经0.1 mol.L-1的氯化铵与氨水缓冲液（pH=10）超声提取、C18SPE柱净化后,应用超高效液相色谱串联四级杆质谱仪多离子反应监测（MRM）定量检测,分别以碎片离子m/z 290〉176和m/z 290〉245进行外标法定量。结果表明,在0.01~0.5mg.kg-1添加水平范围内咪唑乙烟酸的平均添加回收率在83.47%~101.70%之间;相对标准偏差在4.15%~5.28%之间;咪唑乙烟酸的定量检出限（LOQ）为0.075μg.kg-1。该方法灵敏度高,操作简单,定量准确,可用于土壤中咪唑乙烟酸的残留分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中5种镇静剂类药物残留

为建立动物尿液中异丙嗪亚砜、异丙嗪、氯丙嗪、安眠酮和地西泮5种镇静剂类药物残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,本研究以固相萃取为净化手段,采用HPLC-MS/MS检测猪、牛和羊尿液中5种镇静剂类药物的残留量。结果表明,尿液样品经离心,调节pH值,Oasis MCX固相萃取柱净化后,能够有效去除杂质,5种镇静剂在0.6～20.0μg·L^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(R²)均大于0.993;5种镇静剂类药物的检出限和定量限分别为0.1和0.6μg·L^-1,0.6、2.5和9.0μg·L^-1 3个添加水平的回收率介于64.6%～110.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6.0%。本研究结果为不同动物尿液中镇静剂类兽药残留的精准检测提供了技术支持。     

QuEChERS结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中11类47种药物残留

本文建立了一种QuEChERS结合高效液相色谱–串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定土壤中11类47种药物残留的分析方法。试验考察不同色谱柱和流动相对47种药物的分离效果,探究不同pH的EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液和净化填料对目标化合物的提取和净化效果,实现了对土壤中多类药物的定量分析。47种药物在对应线性范围内均呈现较好的线性关系(r≥0.995);方法的检出限为0.1 ~ 2.5 μg/kg,定量限为0.5 ~ 8 μg/kg;3水平加标试验的回收率为61.1% ~ 117.0%,相对标准偏差为1.9% ~ 11.4%。该方法适用于土壤多组分准确高通量定量分析,检出限、回收率、准确度均符合分析要求,为土壤中多种药物的赋存底数和潜在风险研究提供技术支撑。     

液质联用法同时测定猪粪便中16种（氟）喹诺酮类药物残留

为检测猪粪便中氟喹诺酮类药物残留,建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法,可同时测定猪粪便中环丙沙星、诺氟沙星等16种氟喹诺酮类药物的残留量。样品经50%硝酸镁-4%氨水混合溶液提取,过HLB固相萃取小柱净化,HPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行定性及定量分析,16种氟喹诺酮类药物在40～200ng·mL^-1浓度范围内呈现良好线性关系,西诺沙星和沙拉沙星检出限为0.005μg·g-1,其他FQs药物检出限均为0.002μg·g-1。添加浓度为0.05、0.5、1.0μg·g-1时,方法平均回收率为51.4%～109.3%,RSD小于20%。该方法前处理简单、快速、灵敏、准确,仅使用少量有机试剂,检测成本低,对环境危害小。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用快速检测玉米及土壤中莠去津残留

采用分散固相萃取（QuEChERS）为样品前处理方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱快速检测玉米及土壤中莠去津残留分析方法。玉米及土壤样品经乙腈提取、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）分散固相（DSPE）净化后,应用超高效液相色谱/电喷雾串联四极杆质谱仪多离子反应监测（MRM）定量检测,分别以碎片离子m/z216〉146和m/z216〉174定性,以m/z216〉96进行外标法定量。结果表明,在0.005～0.5mg·kg^-1添加水平范围内莠去津的平均添加回收率在77.01%～112.62%之间,相对标准偏差在2.23%～8.43%之间,对莠去津的检出限（LOD）为0.39～0.91μg·kg^-1,定量检出限（LOQ）为1.33～3.02μg·kg^-1。该方法灵敏度高,操作简单,定量准确,测定浓度范围宽,可用于莠去津的残留分析。     

Development and validation of an HPLC/UV/MS method for simultaneous determination of 18 preservatives in grapefruit seed extract

Grapefruit seed extracts are used in cosmetics, food supplements, and pesticides because of their antimicrobial properties, but suspicions about the true nature of the active compounds arose when synthetic disinfectants such as benzethonium or benzalkonium chloride were found in commercial products. The HPLC method presented herein allows the quality assessment (qualitative and quantitative) of these products for the first time. On the basis of a standard mixture of 18 preservatives most relevant for food and grapefruit products, a method was developed allowing the baseline separation of all compounds within 40 min. Optimum results were obtained with a C-8 stationary phase and a solvent system comprising aqueous trifluoroacetic acid, acetonitrile, and 2-propanol. The assay was fully validated and shown to be sensitive (LOD < or= 12.1 ng on-column), accurate (recovery rates > or = 96.1%), repeatable (sigma(rel) < or = 3.5%), precise (intra-day variation < or = 4.5%, interday variation < or = 4.1%), and rugged. Without any modifications the method could be adopted for LC-MS experiments, where the compounds of interest were directly assignable in positive ESI mode. The quantitative results of several products for ecofarming confirmed previous studies, as seven out of nine specimens were adulterated with preservatives in varying composition. The samples either contained benzethonium chloride (2.5-176.9 mg/mL) or benzalkonium chloride (138.2-236.3 mg/mL), together with smaller amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid.     

植物激素响应和调控丛枝菌根共生研究进展

【目的】丛枝菌根是土壤中的丛枝菌真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）与大多数陆地植物根系形成的互惠共生体。丛枝菌根的形成过程是一系列信号交换和转导的结果,受到很多基因的程序化表达调控。植物激素作为重要的信号物质被证实能够参与调控植物与AM真菌的互作过程。本文简述了植物激素在调控丛枝菌根形成的作用机理,为激素调控丛枝菌根形成的研究与应用提供理论线索。主要进展外源施加低浓度的生长素和脱落酸能够促进丛枝菌根共生,而外源施加赤霉素能够显著抑制丛枝菌根中丛枝的形成;内源缺失赤霉素,脱落酸以及油菜素内酯会抑制丛枝菌根共生;茉莉酸合成突变体推迟丛枝菌根形成;独脚金内酯合成、转运以及受体突变体都会抑制丛枝菌根共生;生长素以及脱落酸受体表达量降低会抑制丛枝菌根共生。但是生长素信号受体的降低表达不仅能够显著抑制丛枝菌根的形成还能显著抑制丛枝细胞的正常发育,而植物脱落酸信号受体表达降低突变体中丛枝细胞发育正常。研究展望激素如何调控丛枝菌根共生的研究仍处于起步阶段。随着转基因和基因编辑技术（如Crispr/cas9系统介导的基因敲除技术）的快速发展以及通过菌根植物的基因组、转录组、蛋白质和代谢组数据的挖掘,丛枝菌根共生中的众多科学问题以及与其他植物-微生物互作系统等问题都将一一得到解答。     

A GC/MS method for the assessment of N and C incorporation into soil amino acid enantiomers

Identifying the transformation process of amino acid enantiomers was essential to probe into the fate, turnover and aging of soil nitrogen due to their important roles in the biogeochemical cycling. If this can be achieved by differentiating between the newly biosynthesized and the inherent compounds in soil, then the isotope tracer method can be considered most valid. We thereby developed a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method to trace the ¹⁵N or ¹³C isotope incorporation into soil amino acid enantiomers after being incubated with ¹⁵NH₄⁺ or U-¹³C-glucose substrates. The most significant fragments (F) as well as the related minor ions were monitored by the full scan mode and the isotope enrichment in amino acids was estimated by calculating the atom percentage excess (APE). ¹⁵NH₄⁺ incorporation was evaluated according to the relative abundance increase of m/z F+1 to F for neutral and acidic amino acids and F+2 to F (mass 439) for lysine. The assessment of ¹³C enrichment in soil amino acids was more complicated than that of ¹⁵N due to multi-carbon atoms in amino acid molecules. The abundance ratio increment of m/z F+n to F (n is the original skeleton carbon number in each fragment) indicated the direct conversion from the added glucose to amino acids, but the total isotope incorporation from the added ¹³C can only be calculated according to all target isotope fragments, i.e. the abundance ratio increment summation from m/z (Fa+1) through m/z (Fa+T) represented the total incorporation of the added ¹³C (Fa is the fragment containing all original skeleton carbons and T is the carbon number in the amino acid molecule). This method has a great advantage especially for the evaluation of high-abundance isotope enrichment in organic compounds compared with GC/C/IRMS. And in principle, this technique is also valid for amino acids besides enantiomers if stereoisomers are not concerned. Our assessment approach could shine a light on investigating the biochemical mechanism of microbial transformation of N and C in soils of terrestrial ecosystem.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定有机肥料中13种抗生素残留

建立了同时测定有机肥料中磺胺类、四环素类和喹诺酮类13种抗生素残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,并对样品的前处理方法、仪器分析参数进行了优化。结果表明,13种抗生素在50~1 000 ng/mL间线性关系良好,相关系数均达到0.999以上,检出限在0.02~0.04 mg/kg,样品加标回收率在69%~111%之间,具有良好的重现性。该方法具有灵敏度高、准确度高等优点,可用于有机肥料中13种抗生素残留的同时检测。运用该方法在有机肥料实际检测中发现恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、土霉素等抗生素残留。     

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of butachlor and benoxacor in wheat and soil

Butachlor is a chloroacetanilide herbicide successfully employed in weeding some important crops, and benoxacor is a safening compound able to induce the enzymatic mechanism of chloroacetanilide detoxification in plants. A practical method for a simultaneous detection of butachlor and benoxacor residues in wheat and in soil is described. The procedure can be performed by GC and HPLC. They were extracted with methanol and cleaned up by solid phase extraction (SPE). The analytes were satisfactorily separated via both GC and HPLC techniques, and no interferences were observed coming from plant or soil matrixes or reagents. The limit of quantitation was found to be 5.0 ng by GC and 20.0 ng by HPLC for butachlor and 2.5 ng by GC and 15.0 ng by HPLC for benoxacor. Butachlor recovery tests ranged from 85.4% to 91.7% in wheat shoots and 84.0% to 93.2% in soil; benoxacor recovery tests ranged from 86.5% to 90.8% in wheat shoots and 85.7% to 90.7% in soil. The reproducibility and the accuracy make this method a selective and sensitive tool for routine analyses.     

A quick method of soil moisture determination

Abstract

The method described here is useful for the quick determination of soil moisture, especially when many determinations are to be made at a time. The only pieces of apparatus required are some wide‐mouthed conical flasks, a few pieces of glass rod and a balance. The principle involves recording the weight of the flask filled with water and soil sample of known weight (A). This flask weight (H), and the predetermined soil particle density (D_p) and weight of the water‐filled flask (G) are then used to calculate moisture percentage (MP) in the soil sample from the formula:

The method was compared with conventional oven‐drying technique for a wide range of soil textures, moisture contents and other contrasting soil properties. The results obtained showed that the accuracy, precision and simplicity of the method are good, particularly for rapid practical uses.